Presentation of a parent meeting on the topic "The role of toys in a child's development. How to choose the right toy for a preschooler"

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Summary of the parent meeting on the topic: “The role of toys in the development of children”

performed:

teacher

Ivannikova Polina Borisovna

MB preschool educational institution No. 2

village Bakhtyrovsky

Goal: To show parents the degree of understanding they have of their child in terms of game content, to show the importance of games and toys in the development of a child, to develop playing skills with their child, to discuss the issue of organizing a gaming environment in a family setting.

Material: A variety of large and medium-sized toys, TSO CD radio, multimedia equipment for showing presentations. Procedure: Parents sit on chairs placed on three sides.

Presenter: Good evening Dear parents. Today we invited you for round table, and our topic will be the following riddles, guess for yourself...

Small in stature, but brave,

He galloped away from me. (ball)

The baby is dancing,

And only one leg. (spinning top)

The fraction beats off,

Walking helps. (drum)

There are different girlfriends nearby,

But they look alike.

They all sit next to each other,

And just one toy. (matryoshka)

Are you going to play in the sandbox?

You need to take something with you. (bucket)

When April takes its toll

And the streams run ringing,

I jump over it

And she through me. (jump rope)

She doesn't need a driver at all.

Including - you start it,

The wheels will start spinning.

Place it and she will rush. (wind-up machine)

What one concept can be used to name all these objects you guessed?

A toy is an item specifically designed for children's games. Toys help a child realize his plans, bring play closer to reality, and develop the child’s communication with society and adaptation to society. The poetess L. Fadeeva in the poem “First Performance” very accurately conveyed emotional condition child at such an “uncomfortable” moment for him:

I'm standing on stage.

The hall fell silent.

And I am silent:

Don't remember the verse!

I stand and think about

Cry now or later.

To help emotionally depressed children, we use dolls in our practice. Psychologically hiding behind a toy, speaking on its behalf, the child becomes more open and courageous in contacts with others. Begins, as it were, to try on himself different models social behavior.

Without toys and games there is no happy childhood; it is impossible to raise a healthy, emotional, full-fledged person.

Game “Grandma’s Story “Games of Our Childhood”.”

It's no secret that yard games have disappeared. But they taught children the need for communication and helped resolve contentious conflicts.

Clap your hands those of you who jumped over an elastic band; those who played hopscotch, stamp your right foot; those who played tag, stamp your left foot.

Training: “My favorite toy as a child.” Musical accompaniment is turned on.

Ved: And now, I will ask you to sit more comfortably and surrender to the memories of your childhood. At a time when you were as small as your children. Imagine that you are five, six, seven years old. Imagine yourself at the age at which you remember yourself better. You are playing with your favorite toy. Remember what it looks like, what games you play with it. This toy is your most precious and beloved one. You are very “attached” to her. Your favorite toy brings you joy and peace. You are happy in your own way. And now, I wanted you to tell me about your favorite toy. And about that toy that you may have dreamed of as a child, but there was no way to get it.

Speech by parents. Parents pass the seven-flowered flower to each other.

Presenter: We subconsciously understand that we remember our favorite toy all our lives and this gives us positive emotions. When we remember, we feel the warmth from which we have moved so far away.

What do you think adults should do to ensure that our children remember their toys with pleasure after many years?

Discussion.

Well, so that our answers are not repeated, I offer you this magic chest.

Game "Magic Chest"

The chest contains eggs from Kinder surprises. In them, on strips of paper, various questions are written. The parent takes the Kinder and answers the question.

Presenter: Today we are convinced that every person has favorite toys that he remembers all his life. Your children have them too. Exemplary parents should know what toys their child likes and respect his choice. After all, you yourself developed his choice, raised him.

Sometimes in the morning children come to the garden without a mood, capricious, aggressive, not wanting to answer the question “What happened?”, “Why are you so sad?” etc. There are quite a lot of toys in kindergarten, but during the day the child wants to see and play with his favorite toy, the one that, for various reasons from parents, cannot be taken to school. kindergarten. In order to prevent your child’s mood from spoiling, what do you do? What can you recommend?

Speech by parents.

Training: “A toy in my child’s life.”

Video clip “Which toy did your child choose”

A picture with a variety of toys is shown.

Presenter: You are presented with different types and sizes of toys. What toy do you think your child would choose? How truly can you see the world through the eyes of your child?

Now let's see which toy your child actually chose.

Continuation of the video “Which toy did your child choose?”

Presenter. We all always remain children at heart. We want to be capricious, we enjoy playing with the children.

Now I suggest you turn into children for a while and play the game “Assemble a building.”

Game "Assemble a building."

Parents are divided into three teams. Each team has identical diagrams of several buildings made from small cubes. The team's task is to build as many buildings as possible on the table in 1 minute.

Presenter. Well done parents, you coped with this task. Now let's see how you can solve puzzles.

Game "Solve the puzzle."

Leaves, apples, and butterflies “hang” on the tree. Parents “take” any picture. On the reverse side is a picture of a rebus. Parents' task: to solve their puzzle.

Presenter. You all completed the task. Then I suggest you read the poem. Only it is written unusually - from right to left.

Game "Read a poem"

Each parent reads one word from the poem, written from right to left.

Presenter. Each of us thinks that we know everything about our child: about his tastes, preferences.
The children were asked a number of questions:

*What games do you like to play the most and why?

* What toys do you buy most often in the store and why?

*Who is your favorite player to play with and why?

*What computer games do you play?

Let's see what the children answered.

Video clip.

Presenter. Now I want to tell you a story that could have happened anywhere.

