PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATIONAL, LEGAL AND PREVENTIVE WORK

LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF HISTORICAL WORK IN THE BODIES OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

B. Yu. Dereshko

The article reveals the basic approaches to the organization of historical and military-historical work, provides justification for the need and relevance of legal regulation of historical work in internal affairs bodies Russian Federation using the example of creative understanding and accumulated experience of the historical work of federal executive bodies authorized in the field of defense and security, as the basis for the patriotic education of personnel. The goals, objectives and primary directions of historical work are proposed.

Key words: historical work, military historical work, internal affairs bodies, legal framework.

The events of recent years indicate that the Russian Federation has become new period development and implementation of state policy in the field of preservation of cultural, historical, spiritual, moral and ideological values. The most important state decisions on the reunification of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol with the Russian Federation, the formation of the idea of ​​the “Russian world” in the system of the modern world order, active opposition to attempts to falsify the history of our country prove that public thought as the basis of the state-legal worldview of Russian citizens confidently puts forward the achievements of a thousand years history of Russia.

Over the past five years, attention to national history and historical work on the part of the highest government bodies of the Russian Federation has been growing.

President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, in his Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated December 12, 2012, pointed out the most important role of national history in the revival of the national consciousness of the Russian people in order to gain internal strength and the meaning of national development 1.

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (dated January 9, 2012 No. 49), 2012 was marked as the Year Russian history 2, within the framework of which a set of events was held dedicated to the 1150th anniversary of the birth of Russian statehood.

In June 2012, one of the oldest Russian public associations, the Russian Historical Society, resumed its activities, headed by S. E. Naryshkin, Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation 3.

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 No. 1710, the Russian Military Historical Society was created as an all-Russian public-state organization 4. The Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation V. R. Medinsky was elected chairman of the society in March 2013 at the founding congress.

Historical work in the Strategy of State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2012 No. 1666 5, in the Concept of Public Security in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 14, 2013 No. Pr-2685 6, and in other governing documents, is considered as the basis for the patriotic education of Russian citizens, the restoration of the historical connection of times, the strengthening of national harmony and the spiritual community of the peoples of our country.

In the Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on December 12, 2013 clearly outlined “the all-encompassing, unifying role of culture, history, the Russian language for our multinational people”, set the task of taking into account the cultural and historical values ​​of the Russian people both in construction public policy and in the field of education 7.

This is consistently implemented in a number of normative and guiding documents of federal government bodies, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Thus, by the decision of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Colonel General of Police V.A. Kolokoltsev, in 2014, historical work8 was organized in the system of moral and psychological support for the activities of internal affairs bodies8, and a number of departmental organizational and administrative documents were published.

There has always been interest in the history of internal affairs bodies in society and the scientific community. This is evidenced by books published in large print runs, usually in the memoir and journalistic genre, and numerous magazine and newspaper articles. At the same time, we note a noticeable shortage of scientific historical research, the absence of research organizations specializing in the study of departmental history, while, for example, in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Institute of Military History, now the Scientific Research Institute, has been successfully functioning for almost 50 years (military history) of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation 9, since 1939 the “Military Historical Journal” 10 has been published.

The internal affairs bodies have accumulated significant empirical experience in historical work. Active exhibition and museum work is carried out by a permanent exhibition dedicated to the creation and history of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (branch of the Central Club of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) 11. As of January 1, 2015, the department created 253 permanent exhibition expositions 12 (in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated 24 December 2008 No. 1145) 13.

In the places where the internal affairs bodies are located, 1,984 monuments, obelisks, steles, memorial plaques and other memorial structures were installed, dedicated to the heroic exploits of employees of the internal affairs bodies on the fields of war and in peacetime 14.

Invaluable contribution to patriotic education employees of internal affairs bodies are contributed by 4,415 veteran organizations as part of the Russian Council of Veterans of Internal Affairs Bodies and internal troops 15, Association of Combat Veterans of Internal Affairs Bodies and Internal Troops of Russia 16, as well as other veteran organizations. Over 500 thousand veterans are actively involved in working with employees and members of their families.

A large amount of work is carried out in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in connection with various memorable dates in departmental history. Thus, on the eve of the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 2002, the Main Directorate of Personnel and Personnel Policy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, departmental educational and scientific organizations carried out a large-scale set of organizational and practical measures, carried out research work to study the history of the department, and accumulated a significant historical material, a number of scientific publications have been prepared and published 17.

The events dedicated to the anniversary caused a wide resonance and received a positive assessment from the public. However, proposals to make historical work systemic during that period were never implemented, activities to study the history of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs were curtailed, and scientific departments were reduced. After the memorable date “200 years of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia”, attention to historical work decreased, as a result of which it was reduced to forms of museum work carried out by departmental

special museum education, as well as episodic initiative research in educational and scientific organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

At the same time, the relevance of the scientific and practical significance of historical work in the conditions of reform and modernization of internal affairs bodies is steadily growing. The historical experience of the development of the department requires in-depth and specialized study to determine the optimal ways to build internal affairs bodies and increase the efficiency of operational and service activities.

