Microclimate of preschool institutions. On the requirements for the microclimate of premises in general education and preschool organizations. Ways to achieve ideal parameters

Heating started later than usual this year. The country, after all, is moving towards Europe! It goes so fast that the gas can’t keep up with it... In general, someone didn’t agree with someone, someone didn’t purchase, someone wasn’t given a loan, something burst somewhere, etc. In short , it’s + 5 °C outside, and the batteries are cold.

Every day there were reports on TV about unfortunate children freezing in kindergartens. It’s only +17 °C, the kids are in sweaters, but they’re courageous: they’re jumping, smiling... Close-up of indignant mothers. They certainly understand the seriousness of the situation: it’s a nightmare, we need to do something, we’ll freeze the children!

Well, finally, WE WAITED! The heating was turned on. Feel better. Feel better.

The thermometers crept up, quickly overcame the symbolic 20 °C, left behind the normal 22 °C, jumped over the comfortable 25 °C and finally froze at the level of a warm 28-30 °C.

Everyone calmed down. Mothers are happy, journalists have lost interest, children... And what, exactly, are children? Let them take off their sweaters and rejoice quickly. Why faster? Yes, because there is not long left to rejoice...

We all understand perfectly well: the air temperature in children's rooms preschool institutions(DDU) cannot be the way the kindergarten director, nanny or teacher wants. It (this temperature) is not set at the whim of some particularly active mother or by decision of a particularly democratic body called the “parent meeting”.

The air temperature in kindergartens is strictly regulated by a special document, which is proudly called “State sanitary rules and norms..."

The state decided that it needed special, again state, bodies that would take care of the health of children. As a result, in all republics of the former USSR, without exception, there are ministries that control everything related to security children's health, and organizing the work of kindergartens and schools. These ministries are called differently: health, health protection, education, education and science, etc. etc., but the essence and direction of the actions do not depend on the name.

Under the leadership of ministries, scientists have been conducting research for many decades with the goal of finding out what the air parameters should be in schools and kindergartens. It is quite obvious that proper, correct, normal air parameters are those parameters at which the negative impact on the child’s health, and therefore the incidence of illness, is minimal.

Scientists have found that there are three main indicators that need to be monitored:

1) air temperature;

2) relative air humidity;

3) intensity of air exchange.

For each indicator, medical science has determined the optimal values, which, in fact, are included in the above-mentioned “State Sanitary Rules and Norms...”. No matter what state we are talking about (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, etc.), these values ​​are approximately the same. No, they may differ by 1 °C or 5% relative humidity, but these differences are more an attempt to demonstrate originality and independence from the totalitarian instructions of the former USSR, rather than a difference of opinion.

No one has conducted any new research, and why should they, if everything is already clear and the questions have been answered.

So, no matter where you live - if your child attends kindergarten, there should be a temperature of game rooms ah 21-24 °C, and in the bedrooms 18 - 22 °C. At the same time, 24 °C in the playroom and 22 °C in the bedroom are recommendations for nursery groups located in climatic regions where the average monthly January temperature ranges from -14 to -32 °C.

Let's repeat it again. Please remember:

air temperature in game room kindergarten should never and under no circumstances exceed 24 °C ;

air temperature in bedroom kindergarten should never and under no circumstances exceed 22 °C .

At first glance, air humidity is simpler: no one really understands what it is, why and how to measure it, how to regulate it and who should do it. It is not surprising that recommendations according to which relative air humidity should be 40-60% are perceived as something abstract and incomprehensible. Nevertheless, at this stage, let's at least repeat and remember:

The relative air humidity in the kindergarten premises should be 40-60%.

Now standards for schools:

air temperature in classrooms is 17-20 °C, in workshops 16-18 °C, in the gym - 15-17 °C;

relative air humidity 40-60% .

A few words about air exchange. The main way of its practical implementation is ventilation, but ventilation is extremely difficult to regulate and control. Nevertheless, you will probably be interested in familiarizing yourself with some of the provisions of the State norms and rules for preschool education:

- To create favorable environmental conditions, it is necessary to thoroughly ventilate all rooms daily. The most effective is through and corner ventilation. It should be carried out only in the absence of children: before they arrive, during classes in the gym, during a walk.