P. Maisky, st. Unknown. Summer morning. Everyone is still sleeping. A garbage truck drives up to the house. The car alarm goes off. Mom wakes up. Puts on the kettle. Dad goes to the bathroom. The door creaks. The baby cries even louder. Mom calms the baby. Everyone is here. It's time to visit grandma. Everyone gets into the car. Doors slam shut. The motor turns on. The car is driving on the highway. A car drives past at high speed. There is a traffic police post ahead. Policeman's whistle. Thank God, not us. We turned off the road. There is a village ahead. The dog barked habitually. The geese cackled. The ducks screamed. The piglets grunted. And suddenly…

Now let's tell this story without words.

Parents take pieces of paper on which it is written what kind of character he will be.

So, p. Maisky, st. Unknown, summer morning...

Presenter. Dear parents! Today our meeting was dedicated to games and toys. I wanted to convey to you that a toy for a child is not just fun, but also an effective development tool, a help in improving movements, senses, and understanding of speech.

By the age of five, large toys gradually cease to occupy the child and move from play area on chairs, beds, cabinets. But sets of little animals, soldiers, and doll families capture the child’s interest and emotions. Greater opportunity to play different options with the same toys; Children develop fantasy and imagination, thinking ceases to be concrete, and the emotional world is enriched.

For a six-year-old child, non-static and concrete toys are more useful and interesting - he will be happy with an unusual construction set, models of ships and airplanes, beautiful felt-tip pens and an entertaining board game, sewing and knitting kit.

Children really like toys made with my own hands, especially if they become useful to others. Children at this age love to make toys-gifts (pot holders, napkins, decorations). Toy stores are fading into the background, and the greatest interest among children is caused by counters with stationery, building materials, threads and buttons. The child himself prepares himself for a change in activity and schooling.

– Let's see what modern toys our children play with and what impact they have. I will briefly talk about these toys, and if you agree with me, raise a green card, if not, a red card and justify your decision.

– Play is a means of diagnosing a child’s mental state.
Most modern toys can create monsters in the soul little man. Unfortunately, not only psychologists, but also child psychiatrists and doctors have to deal with this more and more often. They have more and more work.

- Do you agree or not?

– Now on sale a large number of toys that came off TV screens and were promoted by children's TV series: Pokémon, monsters, Spider-Man, Batman. These toys contribute to the accumulation of aggressive fantasies of the child

The category of monsters includes all kinds of transformable toys: man-machine, man-robot, man-monster. Adults seem to have forgotten that a toy is not just fun. She implants in the child’s soul the initial concepts of good and evil. And it’s dangerous if this happens in a game with a negative hero. Any action played out by a child can reproduce itself in reality. The toy programs the child's behavior. And it is important to understand how the toy works and what kind of program it contains.

- Do you agree or not?

Undoubtedly, a child should have a certain set of toys that contribute to the development of his sensory perception, thinking, and horizons, allowing him to play out real and fairy-tale situations and imitate adults.

– Toys from real life:

doll family (maybe a family of animals), dollhouse, furniture, dishes, cars, boats, construction sets, cash register, scales, medical and hairdressing supplies, watches, washing machines, stoves, televisions, crayons and board, abacus, musical instruments, railways, telephone, etc.

- Do you agree or not?

– Which doll is better to buy: Baby Doll or Barbie? In this dispute, the age of the child plays a big role. Preschool girls have a strong instinct of motherhood, it is embodied in playing with a doll that they want to nurse, treat, put to bed, feed, or roll in a stroller. And Barbie needs to be dressed, undressed, and new things must be purchased for her. Her way of life is endless outfits, entertainment, and changing partners. In relation to the doll, the girl will feel like a maid or, at best, a friend, and not a mother.

If a girl plays with a baby doll that looks the same as the girl, then the girl does not have a contradiction between herself (between the girl she sees in the mirror and the one she holds in her hands). Barbie is an adult beautiful girl with developed forms - the child passes this image through himself (figure, lifestyle, style of behavior). This leads to the fact that the girl strives for the image, for the Barbie figure, and does not accept what she has.

Thus, it makes sense to buy Barbie for a schoolgirl - as opposed to a girl preschool age, she will appreciate its beauty and the play opportunities it provides, but will not be under the pressure of the rigid “program” that this doll dictates.

- Do you agree or not?

– Toys that help “throw out” aggression:

Toy soldiers, guns, balls, inflatable bags, pillows, rubber toys, jump ropes, skittles, as well as darts for throwing, etc.

Aggressive toys provoke games with a corresponding mood. During aggressive game children scare each other with weapons,

Such fear may have irreversible consequences in the future. In addition, children may develop fears that will manifest themselves in later life. Some children are in force psychological characteristics are prone to aggression towards others; playing with military toys exacerbates this feeling in children.

At the same time, in the preschool period, toys (all kinds of weapons, soldiers, tanks, etc.) help to find a way out of the internal aggression that is hidden in every person. If it spills out through “war” games, then in real life a person becomes calmer and more balanced. Children have much more energy than adults, and it must have an outlet. But if you notice that aggression regularly becomes the main content of the game, this may indicate that the child’s level is too high. You should pay special attention to this and, perhaps, consult a specialist.

- Do you agree or not?

– Toys for the development of creative imagination and self-expression:

Cubes, construction sets, alphabet books, Board games, cut pictures or postcards, plasticine paints, mosaics, needlework kits, threads, pieces of fabric, applique paper, glue, etc.

- Do you agree or not?

Soft toy. Its main purpose is to give the baby tenderness. It is used by psychotherapists, psychologists and doctors: fluffy bear, a cute elephant, and a shaggy dog ​​can cure a child of fears and even nocturnal enuresis. American psychologists, studying baby monkeys, discovered the following: if a monkey is given the opportunity to choose between two surrogate mothers, one of which is made of cold wire, but with a bottle of milk, and the other faux fur, but without a bottle, then the frightened and hungry cub chooses... the second one: soft and cozy, giving him a much-needed sense of security. It's no wonder our children love furry animals so much.

- Do you agree or not?

