Toxicosis is an unpleasant condition that often occurs during pregnancy. Toxicosis of pregnant women is a range of diseases that complicate the course of pregnancy.

We are accustomed to thinking that toxicosis manifests itself in the morning. And this is often what happens. There are reasonable explanations for this, because it is in the morning that the level of glucose in the body is reduced, the body is weak and toxicosis operates in full force. If you eat or drink something sweet and nutritious in time, toxicosis will subside.

Can toxicosis occur in the evening?

Some pregnant women complain specifically about evening attacks of lightheadedness. After a hard and stressful day, especially if during it the woman ate almost nothing, the body is exhausted and again easily succumbs to the attacks of insidious toxicosis.

Evening toxicosis interferes with sleep, it is necessary to fight it, because a pregnant woman needs proper rest. To prevent the manifestations of toxicosis, you should not overeat suddenly when you come home from work. It is better to eat small portions throughout the day and drink more fluids - water, freshly squeezed juices, fruit drinks.

You can cope with an attack of nausea with the help of sour fruits and berries - kiwi, grapefruit, green apples, lingonberries, currants.

If you suffer from toxicosis in the evenings during pregnancy, make it a point to take a walk before bed. Fresh air works wonders. Especially if your spouse supports you in this, a walk will help you take your mind off unpleasant thoughts and give you good mood. Favorable emotional condition and more fresh air before bed is a pledge healthy sleep and quality restoration.

Be that as it may, don't despair. Toxicosis during pregnancy is a common occurrence that goes away around the 12th week. Soon you will forget about it and begin to fully enjoy your new pregnant state.

Toxicosis during pregnancy early stages: how to deal with it

The joy of a woman who discovers that she will soon become a mother is often overshadowed by the deterioration of well-being that follows this news: nausea, vomiting, fatigue, odor intolerance, hypersalivation (increased salivation). Not everyone experiences these symptoms, but most expectant mothers experience at least some of the “delights” of this frequent pregnancy companion.

Toxicosis during early pregnancy does not necessarily manifest itself as nausea. It has many other “guises” - we will now talk about them, as well as the causes of toxicosis and ways to get rid of it.

How does toxicosis manifest itself in the early stages?

Toxicosis of pregnant women is a complex of symptoms observed in women expecting a child, associated with the adaptation of the mother’s body to the fetus that has “settled” in it.

Signs of toxicosis in early pregnancy:

• nausea and vomiting;
• apathy;
• intolerance to certain odors;
• perversion of taste preferences or simply a change in taste preferences (for example, a woman begins to eat pickles as a bite with ice cream, or a lover suddenly no longer tolerates it and greedily pounces on previously unloved bananas).

Symptoms of toxicosis are not always standard. Typical manifestations include morning toxicosis and evening toxicosis (if a woman goes to bed on a full stomach). After vomiting there is usually relief.

In the early stages, this is how toxicosis normally manifests itself. Toxicosis in the first half of pregnancy also has other signs.

• dermatoses (skin rashes, itching);
• ptyalism (increased salivation);
• increased appetite.

In the latter case, a woman cannot endure the state of hunger either in the morning or in the evening. Many people think that their appetite simply increases due to the formation of the fetus, but in fact this is what a special form of toxicosis looks like. It is hunger that provokes the feeling of nausea, which disappears after eating (biscuits, crackers).

Ptyalism, which torments a woman at the beginning of pregnancy and frequent vomiting (more than 8 times a day), is dangerous due to dehydration in its extreme manifestations.

ABOUT The most severe form is considered to be bronchial asthma. Fortunately, it is observed extremely rarely.

Why toxicosis occurs in the first months of coexistence between mother and fetus, doctors still cannot say for sure.

Doctors divide the causes of early toxicosis in pregnant women into:

• hormonal;
• immunological;
• neuropsychological.

Another reason for early toxicosis in pregnant women is women: the fetus’s body is a foreign protein, because two people participate in its conception: a man and a woman, so the maternal immune cells “defenders” are trying to deal with the “stranger.” But nature is intelligent even in the early stages the immune system undergoes changes, the overall immune response decreases, but locally, at the site of implantation, it becomes more active. This occurs during pregnancy in the very early stages, until the placenta is formed, and with it the fetoplacental barrier.

Toxicosis also occurs due to “unusual” concentrations of hormones: and. An increase in their level affects the subcortical substance of the brain. At the beginning of pregnancy, restructuring begins nervous system: she does not have time to adapt to the powerful and dramatic hormonal changes that occur in the early stages.

The most vulnerable centers responsible for the gag reflex and salivation are affected first. Therefore, toxicosis in pregnant women begins with these symptoms (vomiting, nausea, sometimes saliva flows in large quantities, poor health).