- One-way ventilation is carried out in the presence of children.

- In bedrooms, cross ventilation should be carried out in the absence of children. In the cold season, transoms and vents should be closed 30 minutes in advance. before children go to bed; open on one side during sleep and close 30 minutes beforehand. before getting up. In the warm season, sleep (day and night) is spent with the windows open (drafts should be avoided).

A little about ventilation in schools. It is recommended to carry it out during breaks, while the duration of ventilation is determined by the temperature outside. At temperatures above +6 °C, it is necessary to ventilate for a short period from 4 to 10 minutes, and for a long period - from 25 to 35 minutes. When the outside temperature is below -10 °C, it is necessary to ventilate for a short break from 1 to 1.5 minutes, and for a long break - from 5 to 10 minutes.

What do we have in practice? In the vast majority of kindergartens and schools, air indicators do not meet State requirements. Of course, exceptions are possible, but these exceptions occur only when an emergency situation arises: the heating was not turned on, an accident, an extreme low temperature outside, low gas pressure, etc. and so on. Nevertheless, If we consider a normal average kindergarten, in which the heating system works “normally”, then in this kindergarten the temperature and humidity of the air almost always do not meet the existing requirements .

Complaints about the fact that it is very hot in the kindergarten and that it is impossible to breathe are heard from everywhere. A temperature of 28 °C is almost standard, 30 °C is not at all uncommon. The value of air humidity is a sealed secret. A kindergarten that has a hygrometer (a device for measuring humidity) is as rare as a kindergarten with its own pool, although it seems that swimming pools are more common.

At first glance, the situation is absolutely incomprehensible, absurd, inexplicable:

There are State requirements;

There are persons who are obliged to fulfill these requirements - the administration of kindergartens and schools;

There are, again, government bodies responsible for monitoring the implementation of these requirements - sanitary and epidemiological surveillance bodies.

Requirements are ignored, nothing happens.

Maybe all this is nonsense? It's OK? Maybe this is how it should be? Warmth is not cold (the heat of the bones does not ache)!

Any heating system dries out the air. The more intense the heaters work and, accordingly, the higher the temperature in the room, the drier the air.

Dry air is very bad and dangerous.

Why?

The mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract come into contact with billions of microbes every day. The vast majority of microbes have no effect on the body negative influence, because, firstly, they cannot attach to the surface of the mucous membranes (in the nose, throat), and secondly, the mucous membranes produce liquid (mucus, snot, sputum), which in large quantities contains substances that kill viruses and bacteria.

The ability of mucous membranes to stop and destroy microbes at the site of penetration is called local immunity . If local immunity fails, then the disease develops and general immunity begins to work.

If your child often gets colds, it means he has weak local immunity.

Local immunity is almost never congenitally weak. Local immunity is destroyed by parents and the administration of preschool institutions.

We live in a country where there is a heating season for at least six months. This means that for at least six months (half their lives!) our children spend most of their time in rooms with dry and warm air.

Snot, phlegm, and mucus can kill the infection only when they are liquid. Dry mucus is a protein-rich breeding ground for bacteria.

Dry air leads to drying out of the mucous membranes and disables the local immune system.

Dry air dries out the mucus and makes it more likely to become infected. Dried mucus is the main cause of otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis and pneumonia.

Dry air is the main reason for the growth of adenoids and the development of chronic tonsillitis.

Dry air increases the sensitivity of mucous membranes to dust and allergens, hence the risk of allergic diseases - from rhinitis to asthma.

Dry air is much more dangerous for children compared to adults: children have a more intense metabolism, they produce more heat, and regulate heat exchange not so much with their skin (like mom and dad), but with their lungs. Dry and warm air does not allow the child to normally “dump” excess heat, this leads to fluid loss during breathing and increases sweating. Hence the thickening of the blood, disruption of work internal organs, endless drinking at night, etc.