– For older children, you can buy buildings for ships, planes, and boats. For girls, beautiful kits for embroidery, beading, painting on fabric and wood. These games teach children to be independent, hardworking, and caring for their neighbors. After all, it’s much more pleasant to embroider a napkin for mom, give dad a model airplane for his birthday, or please his sister with a bauble. Any thing made with your own hands is the best for a child and the most expensive gift for his friends or parents.

- Do you agree or not?

– By imitating adults, the child reproduces the relationships that he observes. If a child abuses his toy during play, treats it carelessly, this leads to the child first developing bad habits, and then developing negative character traits - selfishness, sloppiness, stubbornness.

On the contrary, if a child is affectionate with his toy and puts it back in its place, then he develops a caring attitude towards things, hard work, sociability and other valuable qualities. Development play activity child is carried out with the active participation of an adult. In order for a child to love the game and be able to play for a long time and with concentration, he must be taught this. The game becomes richer and more meaningful from communication with an adult. Parents should be interested in their children's games, help expand their plots, not consider the game as empty fun and pay due attention to it. After all, the game not only amuses the baby, but also develops it.

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Sections: Working with preschoolers

Target: formation of parental competence regarding the development of constructive skills in children.

Agenda:

• Building material: pleases, develops, entertains.
• Recommendations for organizing construction from building materials in the family.
• Workshop for parents “Building Together” - teachers.

Progress of the event

In recent years, when you go to a toy store, you find yourself faced with a very difficult choice: what game or toy to buy so that it not only pleases and entertains, but also develops the child?!

Questions for parents:

What games and toys do you prefer?

What does your child like to play with?

We suggest focusing your attention on wooden building set! Are you surprised?! Many of you may think that these are outdated toys, but we argue that this seemingly simple game material is fraught with enormous possibilities and provides something to your child’s development that no other game can provide.

Questions for parents:

How many of you have building kits at home?

Do children enjoy playing it?

What do you think can affect the development of playing with building materials?

Firstly, this is a type of activity (in comparison with drawing, modeling and appliqué) in which the child is guaranteed success; it provides an opportunity for creativity; the building can be created, corrected, supplemented and even restored very quickly. The child creates, acts, tries, corrects - this is very important. After all, as one of the teachers said, a child who has experienced the joy of creativity even to the most minimal extent becomes different from a child who imitates the acts of others.

Let's look together at what development can be influenced by playing with building materials.

Section "Mathematics":

• Name geometric shapes- geometric representations;
• figurative memory;
• spatial thinking;
• the ability to distinguish objects by size, color, shape;
• ability to classify according to several criteria;
• ability to use spatial prepositions;
• navigate in space.

Section "Cognitive development":

When constructing any structures or buildings, an adult, without knowing it, tells the child about the object, its purpose, and design features. Having become interested, the child independently begins to search, select illustrations, listen to information on television, or turns to an adult for help.

Section "Speech development":

• develops coherent speech (comments on his actions);
• uses prepositions correctly;
• correlates parts of speech in gender, number and case;
• formulates the design of the building.

Playing with building materials develops the ability to foresee future results and fosters independence. Having mastered construction, a child can spend hours doing it, while an adult can only “provide tasks” and create conditions. Arbitrariness of behavior, the ability to complete a task, and conceive a plan are formed; memory, thinking, attention, imagination develops.

Solution: purchase a wooden construction set for organizing constructive activities at home. Organize an exhibition of booklets and recommended designers.

Having convinced ourselves of the significance of this game for the development of a preschooler, let’s move on to the technology of using it in the family.

So, you bought a builder.

First, teach your child to put all the parts in a box according to the pattern.

Then, introduce your child to the builder. The first meeting lasts no more than 10 minutes. A short meeting will make the child want to play again in order, as it seems to him, to play enough. The second meeting also lasts no more than 10-15 minutes.

The goal of subsequent meetings is to help the child, having discovered the laws of beauty, strength, stability, substitution and combination of forms with each other, be able to play without your participation for a long time, solving creative problems of constructing and playing with buildings.

Questions for parents:

Do you know the basic laws of architecture?

What should you talk about during construction?

So, the basic laws of architecture are utility, strength, beauty.

Let's talk about each of them separately.

Utility.

Buildings can have different purposes for humans (residential buildings, palaces, office buildings, garages, bridges, parks) and for animals (farm, poultry house, etc.)

Strength.

The structure will be strong if it is built following the following rules:

• all parts must be laid evenly, pressing tightly against each other;
• the base of the structure (foundation, 1st floor, supports) must be made strong;
• all vertically standing parts must be strengthened on both sides with other parts (cubes, prisms, bricks, etc.);
• the plate (floor, ceiling) needs to be selected slightly bigger size than the distance between the parts, and will press it down on top with some parts;
• the second row of parts is laid, as on the steps of a ladder - across;
• missing parts can be replaced with other forms from another designer. It is necessary to show ways of replacing parts.

The building must be harmonious in shape and color. Show a 4-5 year old child how to decorate a building with color and construction details, vary it each time and explain why this combination of details and color seems beautiful to you.

It’s good if you and the child talk through the process and result of construction.

About the idea. What did you decide to build? For whom? Why does he need this?

About the material. What will we build from?

Means of activity. What will we build with? (with hands)

About the sequence of construction of the structure. What do we put first, what then?

About the result. Are you satisfied with our construction? Why? Did it turn out durable, comfortable, beautiful?

After construction, let your child play with it for another 10 minutes and offer to put it away. The child must disassemble the structure from above without dropping a single part. Have a competition to see who can put the pieces in the box faster and more accurately. Finally, the day will come when you ask: “Can you put the material in the same order without my help?”

It’s good if the child has a table on which he can keep the design for several days and play with it. But as soon as it collapses, it must be removed immediately. The building is also removed when you get the idea to complicate the construction task.

The main thing is that now the child can work independently for a long time as a builder.