But all these manifestations are transient and, in most cases, do not require treatment; they end on their own. At this time, the formation of the placenta ends, it takes over hormonal processes and the symptoms of toxicosis cease. U expectant mother vigor and good mood appear.

In addition, progesterone has a relaxing effect on the muscles of the uterus so that it does not contract and “throw out” the fetus. The smooth muscle apparatus of the intestine also relaxes, and the contents are retained in it. The gastrointestinal tract works slowly and does not remove metabolic products well. As a result, women develop toxicosis.

Psychological reasons: a woman may be nervous (and she may experience excitement on a subconscious level, although this does not appear outwardly) about a change in her social status. She is worried about her financial situation and fears for the health and well-being of her unborn child. All this leads to unpleasant symptoms of toxicosis. In women who are calm about themselves and about their child, toxicosis goes away faster and does not manifest itself so clearly. Practice shows that among women who are active in the workplace, managers, and entrepreneurs, who have a burden of responsibility on their shoulders, toxicosis develops earlier and lasts longer.

When does toxicosis begin during early pregnancy?

Early toxicosis of pregnant women begins when the fertilized egg is firmly attached to the wall of the uterus and begins to release substances it produces into the blood of the mother’s body. This is usually the fifth or .

Sometimes women experience lightheadedness from the first days of the delay. How long toxicosis lasts and when it ends is individual for each pregnant woman. But by the end of the first trimester the situation should normalize.

Ginger is also used in its pure form - not necessarily as a component of the drink. To make it easier to get through the difficult period of the first trimester, have a piece of ginger root on hand: chew it Hard time or just rub it on your tongue. A sharp attack of lightheadedness will help with a piece of ice, which you need to hold in your mouth. Make ice ahead of time.

The measures described above will help eliminate toxicosis if it is mild, and alleviate its symptoms if the doctor has established a moderate degree of toxicosis.

Moderate symptoms:

• constant or frequent nausea;
• vomiting up to 10 times a day;
• weight loss up to 3 kg.

Toxicosis can become especially severe if a woman is forced to go to work, where she has to constantly be on edge. Then it is often possible to stop the manifestations of the pathological condition only in a hospital. At home, you can only ease attacks and reduce the intensity of symptoms, but you will not be able to cope with severe toxicosis on your own. You can only escape from terrible severe toxicosis and save the fetus in a hospital.

Severe toxicosis in early pregnancy

The causes of severe toxicosis in the early stages are sharp jumps hormonal levels, the presence of chronic diseases in a pregnant woman. Although again it should be noted that no one can yet name the exact reasons.

Severe toxicosis in early pregnancy is expressed in:

• vomiting up to 20 times a day;
• apathetic state;
• dehydration;
• arrhythmias;
• hypotension;
• sudden weight loss.

Clinical blood parameters worsen: the level of leukocytes increases, due to dehydration, the level of creatinine and urea increases. Severe toxicosis during pregnancy requires urgent medical intervention. Terrible toxicosis threatens miscarriage, as well as a serious deterioration in the patient’s condition.

Treatment in a hospital helps eliminate even the most severe toxicosis. In the future, the pregnant woman will have to be especially attentive to her condition, as there is a risk of late toxicosis during the third trimester.

Treatment

Medical care for toxicosis in the early stages consists of prescribing special medications that normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and help remove toxins from the body.

The fight against toxicosis in the early stages of pregnancy begins with placing the patient in a hospital and examination.

One of the main drugs that quickly relieves vomiting is cerucal. If a woman does not have a fever (and with an average degree there is a subfebrile condition) and more or less normal indicators blood, sometimes cerucal in tablets and an enterosorbent (for example, enterosgel) are enough.

Intravenous drip administration of saline, glucose, saline solutions: Ringer's and others (you need to put in a drip) helps to quickly relieve the symptoms of intoxication and dehydration.

If rare forms of toxicosis are observed (for example, without vomiting, but with bright skin manifestations), treatment must be adjusted with the participation of specialized specialists (for example, a dermatologist and an allergist).

Often used for moderate and severe toxicosis such medicines:

• Chophytol;
• Polysorb;
• Kokkulin;
• Zofran;
• Metoclopramide;
• Essentiale forte.

Hophytol protects the liver from damage. It effectively reduces the level of urea in the blood and improves blood supply to the placenta. Acts as a mild diuretic and choleretic.

Polysorb, Enterosgel, as well as Filtrum and Smecta are adsorbents that absorb metabolic products and gently remove them. Medicines are not absorbed into the blood and are absolutely safe for the fetus. The dosage is prescribed by the doctor.