Let us repeat once again: during the heating season, the warmer the air, the drier it is.

And one more point, extremely important regarding ventilation.

The bottom line: the most common childhood diseases are ARVI (acute respiratory viral infections). The main epidemiological feature of respiratory viruses is that they die instantly in cool, moist moving air and remain active for hours in dry, warm and still air. Thus, ventilation is the most effective method prevention of ARVI in children's groups.

The current heating practice in children's institutions is a genocide of local immunity . This is one of the main reasons for endless kindergarten snot, these are millions paid for by the state sick leave, these are tons of antibiotics eaten, these are tens of liters of blood and hundreds of liters of urine collected for tests, these are thousands of hospitalizations.

And this practice exists. And journalists don’t write about this. And no one seems to care. If the air temperature drops 2 °C below the target, all central channels will talk about it on the news, although there is no risk here and the “problem” can easily be solved with an additional shirt.

Why is everyone silent or saying things that would be better if they were silent?

1. First of all, because they don’t know what’s right, how it should be. Moreover, everyone is convinced that the child is small and weak, so he needs to be warmed and fed. Numerous examples showing that naked and not overfed people get sick less often do not convince anyone of anything.

2. Public opinion clearly views heat as a good thing. Cold (20 °C), an open window, walking in damp weather are supposedly the main enemies of children's health. No one can or does not want to understand: children get sick not because they are cold, but because they sweat! Otitis media began not because the window was open, but because the mucus in the auditory tube dried out due to the dryness of the air...

3. Journalists are bearers of public opinion and do everything to pander to public opinion. Report about freezing children! What a response, what a rating! The mayor himself called and asked for forgiveness!

4. The preschool administration and sanitary workers have neither the strength, nor the authority, nor the desires to resist public opinion. One mother, who created a scandal due to the fact that her child fell ill with bronchitis allegedly because the window was open, will discourage the teacher from opening this window for long years. Moreover, this particular teacher will be accused of all mortal sins and no one will come to her defense.

5. Endless children's “colds” are an endless business, these are billions received from the sale of immune stimulants, vitamins, antibiotics, expectorants, nasal drops, etc. and so on. These are thousands of laboratories, looking for reasons your frequent illnesses.

WHAT TO DO?

First of all, everyone understand:

If the temperature and humidity in a kindergarten does not meet state requirements, then the kindergarten workers are committing a malfeasance, and the sanitary inspection authorities, who do not respond to this, cover up the crime and thus become accomplices. .

There should be thermometers and hygrometers in the bedrooms and playrooms of each preschool.

The easiest way to purchase electronic multifunctional devices is usually a clock that shows temperature, humidity, and much more (depending on the price).

To humidify the air it is necessary to use special Appliances- air humidifiers. Steam humidifiers for kindergartens are highly undesirable, but ultrasonic humidifiers are optimal.

Municipal kindergartens must demand financing the purchase of humidifiers, based on requirements parent community. However, the sooner you hold a parent-teacher meeting and discuss how much you will spend on a thermometer, hygrometer, and humidifier, the greater your chances of saving on medications.

Heating elements (heating radiators) in children's institutions are required to have regulators. If there are no regulators, think about how to install them in the summer, but in the meantime reduce the heat transfer of the batteries - cover them with a heat insulator (for example, foam plastic), cover them with blankets, etc.

Remember: if in winter time you open the window, then cold air enters the room, in which there is practically no water (the lower the air temperature, the less water vapor it contains). When heated, such air dries out the air in the room. The main conclusion is that you need to regulate the air temperature with a closed radiator, and not with an open window.

DDU Administration Council. Write the following text on paper in capital letters:

“STATE REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY

IN CHILDREN'S PRESCHOOL INSTITUTIONS

The air temperature in playrooms is 21-23 °C, and in bedrooms 18-21 °C.

Relative air humidity 40-60%.