Suggest making the tasks more difficult:

• increase or decrease the sample building in accordance with the size of the character or his living conditions: “Can you build a house with two entrances, a garage for two cars, a house with an attic, a bridge for pedestrians and cars?”;
• change spatial conditions: “Can you build it so that the windows face this path?”;
• carry out construction based on a drawing, photograph and presentation;
• encourage creativity, the manifestation of an individual design style, which manifests itself in the fact that the child decides to build a house that has not yet been built.

Gradually, the child will learn to set constructive goals for himself, and you will need to introduce him to architectural structures and maintain interest in his activities. The baby will prove, reason, ask questions, and you will have a family common topic for discussion. You will learn to understand each other better!

Workshop for parents “Building Together”.

At the workshop, parents together with teachers built structures and changed them in accordance with the conditions. It was also proposed to play around with the construction.

Parent meeting in middle group“Master class for parents on light engineering”

Program content:

To involve parents in participating in the life of the kindergarten through the search and implementation of the most effective forms work;

Increase the level of pedagogical culture of parents;

Involve parents in participation in a master class using Lego constructors

Use the educational potential of parents to educate and raise children.

Form of conduct: Master Class

Location: music hall

Duration: 40 min

Equipment: tape recorder, magnetic boards, Lego sets, Lego software parts, life safety instructions, laptops, diagnostic sheets, pencils, sheets of paper, flash card with presentations.

Event plan:

1. Opening speech by the teacher

2. Reflection game “I want my child to be...”

3. Presentation of the group's portfolio

4. Presentation “Our successes”

5. Master class

6. Safety in summer period. Distribution of memos.

7. Miscellaneous.

1.Good evening, dear parents. We are glad to see you at our parent meeting. Thank you for coming to this meeting.

I would like to start our meeting with a small game.

Reflection game

Under your chairs there are parts of Lego software. You are invited to work together to build a ladder of success for your children. Each of you participates in its construction with the words “I want my child to be...”.

2.Now we will tell you about our successes and achievements in this academic year.

The group's teachers created our group's portfolio. Attention to the screen. (show presentation 1).

Now a little about what we did, where we participated and what we worked on throughout the year (presentation 2)

In the fall, work was carried out on a mathematics project “In the world of shape, color, size.” As part of this project, we participated in the reading competition “In the World of Mathematics,” where children took prizes. With your participation, an exhibition of handicrafts from natural material“Mathematical riddles of autumn”, the group’s mathematical corner has been replenished with various games and manuals.

During the winter period, a photo exhibition “Merry New Year and Christmas holidays” was held, an exhibition of crafts with your participation “Symbol of the coming year”, New Year's party.

Work was also carried out on the project “Growing Strong, Healthy, Skillful”, the goal of which is to introduce children and parents to physical culture And healthy image life.

As part of this project, a photo exhibition “Sports in my family” was held, the physical education corner was replenished with various sports attributes, an exhibition of sports equipment for your families was organized, and sports activities were held with children on the street.

IN spring period Work was carried out on the design of duty and work corners in the group. Many thanks to the parents who provided all possible assistance in their creation (Milan’s family, Eli). In kindergarten there was a competition for the best design and we took an honorable 1st place.

We also took part in the “Favorite City without Fires” campaign. Classes were held on this topic, reminders were distributed for junior group Coloring books on this topic were presented.

More recently, outdoor sports and entertainment was organized for children

Throughout the year we actively used ICT during classes. These include educational presentations, cartoons, and videos.

At the end of the year, a diagnosis of our children’s progress was carried out based on five educational fields and this is what she showed:

Diagnostics:

3. MASTER CLASS

Every child is a born designer, inventor, and researcher. Design is a very interesting and exciting activity; it is closely related to intellectual development child. The Lego constructor allows you to learn by playing and learn through play.

For children aged three to six years, play should be the basis of learning. During the game, children begin to imitate adults, try their hand, fantasize, and experiment. Lego constructors give them the opportunity to experiment and express themselves, give them the opportunity not only to assemble a toy, but also to play with it. When assembling a constructor, a child develops very diversified, everything is involved here: perception of shapes, touch, motor skills, spatial thinking, the appearance is actively formed and consolidated a successful person, a creative person.

The designer encourages you to work in varying degrees and head and hands, while two hemispheres of the brain work, which affects the all-round development of the child. The child does not notice that he is mastering mental counting, the composition of numbers, and performing simple arithmetic operations. Each time, situations are involuntarily created in which the child talks about what he was so passionate about building. He wants everyone to know about his creation. This includes the development of speech and the ability to speak in public easily and naturally.

Perhaps the most important benefit of Lego is that parents can play with their children together. When there is bad weather outside, autumn rain is pouring or frost is drawing patterns, it is very important to properly organize the child’s leisure time at home. With the help of Lego, your evening leisure time will be truly exciting. This activity brings the whole family together, facilitating communication in a friendly, warm atmosphere.

Now a little about how we mastered Lego construction with children over the course of the year, mainly in classes for additional services.( presentation 3)

First, the children and I met Lego constructor, its varieties and properties. We examined the details: size, shape, color, what they were made of, tested experimentally for strength and buoyancy. The guys and I decided on the name of each shape: brick, cube, beak, slide, etc.

Then they learned to construct the simplest buildings, gradually moving on to more complex ones. The children constructed according to a ready-made model, according to diagrams, according to their own plans.

By playing Lego with children, we gained mathematical knowledge about counting, shape, proportion, and symmetry. Sensory representations develop as details are used different shapes, painted in primary colors.

We used Lego elements in classes to familiarize ourselves with the outside world and to develop speech.

After a detailed acquaintance with the construction set and the first joint construction experiences, the children began to play more often with Lego and independent activity, in a group, in free time.