Drugs that are safe and indirectly help with toxicosis include no-spa. It relieves spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. You should drink it as recommended by your gynecologist.

It is difficult to completely cure toxicosis in the first trimester. But you can relieve many symptoms and thereby make your life easier. Over time, toxicosis should go away on its own. This happens by the second trimester.

Nutrition for pregnant women with toxicosis in the early stages has its own characteristics. You don’t need to follow any special strict diet, but you should adjust your diet as best as possible.

During the first three months, to prevent attacks of severe toxicosis, it is necessary to ease the work of the intestines as much as possible, for which you eat more fruits and vegetables, and reduce the amount of meat.

It is easier to survive toxicosis if you eat fractionally, that is, divide food into small portions and snack often and little by little, without waiting strong feeling hunger.

Food products must contain all the substances necessary for the fetus. Lean on dairy products: kefir, cottage cheese, cottage cheese casserole. You can prepare liquid semolina porridge - for some reason it helps some people to escape from faintness and not lose weight.

There is no need to force yourself to eat - if you don’t have an appetite, you need to wait, chew a piece of ginger, peel or lemon.

But you definitely need to drink at least 1.5 liters of water per day, especially if you are vomiting. You can save yourself from morning sickness by freezing an ice cube with lemon juice and in the morning, on an empty stomach, swallowing it. Only the cube should be very small.

Proper nutrition should help prevent the development of toxicosis. But there is no single recipe for everyone. Select products, arrange them the way you like, even if they are strange and outlandish combinations at first glance, find your own way to cope with negative manifestations. And remember: early toxicosis is normal. He does not talk about the danger of miscarriage and other pathologies. It’s just that the mother’s and child’s bodies adapt to each other. You just have to be patient and everything will work out. Only severe cases with a potential threat to life require consultation with a doctor. But, fortunately, they are rare.

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Why does toxicosis occur in the 1st trimester of pregnancy?

Toxicosis is a pathological condition inherent in pregnant women different dates. Manifested by nausea and vomiting, pale skin, deterioration in general health. There are several types of this phenomenon, depending on the complexity and time of day when toxicosis most often appears. Nausea and vomiting in a pregnant woman in the evening are associated with physical and emotional exhaustion throughout the day. How to prevent evening toxicosis, and why does it occur during normal pregnancy?

In the first trimester of pregnancy, almost every woman experiences nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant phenomena that are associated with the restructuring of the body and its adaptation. Evening toxicosis or gestosis is more often vulnerable, that is, in the first month of pregnancy, it is also divided into three stages, depending on the duration of attacks and frequency.

1. The first stage is characterized by infrequent vomiting, mainly during the daytime. Nausea occurs no more than five times a day and no negative consequences does not have.
2. The second stage is manifested by frequent vomiting up to ten times a day, especially in the evening. At the same time, a pregnant woman can lose a lot of weight up to 10 kg, her arterial pressure, skin color changes, permanent headache.
3. The third stage is the most severe and is characterized by frequent attacks; nausea and vomiting accompany the woman all day and intensify in the evening against the background of exhaustion of the body. A woman’s body temperature rises, her blood pressure changes, her general health worsens, she loses a lot of weight and becomes exhausted.

Late toxicosis, which is observed already at latest dates less pronounced during pregnancy. Women feel dizzy in the evening, experience nausea and rare bouts of vomiting. Significant weight loss does not occur, and the main reason remains emotional shock during the day.

Evening toxicosis: causes

Psychological discomfort is the cause of evening toxicosis

Only the attending physician can identify why women develop gestosis, but it is so common and common occurrence among pregnant women, that the tactics of help are known in advance, but this does not always help get rid of painful nausea and vomiting in the evening, and sometimes at night.

What can trigger evening toxicosis?

Multiple, early, late pregnancy.

1. Growth of the placenta, active production of the hormone progesterone.
2. Pathological changes in a woman’s body: impaired growth of the uterus, nervous disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases internal organs, underdevelopment of the uterus, abnormalities of the uterine receptor apparatus.
3. A sharp change in the hormonal levels of a pregnant woman.
4. Chronic infectious processes in the body.
5. Age factor, unhealthy lifestyle, difficulties in giving up bad habits, psychological discomfort.

These are the main negative risk factors for the development of evening toxicosis at different stages of pregnancy. In addition, nausea, dizziness, migraines, vomiting can be caused by poor diet, climate change, external factors, time of year. It is important to remember that in the early stages a woman begins to eat more and combine different foods, which can cause evening nausea and severe vomiting. Therefore, there is no single reason for this phenomenon, and some women do not even know what toxicosis is during the entire period of pregnancy. All factors and features of the manifestation of toxicosis are individual for each woman.