FOR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THESE REQUIREMENTS

THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE DDU WILL BE HELD RESPONSIBLE.”

paper with specified text hang it up so all parents can see it. As soon as someone opens their mouth and starts screaming about the cold, etc. - send him to sort things out with the state. Introduce the norms to everyone you accept into preschool education. If such demands do not suit you, let them sit at home hugging the heater.

Dear moms and dads!

What most kindergartens are doing to the health of our children is unbearable, and we must fight it.

State requirements are ignored, regulatory authorities do not fulfill their functions.

Let's act on our own! After all, we are talking about the health of our children! This is more than enough reason to stop hoping for anyone and waiting for mercy from officials.

First of all, we must try to change public opinion, do everything to ensure that people receive basic information. We all must understand: our beloved, kind and affectionate grandmothers are not bearers of the truth. If grandma is convinced that an open window is bad, but science believes (and practice confirms) that it is good, then we need to decide somehow! What is more valuable to us? Grandma's nerves or child's health? It's a difficult choice, but you have to decide.

Since the state has washed its hands of it, let us form public opinion. Share the link to this document with all your friends. Discuss on the forums. Print, give to parents, spend parent meetings. Tell us here what you did and share your experience.

Understand the main thing: If a child who is normal from God does not get out of his sores, then this child has a conflict with the environment. And it is necessary not to feed the child with medicines, but to the best of one’s ability and ability to change environment . This is our duty to God and conscience. Well, think: what kind of health can we talk about if our children can’t breathe for six months!

In the conditions of the modern natural, social and environmental situation, the problem of children's health is becoming global in nature. A variety of medical, sociological, demographic and other data indicate that only 14% of Russian children can be considered practically healthy; 50% of children have certain health conditions; 35% are chronically ill (data from materials of the All-Russian meeting “Ways to optimize health and physical development children in preschool educational institutions»).
Leading domestic teachers and psychologists note that modern child Most often it is in a static position. The reason for this is long periods of watching cartoons and playing on the computer. For the same reason, children preschool age less are on fresh air, which negatively affects their health. In this regard, the preschool educational institution was faced with the acute question of maximizing the time of children's mobility in the preschool educational institution.
In this regard, teachers of educational institutions are faced with the acute problem of implementing a set of measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of the child at all stages of his learning and development. In my opinion, it is especially relevant for educators working in groups for children of early preschool age during the period of children’s adaptation to kindergarten. Since at this time, against the background of psychological stress, a weakening occurs immune system child, which leads to a sharp increase in morbidity and prolongation of the period of adaptation of children to preschool educational institutions.
The main psychohygienic and psychoprophylactic means in preschool educational institutions is a rational health regime. The daily routine in kindergarten should be flexible. Modern preschoolers experience significant mental overload: children are forced to spend a significant amount of time in a static position. Already in kindergarten, a child experiences the harmful effects of physical inactivity. To compensate for insufficient mobility, it is necessary to use health-improving physical exercises, rationally organize the daily routine in the group in such a way that children are in motion as much as possible. As a result of physical activity, the functional indicators of the cardiovascular system improve, its development accelerates, the muscular system develops and strengthens, and works more actively respiratory system, coordination of the activity of nerve centers improves, emotional tone increases. Physical education improves thinking and memory processes, promotes concentration, and increases the functional reserves of many organs and systems of the body.
The daily routine must include: morning exercises, physical education classes, dynamic breaks (physical training minutes, logorhythmic, finger exercises, bodily games), preventive gymnastics (carried out with the aim of increasing the functional capabilities of the body, working capacity and restoring health - this is massage and self-massage, gymnastics for eye, breathing exercises), dosed running and walking during a walk, outdoor and sports games during a walk, round dance games in a group, relaxation exercises (before bedtime), invigorating gymnastics (after sleep), classes in sports sections, classes in dance clubs; There should be sports, music and health-improving leisure activities and holidays, health days and a health week.
To ensure that physical exercise does not turn into routine work for the baby, I organize morning exercises in the form of an interesting, exciting game. More often gaming complexes morning exercises are accompanied by cheerful children's music, nursery rhymes, and jokes.
Taking into account the complex thematic planning of the educational process, the morning exercise complexes correspond to the theme of the week, which allows you to repeat and consolidate the studied material with children in a relaxed playful way.
In preschool children, it is necessary to train not only the articulatory apparatus, but also pay great attention to the development fine motor skills hands Research by scientists has shown that the level of development of children's speech is directly dependent on the degree of acceleration of fine movements of the fingers. Therefore, training the movements of the fingers and hands is the most important factor stimulating speech development child, helping to improve articulatory movements, preparing the hand for writing and, no less important, a powerful tool that increases the performance of the cerebral cortex, stimulating the development of the child’s thinking. Finger gymnastics should be varied, emotionally pleasant, tireless, dynamic.
In kindergarten it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for children, taking into account the positive effects on health of color, light, plants, and a developing environment.
Light therapy: a properly selected light climate of a preschool educational institution has a positive effect on children, preserves vision, and brings out the artistic expressiveness of the interior.
Color therapy: color is the most important element of the interior. It is the harmonious combination of colors in the child’s environment that underlies his comfortable existence. Each color has its own specific properties and strength. Color affects a person's emotional state, regardless of whether the person himself feels it or not.
Music therapy – music primarily affects emotional sphere person. Music acts as a regulator of life rhythms.
Microclimate – a comfortable psychological microclimate is one of the main directions in working with children.
Developmental environment – ​​in groups a health corner is needed, in which children independently engage in sports and consolidate knowledge about health.
Conditions should be created not only in the group, but also on the site; the site should not only be beautiful, but also useful for the all-round development of children.
After all, health is something that every person wants to have, but no one can be absolutely healthy. It is impossible not to have any deviations in the functioning of the body. But you can resist the harmful effects on the body so as not to suffer from diseases and be ready for any activity. Just change your lifestyle and a miracle will happen: children will feel healthy.