In the next academic year we will continue to work on Lego construction, and this will not only be as an additional activity. payable service. Together with other teachers, over the summer we will develop a program for using Lego in mathematics classes. Children will establish what the object is like and how it differs from others; will master the ability to measure the width, length, height of objects; will begin to solve constructive problems; imaginative thinking will develop; During the classes, work will be done on the development of intelligence, imagination, and creative inclinations. Special attention will be devoted to the development of logical and spatial thinking

I would also like to say that design competitions are held annually in Moscow - IKaRenok- the only All-Russian competition for preschool children. Competitions IKaRenok included in the program "From kindergarten to production"

Competitive tests for students:

Defense of a creative project in accordance with the theme of the Forum.

“Agro-researchers” - team execution of tasks. Traveling through the “stations” of technical creativity, children perform various tasks aimed at developing constructive skills, attention, memory, logical thinking, creative imagination, ability to work in a team.

"Engineering book" containing detailed description stages of work on the project

This year, children, teachers and parents of one of the kindergartens of MADOU Joy attended these competitions. And we also strive for this.

Now we offer you a master class. It is at Ikarenok competitions that this is one of the tasks for children.

Organization: MBDOU Kindergarten No. 23

Locality: Perm region, Alexandrovsky district, Yayva village

* Give parents knowledge about the meaning of the toy, its role in the child’s play;

* Arm with knowledge about appropriate pedagogical selection of toys.

Psychologist: Dear parents! The main activity of four-year-old children is play. Children's play is inseparable from toys. Toys for a child are the “environment” that allows exploration the world, form and implement Creative skills, Express feelings; toys teach you to communicate and get to know yourself. Selecting toys is a serious and responsible matter. The child’s mood and progress in his development depend on the successful solution of this problem. So that you can navigate the vast elements of the toy market, we will talk about the most valuable and useful of them.

First, let's talk about what types of toys there are, what they are needed for, and what each of them can provide for development. Exist different types toys for preschool children.

Thematic, or figurative, toys - dolls, animal figurines, furniture, dishes, household items. The central place is given to the doll. While playing, the child seems to animate the doll, talking to it, trusting it with his secrets and joys, and showing care for it. This group of toys includes fairy-tale characters and those depicting animals and pets. Children feed them, bathe them, put them to bed, treat them, and go for walks with them.

Technical toys. These toys are increasingly becoming part of life. These include: transport, construction kits, all kinds of technical units. Particularly popular among children are a variety of Lego construction sets that develop fine motor skills, spatial orientation, thinking, and creativity.

Fun toys. These are funny figures of animals, animals, people, for example a bunny playing a drum, or a cook preparing scrambled eggs. They are based on movement, surprise, unexpectedness. Their purpose is to amuse children, cause laughter, empathy, joy, and cultivate a sense of humor.

Masquerade Christmas toys. They are associated with New Year celebrations. They resemble in some way this or that character (tail, beak, ears), but this is enough for children to play and live in the character.

Sports and motor toys. This is a special type of toy that helps increase motor activity children, development of coordination of movements, orientation in space.

Theater toys. These toys are figurative in content, but have a special purpose - they serve the purposes of aesthetic education, speech development, imagination. These include, for example, Parsley and bibabo dolls.

Musical toys. These are rattles, bells, bells, pipes, toys representing a piano, balalaikas and other musical instruments.

Didactic toys. These toys have a special place. By using didactic games children get acquainted with color, shape, size, etc. These include multi-colored inserts, nesting dolls, mosaics, puzzles, lotto, etc. These toys instill in children concentration, perseverance, dedication, the ability to get things done, and also promote development fine motor skills.

Construction toys. They consist of geometric bodies.

Among all the above toys, there are large ones, such as scooters, children's pedal cars, tractors, etc. Sitting at a table, a child will most likely want to play with small, stable toys, but for the street small toys no good.

Question for parents - Have you ever encountered the fact that your child has various toys, but he doesn't play with them?

(Parents' opinion)

Psychologist: Sometimes adults get upset, even angry at the child for not using the toys, not suspecting that he simply does not know how to play with all this. Toys themselves will not mean anything to a child if he does not know how and what to play with them. We advise you to play with toys with your child, prompting and showing actions with them.

By the age of 4, items that complement games, such as hats, bags with a red cross, robes, caps, binoculars, etc., become of particular importance for children. Ask the child how he will play with the toy, what else he will need. You can make the necessary attribute together with your own hands. At this age, the development of play comes not from toys, but from thought. If previously a toy prompted the child to play, then children of this age need some object as the game progresses; they can find a substitute for it or be content with costume parts, binoculars, hats, etc.

Children like to adapt surrounding objects for play, for example, an overturned chair can serve as a car. Children also need toys that they can make themselves from natural and household materials, for example from leaves, shells, spools, straws, threads, all kinds of boxes, bubbles.

Question to parents - What do you rely on when choosing a toy?

(Parents' opinion)

Psychologist: Sometimes adults buy toys at their own discretion, focusing on price, novelty, brightness. As a rule, they do not think about

pedagogical feasibility of toys. If you buy or give a child a lot of toys, then nothing will please him. He will easily break and throw away a toy, knowing that they will buy him a new one. If all the available toys are homogeneous, this will lead to monotony in the plot of the game. If there are two or three children in a family, then they should have both common and individual toys. Teach your child to clean up after themselves, this will help develop discipline and responsibility in the future.

Also, a toy can be useful and harmful.

Unfortunately, the toy that sells well is the one that appeals to adults. But often it is least suitable for children. The only thing about many current toys that is childish is that they are small. What should a toy be for a child? A source of joy, a motive for play. It must create conditions for development, leaving the opportunity for independent creativity. In contrast, modern toys, most often made according to Western models, leave no room for “plot conjecture.”

Question for parents: What is your attitude towards monster toys?

(Parents' opinion)

Psychologist: Nowadays there are a large number of toys on sale that have come off TV screens and “promoted” by children’s television series: Pokemon, monsters, Ninja Turtles, transformers-robots, Batman, Spider-Man - these toys contribute to the accumulation of aggressive fantasies of the child, which are often realized in life according to towards weaker ones - animals or small children.