What causes evening toxicosis?

Concomitant symptoms of evening nausea and vomiting may include indigestion, severe headache, tremors, and increased sweating.

The main symptoms of toxicosis at different stages of pregnancy

If there are more than two symptoms that appear predominantly in the afternoon, we can talk about evening toxicosis.

Prevention of evening toxicosis

It is quite difficult to prevent toxicosis in early pregnancy; nausea is either present or not. If there is a fear of such a disorder or vomiting has already appeared, experts recommend following the following rules.

1. Immediately consult a doctor for an examination and search for hidden diseases.
2. Compliance proper nutrition, which is best discussed with a nutritionist.
3. Regularly carry out steam inhalations, which will reduce the urge to vomit.
4. You can prepare herbal teas, visit a physiotherapy room: acupuncture, electrosleep, hypnosis.
5. Eat often throughout the day, but in very small portions.
6. Use medications of any kind with caution.
7. Always check with your doctor about home treatment choices, as not all natural plants and herbs are equally safe during pregnancy.

The main method of preventing toxicosis in the early and later Pregnancy requires timely treatment of chronic systemic diseases, because it is problems in the body that trigger this pathological process.

It has been proven that pregnant women with chronic diseases are several times more likely to encounter serious toxicosis, which can last the entire period of pregnancy and have a negative impact on the expectant mother and child. That is why the issue of planning pregnancy, especially early or, on the contrary, late, is so important. First you need to improve your health female body so that he can normally perform his reproductive function.

The guess has been confirmed: you will soon be a mother. And then you immediately remember your friends’ stories about the horror of the first months of pregnancy. When in the morning, just looking at food, nausea rises in your throat.

And what are the heartbreaking stories about how you can’t even lift your head from the pillow in the morning, and you will feel sick at least ten times a day and everywhere: in transport, at work, at a party. Just awful. What if the same happens to you? And in general, what is early toxicosis - an inevitable disease of pregnant women or its temporary manifestations?

Our consultant, obstetrician-gynecologist at Kyiv Maternity Hospital No. 7, Nila Fedorovna ERMAKOVA, will answer these questions and help you cope with “morning sickness.”

What is early toxicosis?

Most often it is nausea and vomiting. Although early toxicosis can manifest itself with profuse salivation, less often with dermatoses, and even more rarely with jaundice of pregnant women.

However, toxicosis should not be confused with mild illness. If nausea and vomiting appear no more than 2-3 times a day, more often on an empty stomach in the morning, this is normal. The general condition of the expectant mother does not worsen.

If vomiting occurs more than 3 times a day, your appetite decreases, taste and olfactory sensations change, if salivation increases significantly, you lose weight before your eyes - this is early toxicosis. It begins approximately a week after conception, and by week 20, nausea and vomiting will most likely cease to torment the pregnant woman.

There are mild, moderate and severe toxicosis:

• mild degree- vomiting occurs no more than 3-5 times a day, after meals, and does not affect the general condition of the expectant mother. Goes away on its own by 2-3 months of pregnancy
• average degree- regardless of food intake, nausea and vomiting occur up to 10-12 times a day. Body weight decreases, weakness appears, heart rate increases, skin becomes dry, the amount of urine produced decreases
• severe- vomiting is repeated up to 20 or more times a day, accompanied by a significant deterioration in the condition of the pregnant woman. Hunger and dehydration lead to exhaustion, weight loss, and loss of strength. A woman’s skin becomes dry and flabby, and the smell of acetone is felt in her mouth. Heart rate increases, blood pressure decreases, body temperature rises, acetone appears in the urine

Salivation- may be accompanied by vomiting or manifest as an independent symptom of early toxicosis. The amount of saliva secreted per day reaches 1-1.5 liters. Such strong drooling cannot but affect the psyche of a pregnant woman: she becomes irritable and nervous. With very strong salivation, symptoms of dehydration appear.

Why do you feel sick in the morning?

It is still impossible to say unequivocally about the cause of early toxicosis. Most likely, toxicoses of pregnancy are explained by changes in the woman’s body that are associated with the development ovum. Vomiting of the expectant mother is also explained by poisoning the body with toxic metabolic products.

In addition, it is believed that it may be associated with the impact of “foreign” (father’s) fetal particles on the mother’s body. It is possible that the development of early toxicosis is influenced by psychogenic factors (negative emotions, fear of pregnancy and childbirth). Disturbances in the relationship between the central nervous system and internal organs play an important role in the development of the disease.