Ventilation regime and rules for ventilation of preschool institutions. Air pollution, together with a violation of the natural physical composition, makes the air environment around us extremely unfavorable for life, which, according to the latest scientific data, forces the human body to spend 80% of its internal resources only on ensuring the possibility of existence in it.

Premises where children are constantly present (group rooms, playrooms, bedrooms, rooms for music and physical education, etc.) should be provided with clean, fresh air. In the warm season they are kept open; in winter they are not sealed, in order to be able to ventilate the room 3-4 times a day. All rooms are ventilated daily and repeatedly in the absence of children. The most effective is through and corner ventilation of rooms. The duration of ventilation depends on the outside temperature, wind direction, and indoor air temperature.

Hygienic requirements for heating and heating devices. It is very important to maintain a constant temperature regime in the premises, avoiding sudden fluctuations in air temperature. The optimal temperature for a group room is 19–21°С, for the hall – 18°С, toilets – 20–22°С, swimming pool – 29°С. In corner rooms the air temperature should be 2°C higher.

More on the topic Microclimate of preschool institutions:

1. Hygienic requirements for preschool institutions
2. Sanitary and hygienic examination of projects of united preschool institutions
3. Hygienic requirements for the equipment of preschool premises
4. In order to prevent food poisoning in preschool institutions, it is proposed:
5. Hygienic requirements for the color design of preschool premises
6. Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the delivery, reception, quality, storage conditions and sale of food products in preschool institutions

It seemed like just yesterday the baby was taken from the maternity hospital, and today he already needs to be taken to kindergarten. “How is he doing? Is he being offended? Did you eat or stay hungry? Did you get caught in a draft?” – such disturbing thoughts haunt his mom and dad all day.

Of course, every parent wants their child to return from kindergarten cheerful, well-fed and, of course, healthy. But if quality nutrition and leisure time depend on the conscientiousness and professionalism of the staff of the educational institution, then the health of the child is not least influenced by the kindergarten building itself - how well it can maintain a favorable microclimate.