What feelings do these toys foster in a baby? Thus, through an ugly toy, the child’s need for magic and fairy tales is cynically exploited. Adults seem to have forgotten that a toy is not just fun. She implants in the child’s soul the initial concepts of good and evil. And it’s dangerous if this happens in a game with a negative toy hero.

What's wrong with monsters, you say - they're just toys? The toy programs the child's behavior. Any action lost by the child

capable of reproducing itself in reality. If a child in a game is able to behave humanely, mercifully, and caringly, then he has a certain model of how this should be done. And vice versa, if a child in a game is forced to be aggressive, rude, cruel, this will certainly reproduce itself someday in a given situation. Since there is good and evil, ideal and anti-ideal, a toy can be an anti-toy.

If your child has been surrounded by representatives of evil spirits since childhood, then the ability for faith, compassion, empathy, and mercy will atrophy in him, perhaps forever.

Question for parents - Why do children like soft toys?

(Parents' opinion)

Psychologist: The most important purpose of a soft toy is to give the baby tenderness. This feature is used by psychotherapists and pediatricians. As practice shows, a fluffy bear, a cute elephant or a shaggy dog ​​can “cure” a child from fears and even bedwetting. A soft toy embodies some very deep needs of a small creature, and not only a human one.

American psychological researchers, the Harlow couple, while studying baby monkeys, discovered the following: if a monkey is given the opportunity to choose between two “surrogate mothers”, one of which is made of wire, but with a bottle of milk, and the other is made of faux fur, but without a bottle, then the frightened and the hungry cub chooses the second, soft and cozy, giving him a much-needed sense of security. It's no wonder that our little children love furry animals so much.

When buying toys, use simple rule: Toys should be selected, not collected!

Thank you for your attention!

References 1. Amelkina A. So that your son does not grow up to be a pig: How to choose the right books and toys for your child // Komsomolskaya Pravda. - 2002. - March 29. - P. 9. 2. Bukin A. Games and toys // Family. - 2000. - N 14. - P. 6. 3. Raising children through play: A manual for kindergarten teachers / comp. A.K. Bondarenko, A.I. Matusik. - M.: Education, 1983. 4. Children must play!// Preschool education: gas. Publishing house at home "First of September." - 2008. - No. 1. - P. 2.

Materials for the parent meeting “The role of toys in the life of a preschool child”

Krivosheina Olga Aleksandrovna teacher of MBDOU No. 130 "Child Development Center - Kindergarten", Kemerovo
Target: to form knowledge about the meaning of a toy, its role in a child’s life; equip with knowledge about appropriate pedagogical selection of toys.
Tasks:
- give parents an idea of ​​what a toy is;
- show the importance of a toy in a child’s life;
- introduce the types of toys and the requirements for them;
- give recommendations on the selection of toys.
Preliminary work: parent survey; conversation with children in order to identify their gaming preferences; preparation of consultations.
Equipment: laptop, projector, audio player, set of toys.

Main part.

Leading. Good evening, dear parents! I am glad to welcome you to the parent meeting “The Role of Toys in a Child’s Life.”
During the meeting, we will identify the importance of toys in a child’s life, get acquainted with the types of toys and anti-toys, and consider the requirements for choosing toys.
The development of a child’s rich emotional world is unthinkable without toys. They allow the child to express his feelings, explore the world around him, teach him to communicate and get to know himself.
Just as it is impossible to imagine a child outside of play, almost no game is complete without a toy. It helps clarify and comprehend the child’s ideas about the environment and contributes to the development of its plot. Play, as an independent children's activity, is formed during the upbringing and education of a child; it contributes to their mastering the experience of human activity. The toy, in this case, acts as a kind of standard for those objects whose purpose can be learned and mastered. various actions with which the child should. Play, as a form of organizing a child’s life, is important because it serves the development of the child’s psyche and personality. Game and toy are inseparable from each other. A toy can give rise to a game, and the game, sometimes, requires a new toy for development.

Types of toys.

In modern pedagogy, a more detailed classification of toys, adopted in theory and practice preschool education, is the classification of E. A. Flerina. This classification is based on various aspects of mental and physical development child:
- motor sports toys - ball, hoop, jumping ropes, skittles, volleyball, spillikins, mosaics, etc. – contribute to the development of large and fine motor skills, the eye;
- story toys - people, animals, transport, furniture, etc. - contribute to the development of creative imitative play, through which the child identifies, consolidates and deepens his social experience;
- creative work toy – all kinds of building materials, construction sets, various models, etc. – develops design abilities and invention;
- technical toy – different kinds cars, toy cameras, kaleidoscopes, telescopes, etc. – also develops design abilities, expands technical horizons, directs interest in construction and technology;
- board games - contribute to the development of intelligence, attention, familiarity with shape, color, size, mastering literacy and counting, and also organize children's groups in games with rules;
- funny toy– a jumping bunny, a quacking duck, a bird with a twirling tail, etc. – develops a sense of humor;
- musical toys - singing birds, primitive musical instruments, toys with a musical melody - serve as a means of developing musical hearing;
- theatrical toys - shadow theater, toy theater, puppets - lead to their own theatrical play, extremely enriching children's artistic perception.
Leading.
- What do you think is the meaning of a children's toy?

The meaning of a children's toy.

For society, a toy is the most important element of culture (“mirror of culture”).
For an adult, a toy is the most important component of the educational environment.
For a child, a toy is a source of joy, an object for creativity, a psychological means for a child to master the objective world and his own behavior.

Functions of toys.

1. Cognitive.
The toy allows you to explore the world.
2. Creative.
The toy promotes the formation of creative abilities.
3. Psychotherapeutic.
The toy allows you to express and live your feelings.
4. Communicative.
Communication with a toy contributes to the formation of internal dialogue and inner peace. Teaches how to communicate with other people.
5. Formation of the self-image.