A few words about rarer forms of toxicosis

Dermatoses ( itchy skin, eczema) appear at different stages of pregnancy and disappear along with it. It may itch a small area of ​​skin or the entire body. Moreover, this itching can cause insomnia and irritability. The main thing is to exclude others skin diseases. A gynecologist together with a dermatologist will help you with this.

Jaundice in pregnant women most often occurs when late toxicosis, but can also appear in the early stages. It is believed that excess sex hormones during pregnancy cause increased bile production.

Who is more likely to develop early toxicosis?

If the expectant mother is healthy, she most likely will not have any manifestations of early toxicosis at all. Morning sickness and vomiting are influenced by the state of a woman’s body before conception.

Therefore, pregnant women with chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract, liver, thyroid and other ailments, “morning sickness” develops. Predispose to toxicosis induced abortions, unhealthy diet, nervous stress, lack of sleep, smoking and drinking alcohol.

What to do?

Don't wait for improvement with folded hands. This is fraught with the development of severe toxicosis, when vomiting becomes very frequent. As soon as the first symptoms appear, contact your obstetrician-gynecologist. Usually, therapy started on time allows you to quickly eliminate troubles.

Walking is very useful during this period. It is better to eat in small portions, and the food should not be hot. Weigh yourself regularly. If your weight drops sharply, consult a doctor quickly. Otherwise, uncontrollable vomiting may occur. You cannot bring yourself to such a state.

Even if you have experienced the difficulties of early toxicosis, be strong. After all, there is something to fight for. A child who never stops growing and developing for a minute is an incomparable joy.

Contact your gynecologist, he will definitely refer you for a clinical examination ( general analysis blood and urine biochemical tests) and prescribe treatment.

Mild toxicosis can be treated on an outpatient basis, while more severe forms must be treated in a hospital. Given the short duration of pregnancy, and to eliminate the harmful effects of drugs on the fetus, non-drug treatment methods are often used: physiotherapy, herbal and aromatherapy. Tincture “for toxicosis”: mint (leaves) - 2 tsp, valerian (root) - 1 tsp, marigold (flowers) - 2 tsp, yarrow (herb) - 2 tsp. Pour 400 ml of boiling water over the mixture. Leave for 30 minutes, strain. Drink 50 ml 6 times a day, in three courses of 25 days with 15-day breaks.

What to do right now?

Persistence and faith that everything will be fine will help you deal with all the difficulties of pregnancy. We also offer some useful tips:

• During this period, eat whatever you want. However, do not forget that food should be easily digestible and contain a large number of vitamins During toxicosis, try to make breakfast consist of light food: apple, banana, dried fruit, cheese sandwich. The ideal option is to drink real lemonade on an empty stomach (water, lemon juice and honey), a glass of freshly squeezed apple juice or cranberry juice, rosehip infusion with honey and lemon juice;
• eat small portions every 2-3 hours. Frequent chewing (salted crackers, nuts, dried fruits, lemon) greatly helps with nausea;
• food should be chilled or slightly warmed;
• if you are drooling, it is good to rinse your mouth with infusion of chamomile, sage, mint;

To prevent early toxicosis, try:

• do not wear tight clothes;
• avoid stuffy and unventilated rooms; do not smoke yourself and avoid communicating with smokers;
• carry with you a lemon, cut into pieces so that you can always suck it, and a small thermos with mint infusion;
• Sometimes the smell of food causes nausea. Therefore, ventilate the room more often;
• Sometimes nausea and toxicosis are caused by excessive fatigue. Therefore, it is better to go to bed at 10-11 pm. Rest after lunch, and if this is not possible, sit and relax with the window open.

How dangerous is early toxicosis?

With mild and moderate severity The prognosis for the disease is usually favorable. Still, it’s better to get treatment. Sometimes in everyday life early toxicosis is considered almost the norm: who, they say, does not feel sick during pregnancy? Don't reassure yourself. If the symptoms of early toxicosis (nausea, drooling, vomiting) intensify, you need help! If a pregnant woman develops severe toxicosis, the question of terminating the pregnancy may arise due to a threat to the body of the expectant mother. But this is only in the most severe cases.

What is the benefit of early toxicosis?

Firstly, if the expectant mother has signs of early mild toxicosis, then the pregnancy is proceeding normally. It is much worse if a woman does not feel pregnant at all - this may indicate a frozen pregnancy. In addition, toxicosis of pregnant women is a kind of mechanism that provides the baby only with those nutrients that are vital for him.

This means that if you cannot tolerate certain foods, even the smell, your baby does not need them. Therefore, do not force yourself to eat healthy, but unloved, and “absorb” what is in this moment accepted by your body.