Microclimate for kids

In his book “Child's Health,” the famous pediatrician Evgeny Komarovsky assures that children’s fascination with invented images and events is sometimes so strong that they may simply not notice the current changes around them and continue to play calmly even at a body temperature of 39 ° C. And children don’t even think about such little things as drafts or coolness in the room. This means that designers and builders of kindergartens should take timely care to eliminate such potentially dangerous factors, based on the developed sanitary and hygienic standards.

In particular, the recently entered into force SanPiN 2.4.1.3049-13 regulates all issues related to the arrangement of kindergartens: fire safety, layout and ergonomics of premises, illumination levels and much more - right down to the location of bedrooms and playrooms relative to the cardinal directions and even the dimensions of children's furniture .

But Special attention The standards focus on microclimate. For example, it is indicated that the relative air humidity in rooms with children should be in the range of 40-60%. Drier air dries out the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, thereby reducing their ability to resist pathogenic bacteria transmitted by airborne droplets. If the humidity is higher than normal, then the dampness creates ideal conditions for the appearance of mold, which can lead to severe allergies in children.

As for the temperature regime, it is regulated even more strictly. Playrooms should not be colder than +21°C, and bedrooms should not be colder than +19°C. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure a constant flow of fresh but warm air into all rooms: it must be completely renewed every 20-30 minutes!

During mandatory hourly ventilation, a short-term decrease in the air temperature in the room is allowed, but not more than 2-4°C. And in winter, through ventilation itself must be carried out in the absence of children. In the warm season, children are allowed to sleep during the day or at night with the windows open, but again with the obligatory condition - without drafts.

There is no need to explain how dangerous drafts are for the health of hot, sweaty children who are carried away by active games. Even a slight movement of cold air can lead to a sharp cooling of the body and increased susceptibility to any pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
“Drafts that are dangerous to children’s health can occur even with tightly closed windows,” says Olga Loginova, marketing director of CAPAROL, an expert in the field of protection and thermal insulation of building facades. – If the external walls are poorly insulated, then their surfaces facing the room in winter can be several degrees colder than room air. This is enough for the floor, where children love to play, to feel cold, and a so-called “convective draft” arises - a sure way to get a cold.”

Old single-glazed windows also cause a lot of problems. Sashes that do not close tightly are not able to prevent blowing, and the surface of the glass facing the room in winter can cool to negative temperatures even with sufficient heating power. Then ice forms on the glass, and the “convective draft” fully manifests itself.

“For kindergartens, the high heat-saving characteristics of any enclosing structures - walls, roofs, windows - are especially important,” adds Pavel Abaturov, commercial director of the Ural branch of PROPLEX, the first Russian developer and largest manufacturer of PVC window systems using Austrian technologies. – Therefore, designers prefer to play it safe and use energy-saving plastic windows with an installation depth of at least 70 mm and double-glazed windows up to 42 mm thick. Such a window has the same level of heat conservation as a brick wall half a meter thick.”

It is worth mentioning that modern windows with sealed double-glazed windows and tight shutters that eliminate drafts also cope well with protection from street noise. And this is extremely important for healthy sleep for babies. According to building requirements, the noise level in kindergarten bedrooms should not exceed 40 dB.

Behind the walls of the kindergarten

Traditionally, in our country, kindergartens were built from brick or reinforced concrete structures. IN Soviet times the necessary thermal protection of external walls was achieved almost exclusively by increasing their thickness. But with the introduction of much more stringent requirements for heat transfer resistance into SNiP 02/23/2003, the use of highly effective thermal insulation materials was required. Typically, polystyrene foam or mineral wool are used for this, which have the best performance compared to other insulation materials. For example, in the climatic zone of the Moscow region, only 120 mm of expanded polystyrene or 130 mm of mineral wool will be required to provide thermal protection at the level of the most modern construction requirements.

“Thermal insulation material can only preserve maximum amount heat and ensure a favorable microclimate in the building if it is placed on the outside of the wall and reliably protected from adverse weather conditions. Composite systems for insulating facades with external plaster layers are built on this principle,” notes Pavel Shmelev, architect of the Moscow architectural studio “Versia”. – From the point of view of designers, this is the optimal type of finishing for any children's institutions, be it kindergartens, schools or clinics. After all, a modern plaster facade combines high energy efficiency, durability and wide design possibilities.”