The toy promotes awareness of one's capabilities. Expanding the scope of the child’s autonomy and competence.
6. Relaxation.

In order for a toy to perform the functions listed above, you must be very careful when choosing it.

Modern toys and anti-toys for children.

Modern toys for children are a wide range of products for every age, taste and budget. Unlike the not-so-distant past, in our country there are now no strict restrictions and regulations on the sale of children's goods, so manufacturers try to sell everything that has any demand, and sometimes artificially “warm up” this demand. This is how “anti-toys” appear among children’s toys.
An anti-toy is a toy that does not meet the criterion of spiritual and moral safety.

Some examples of anti-toys.

Hermaphrodite toys (dolls with the appearance of girls, but with the primary genital organs of boys), extremely destructive for the child’s psyche, introducing sexual perversions and other psychophysical destruction into the minds of children.
Toys that develop sadistic tendencies, in particular, are offered “ interactive toy” entitled “Mad Chicken”, in the description of which the manufacturer states the following: “The chicken flaps its wings and moves its legs. She dances great to the music! But if you take her by the neck, she will begin to make dying moans and try to escape from your hands. You can't miss this show. And as soon as you let go of the “Mad Chicken,” she will continue the concert, dancing merrily and flapping her wings to the fiery music.”
The toy market has introduced “toys” in the form of microbes and viruses, including HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, dysentery, mad cow disease, and “toys” that imitate human genitalia.
“Toys” that imitate human feces are offered.
“Toys” are widespread, involving children in the implementation of occult-religious magical rituals, mystifying their consciousness.
We offer “gag” toys that imitate human injuries, representing amputated limbs and other parts of the human body, for example: “a child’s bloody hand”, “a child’s foot”, “a vampire’s head”, “a foot in a car”, “throwing snot”, “hand with claws”, “skull with eye”
The increase in the number of facts of delivery to Russia and the distribution in Russia of anti-toys that are clearly damaging to the psyche of Russian children should motivate parents to carefully and thoughtfully choose toys for their children.

Types of anti-toys and their harm to the child.

1.Scary toys. Not all scary toys are bad. After all, even in the kindest folk tales There are negative characters with whom the good heroes fight and win. The purpose of a scary toy is to teach your child to overcome his fear. This fear should be conditional and predictable, just like the toy itself. For example, the heroes of Russian fairy tales or modern cartoons are familiar to a child from childhood, he knows how to deal with them, knows their weaknesses and characteristics. Such a toy should be conventional, without unnecessary details - the child will come up with them independently, to the best of his own imagination and mental stability.
But modern scary toys tend to be overly detailed. Cyborgs, which are a terrible parody of a person, dolls with distorted faces, monsters, the creators of which have drawn prominent muscles, scars, and warts - such saturation with details overloads the child’s psyche, irritates him, and leads to the appearance of uncontrollable fears.
Another problem with modern toys and popular heroes is that their external and internal contents do not have a clear connection. For example, when a "superhero" fights a "supervillain", they may only differ in the color of their clothing and badge. Or a disgusting monster turns out to be a kind and sweet creature. Such a discrepancy causes dissonance in young children, blurring the line between good and bad, between good and evil.
The harm from scary toys is especially great if the child begins to play “on their side” and allows them to do evil in games with impunity. In this case, more attention should be paid moral education child, communicate more with him, read good children's books, limit watching violent films and television shows.
2. Overly detailed toys. Detail is a problem not only with monsters, but with most modern toys in general. Previously, children were made dolls from socks, with buttons instead of eyes, and these toys were the most beloved - the child himself came up with and imagined the missing details, the character of the doll and its history.
Modern dolls sometimes it is difficult to distinguish them from living people - their bodies, clothes, faces with pronounced emotions are so carefully designed. There is nothing left to “think out” here. If the toy is a character from a popular cartoon or book, then it’s impossible to come up with a story. Often a child, while playing, repeats episodes from the cartoon over and over again, without introducing anything new. This negatively affects the development of the baby’s fantasy and imagination.
3. Toys that lead to a shift in generally accepted values. To interest consumers, manufacturers of modern toys produce the most unusual products that do not fit into the norms of traditional morality. Real-life examples include: transvestite dolls, undead dolls, plush feces and much more. Little girls are offered to play with a child's striptease pole, as well as with a realistic baby doll that imitates the process of breastfeeding. It is obvious that a child, whose psyche has not yet fully formed, cannot adequately evaluate toys, which sometimes shock even an adult.
Once again about the Barbie doll
It would seem that what could be harmful about Barbie dolls? Among the mass of modern toys, they look quite harmless. Barbies are not ugly, do not call for cruelty, and do not contradict the norms of generally accepted morality. And yet, many psychologists warn parents against buying their children this still fashion toys.
Why? Firstly, when playing with dolls, especially for young children, the main thing is to show care and tenderness. Such games are the earliest preparation of girls for motherhood. The Barbie doll does not look like a child and does not evoke a desire to babysit and take care of her, and does not develop the maternal instinct in girls.
In addition, these dolls are very realistic, but at the same time the proportions of their faces and bodies are distorted: excessively big eyes, too much long legs, too much thin waist. Because modern society recognizes this type of appearance as almost a standard to strive for; for most girls, playing with such dolls gives rise to dissatisfaction with their own appearance.
Of course, not all modern toys are bad. But the modern ideology of “sell everything you buy” contributes to flooding the children's toy market with a huge amount of real garbage. And, if you do not consider such products useful for your child, the best option– make toys for him yourself. And even though the wooden car doesn’t have a windshield or even wheels, and the doll’s thread hair doesn’t look too much like real hair. Such toys develop the baby’s imagination and let him understand: even in modern world Not everything of value can be bought with money.
Before the parent meeting, we conducted a survey, the results of which you can see on the screen.
The most interesting thing for us is what modern parents pay attention to when choosing toys.
What rules do you think should be followed when choosing toys?