Plaster systems are used not only for new children's institutions. They are also great for reconstructing old kindergartens built in 1950-70. This measure, accessible to municipal budgets, immediately reduces the heat loss of a building by 40-50%, which has a positive effect not only on the microclimate of the premises, but also on the heating costs of the building.

Considering the irrepressible energy of kids, their active games during walks in the fresh air, it is logical to protect the façade of the kindergarten from possible damage. Denis Melnik, commercial director of the Igandika company, which sells a wide range of materials for finishing facades and interiors in Russia, believes that in such cases it is appropriate to use plaster compositions with the addition of carbon fibers, which give insulation systems outstanding strength and elasticity. To illustrate what loads a carbon fiber façade can withstand, he gives an example from his practice:

“We used carbon-based plasters in a building where wheelchairs. Previously, wheel impacts caused the plaster to become unusable in a matter of weeks. But in the year that has passed since plastering the walls with the CAPATECT (Caparol) system, not a single trace of collisions has appeared on them.”

“In Germany, plasters containing carbon fibers passed a stringent test for “survival” in active conditions. sports games, adds Roman Ryazantsev, project manager at CAPAROL. – They were tested according to the German standard DIN 18032. It is believed that if the plaster can withstand 12 hits with a hockey puck at a speed of 18.0 m/s and 54 hits with a hand ball at a speed of 23.5 m/s, then it can safely be used in buildings where children are playing."

Children need beauty

Architect Natalya Popova in her work “Color in the Interior of Kindergartens” outlined the influence of color on children: “ Color solution interiors of preschool institutions actively influence the child. It either has a positive effect on his development, well-being, including psychological; or becomes an obstacle that prevents the child from expressing his creative individuality, and can even negatively affect the learning process.”
Many experts agree with this point of view.

The famous Spanish architect Alejandro Muñoz Miranda, based on tips from authoritative child psychologists, designed the Rainbow Colored Kindagarten kindergarten in the city of Grenada, where windows of a variety of colors are installed. The Kekec kindergarten in Ljubljana was built using the same principles - all the window blinds in the building are painted bright colors. It is believed that the more positive emotions a child receives in a bright environment, the more optimistic his life position will be in the future.

In Russia, too, there are interesting projects that embody ideas about a kindergarten that takes care of both the physical and psychological well-being of the child.

Thus, in Yekaterinburg, in the Academichesky district, a modern kindergarten with a CAPATECT (Caparol) plaster facade, painted in bright sunny colors, was put into operation. And in the Moscow district of Yuzhnoye Chertanovo, a custom-built kindergarten “Zvezdochka” was opened, which has not just a colorful, but also a very original facade.

“To ensure a favorable microclimate, we used the CAPATECT (Caparol) plaster insulation system for the exterior decoration of the building. The walls of the kindergarten were decorated with unusual geometric figures. It was decided to revive them with durable CAPAROL facade paints, which have the ability to self-clean from dirt and soot and do not fade for many years,” says Sergei Ivannikov, the chief architect of this project. – In addition, special light conditions have been created in the kindergarten thanks to large windows non-standard shape. As a result, the abundance of sun in playrooms and bedrooms has a positive effect on children’s mood.”

Modern technologies for arranging facades make it possible to make preschool educational institutions warm in the harshest winters, comfortable in any weather and bright even on a gloomy day. Children will be happy to attend such kindergartens, and the likelihood of getting sick in them will be disproportionately less than in gray and cold buildings.

CAPAROL Press Service

Optimal microclimate parameters (temperature and relative humidity), content harmful substances in indoor air in quantities below the maximum permissible concentrations, ensure safe conditions for the health of children in educational institutions of any type.