Requirements and principles of toy examination

Every adult, parent and educator, should be able to choose toys for children based on criteria.
A. Medical and environmental requirements: what is the toy made of, is there a quality certificate, are small parts firmly attached, etc.
B. Pedagogical requirements: what will the toy teach? What skills and abilities, creative abilities will it develop?
B. Psychological requirements: what does the toy convey? What feelings will it awaken in the child?
D. Aesthetic requirements: does the toy correspond to ideas about beauty, does it develop a sense of beauty and harmony?
D. Spiritual and moral requirements: what values ​​does the toy convey, does it contribute to the formation of moral consciousness, conscience, the distinction between good and evil, the desire to follow moral standards?
Let us consider in more detail the pedagogical criteria for choosing toys.

Toys for children: pedagogical selection criteria.

When purchasing toys, caring parents should focus primarily on the choice of the child himself: he should want the toy, it should be interesting to him. And the task of adults is to choose the most correct and useful from all the children’s “I want”. There are several criteria for selecting toys.
Simplicity. A design that combines too many properties and functions disorients the baby. For example, a plastic squirrel on wheels with a built-in telephone would not be considered an educational toy. It is better and healthier to offer your child toys that have a clear purpose.
Quality. The low quality of the toy simply will not allow the child to perform the actions for which it was purchased. A bunny's tail falling off or the wheels of a car spinning poorly do not in any way contribute to the development of the baby's skills.
Stimulation of activity. Often children ask to buy them a toy as a gift that they saw from friends, or a doll - an exact copy of some cartoon character. The child is especially interested in objects that can be done with: disassembled and assembled, extracted sounds or transformed. Children are attracted to elements of novelty, and these toys keep them curious and active.
Independence of the child's actions. Toys should contribute to the child’s desire to act independently and boldly solve the most complex problems. If playing with an item requires outside help, for example, the need to hold something, find a lever or press a button - the baby will quickly lose interest in such a “game”.
Ethics and aesthetics. A toy is a significant participant in the educational process. It should evoke good feelings and develop humane qualities of character. Toys that promote the formation of destructive qualities: cruelty, aggression, anger are unacceptable. Bloody masks, various monsters and monsters are not the best options for children's toys.
History and culture. When giving preference to purchasing one or another toy, such aspects should also be taken into account. Designer toys (dolls, wooden crafts, various cute animals) develop good taste. Retro toys allow you to touch the history of your people.

Typical mistakes when choosing children's toys

Adults quite often choose toys for children, focusing on their own taste and personal preferences, so they make a number of typical mistakes, among them:
1) Purchasing giant plush products. Those objects that a child cannot pick up are not toys. It is more likely a part of the interior or a gift for an adult;
2) Buying many of the same type of toys. The rooms of modern children are similar to Detsky Mir stores. And the child, meanwhile, plays with two or three of his favorite ones;
3) High cost and popularity with other children or their parents are not the best guidelines for buying a toy for your child. When going shopping at Children's World, it is worth discussing their preferences in detail with your children;
4) Toys for children should never be purchased from random kiosks. Toxic materials, poorly secured small parts and parts are far from full list dangers that could lead to serious problems. It is better to go to a specialized store where sellers can provide quality certificates, huge selection toys for boys, games for girls, gifts and simply useful and important products for children.
So, the “right” toy for a child should have developmental potential, be educationally useful and be absolutely safe.

How to choose safe children's toys?

It’s easy to get lost among all the variety of children’s toys. At the same time, a children's toy should not only please the child and be interesting to him, but also be suitable for his age, be safe, and meet many regulations and standards.

Rules for choosing children's toys, according to Rospotrebnadzor specialists

When choosing a toy, take a closer look at it and examine it, read everything that is written on the package. It is important to pay attention to:
Material. The toy must be made from safe materials. Don't buy toys made from natural fur and tree bark; in addition, leather toys are not recommended for children under 3 years of age. When choosing soft toys, it is worth remembering that they must have dense and well-stitched pile, as they can shed. also in soft toys Bacteria accumulate and can become a source of infections, so this is not the best option for the youngest children and those who are prone to allergic reactions.
Form. The toy must be free of sharp protruding parts, burrs and sharp corners that could injure the child.
A color that should be as natural as possible. Firstly, this does not violate the child’s understanding of the real world, and secondly, toys of “poisonous colors” can frighten children and contain “toxic” dyes. You should also avoid black and bright red toys; they may be poorly received by the child.
Smell. Feel free to sniff the toy right in the store. She shouldn't have a lasting unpleasant odor, and if it does, it means it is made of “toxic” materials.
Instructions that should be studied in advance, even before purchase. Instructions for the correct use of the toy can be printed on the toy itself, on the packaging and label, or in the form of an insert.
Subject. Buy toys that will not harm the child’s psyche. Psychologists do not recommend buying children various monsters, mutants, etc.
Realism. Rospotrebnadzor specialists recommend choosing toys that are similar to real animals or people so that the child can draw an analogy.
Sound - it should not irritate the ear or frighten the child. If the toy has musical accompaniment, listen to all the melodies before purchasing and make sure that the baby will not be scared. In addition, pay attention to the sound volume or the ability to adjust it.
By the way, when buying musical wind toys, pay attention to the places where they come into contact with children’s lips - they should be made of easily disinfected materials that do not absorb moisture.
Details. Fixed parts of toys made of hard materials, such as metal, wood or plastic, must be installed so that the child cannot grasp them with his teeth. If parts are separated from the toy, they should not have sharp edges or ends.
Age of the child. When choosing a toy, be sure to pay attention to the age for which the toy is intended:
The place where you buy toys. Buy toys in specialized stores, do not buy toys “from hand” in places of unauthorized trade.
Leading.
- And now I invite you to take part in a small experiment.