Low temperatures and drafts in rooms provoke colds in children. An increase in temperature and the presence of harmful substances in indoor air, including increased concentrations of carbon dioxide, can cause a decrease in performance and, with prolonged exposure, contribute to the development of chronic fatigue syndrome, which affects not only academic performance, but also the state of health in general.

Currently, in schools and preschool institutions, when carrying out major repairs, it is mandatory, selectively - during ongoing repairs, old windows with wooden frames are replaced with modern sealed structures.

At the same time, the requirements of sanitary standards and rules to ensure optimal parameters of the microclimate and air environment in premises for children and adolescents are not always taken into account.

After replacing windows in the premises, the air temperature may exceed the normal values ​​(in playrooms in preschool organizations no lower than 21ºC, in bedrooms no lower than 19ºC; in school classrooms 18-24ºC, in the gym, workshops 17-20ºC).

To control the temperature regime, group rooms in preschool educational institutions, classrooms and classrooms in schools should be equipped with household thermometers hung on the inner wall of the room at the level of children’s breathing.

Ventilation of premises is a mandatory factor to maintain microclimate parameters at the proper level. All premises of educational institutions must be ventilated daily.

IN preschool organizations Through ventilation is carried out for at least 10 minutes every 1.5 hours. In group rooms and bedrooms in all climatic regions, except for IA, IB, IG climatic subregions, natural cross or corner ventilation should be provided. Ventilation through toilet rooms is not allowed.

In the presence of children, wide one-sided aeration of all rooms is allowed in the warm season. Airing is carried out in the absence of children and ends 30 minutes before they arrive from a walk or activity.

When carrying out ventilation, a short-term decrease in the air temperature in the room is allowed, but not more than by 2 - 4 C. In bedrooms, through ventilation is carried out before daytime sleep.

When ventilating the transoms and vents while sleeping, they open on one side and close 30 minutes before rising.

• In the cold season, transoms and vents are closed 10 minutes before children go to bed.
• In the warm season, sleep (day and night) is organized with open windows (avoiding drafts).

Training facilities in educational institutions are ventilated during breaks, and recreational ones - during lessons. Before classes start and after they end, it is necessary to carry out cross-ventilation of classrooms. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions, wind direction and speed, and the efficiency of the heating system.

Outside temperature, °C	Duration of room ventilation, min.
	to small change	V big changes and between shifts
+10 to +6	4-10	25-35
From +5 to 0	3-7	20-30
From 0 to -5	2-5	15-25
-5 to -10	1-3	10-15
Below -10	1-1,5

Lessons physical culture and classes sports sections should be carried out in well-aerated gyms.

• During classes in the gym, it is necessary to open one or two windows on the leeward side when the outside air temperature is above plus 5°C and the wind speed is no more than 2 m/s.
• At lower temperatures and higher air speeds, classes in the hall are conducted with one to three transoms open. When the outside air temperature is below minus 10°C and the air speed is more than 7 m/s, through ventilation of the hall is carried out in the absence of students for 1-1.5 minutes; during big breaks and between shifts – 5-10 minutes.
• When the air temperature reaches plus 14°C, ventilation in the gym should be stopped.

Transoms and vents must function at any time of the year. To organize ventilation, windows must be equipped with folding transoms with lever devices or vents. The area of ​​transoms and vents used for ventilation must be at least 1/50 of the floor area of ​​the room.

Control of opening devices should be accessible and not require additional structures (stools, stepladders) to prevent injuries.

The opening plane of the windows should provide an effective ventilation mode, directing the flow of outside air to the upper part of the room - into the under-ceiling space where warm internal air is concentrated, which leads to temperature distribution and the formation of normal air exchange in the room.

Heating devices must use guards made of materials that are harmless to health. Fences made of particle boards and other polymer materials cannot be used. Portable heating devices and heaters with infrared radiation are also not allowed.

In addition, the design of the fences must ensure air movement, the fences must be removable for wet cleaning of heating devices and window sills, and the fastening must be safe.

Thus, by following simple rules for maintaining an optimal microclimate in the main premises of children and adolescents in educational organizations, non-specific preventive actions during the period of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory infections and influenza.