The solution to the problem of organizing historical work in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is possible on the basis of a creative understanding of the accumulated experience of the historical work of federal executive bodies authorized in the field of defense and security, as the basis for the patriotic education of personnel of troops and agencies.

Thus, in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, military-historical work is carried out in accordance with the Regulations on military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which considers military-historical work as an integral part of scientific work carried out in the Armed Forces, defines it as “activities on the study of current problems of military history and the implementation of the results obtained in the theory and practice of military (naval) affairs, the use of knowledge of the history of wars and military art, the history of the construction of the armed forces and the development of military thought, the history of the development of weapons and military equipment in the interests of training and military-patriotic education of personnel of the Armed Forces, as well as citizens of the Russian Federation" 18.

A more detailed definition of military-historical work is given by S.V. Borisnev: “This is a comprehensively synthesized activity of both a theoretical (research) and applied (practical) nature. It is included in various spheres of life of the branches and branches of the armed forces, government structures and society, and at the same time includes varying degrees scientific-theoretical (theoretical-methodological) and scientific-research (cognitive-methodological) work in military history as elements of military scientific work, part of the educational process for training military personnel in military educational institutions using military history, educational work with military personnel through patriotic (military-patriotic), ideological-political (ideological) influence, through cultural, educational, agitation and propaganda work, and the activities of military media" 19.

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, military-historical work is carried out by military command and control bodies responsible for organizing military-scientific work, as well as military educational establishments and specialized research organizations.

General management of military-historical work is entrusted to the General Staff. The Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation provides organizational and methodological management of military-historical work, and scientific and methodological management is provided by the Main Directorate for Work with Personnel of the Armed Forces (in terms of state-patriotic education of military personnel); Archive Service of the Armed Forces (in terms of archival and reference work); Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (in terms of the methodology of military-historical research, as well as the coordination of scientific work on the problems of military-historical research).

In military districts, branches of the Armed Forces, and central military command and control bodies, the general management of military-historical work is carried out by the corresponding headquarters or departments. Organizational and methodological management of military-historical work is entrusted to the military-scientific departments (groups) of the branches and branches of the Armed Forces, units of scientific and military-historical work of military districts.

This system of organizing military-historical work makes it possible to successfully solve the assigned tasks in the field of conducting military-historical research and introducing positive historical experience into the practice of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Legal regulation of historical and military-historical work in the Ministry of Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief of the Russian Federation is carried out on the basis of the Regulations on the organization and conduct of historical and military-historical work in the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia 20.

In accordance with clause 2 of the Regulations, historical and military-historical work in the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia represents the creative and organizational activities of the leadership and command staff for the development of historical and military-historical science in the field of protection of the population and territories, according to the use of its conclusions and the accumulated experience of local air defense, civil defense, and the unified state system for preventing and responding to emergency situations in the practice of improving the construction and training of control bodies, civil defense troops, RSChS forces and the population of the Russian Federation for actions in emergency situations.

The regulations determine the main tasks and forms of historical and military-historical work in the system of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.

In the border troops and bodies of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, military-historical work is organized in accordance with the order of the director of the Federal Border Service of Russia dated July 1, 1996 No. 467 “On the organization of military-historical work in the Federal Border Service of Russia and the bodies of the Border Service of the Russian Federation” 21. Order approves the Regulations

on military-historical work in the Federal Border Service of Russia and the Border Service of the Russian Federation, Regulations on the Council for Military-Historical Work at the General Staff of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation, Regulations on the competition for better job on military-historical topics among students and military cadets educational institutions vocational education Border troops of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation.

Military-historical work in the Federal Border Service of the FSB of Russia is considered as a purposeful creative and organizational activity of commanders, headquarters, research structures, bodies educational work, veterans and others public organizations on collecting, studying, summarizing, accumulating and disseminating knowledge of domestic and foreign border history, experience in protecting and guarding the state border in the interests of improving the construction and training of the border service of the Russian Federation, training and education of its personnel.

V. A. Zapadny defines military-historical work as “a set of activities organized and carried out by specially formed bodies, research, educational and other structures, commanders and personnel and educational units of the border troops (Border Service) to study current problems of border history, generalization and use of historical experience in protecting the state border in the interests of introducing accumulated military-scientific knowledge into the theory and practice of military affairs, improving border agencies, everyday use of the results obtained in the process of military-historical education of military personnel and military-patriotic education of personnel on the best historical and combat traditions of the border service, the development of military memorial work, museum and archival affairs, the creation of a source and historiographical base for subsequent military historical research on border topics”22.

The components of military-historical work in border troops and agencies are:

Research work on the study of border history;

Military history education;

Military-patriotic education;

Museum and archival studies;

War memorial and military ritual work.

In the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, historical work is carried out on the basis of the requirements of the Law of the Russian Federation of January 14, 1993 No. 4292-1 “On perpetuating the memory of those killed in defense of the Fatherland” 23, Federal Law of March 13, 1995 No. 32-FZ “ About the days of military glory and memorable dates Russia" 24 (in the system of scientific support for the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation) 25.

Conceptual approaches and principles for organizing historical work in internal affairs bodies, issues of distribution of powers of management bodies for historical work, directions and forms of its implementation need legal regulation at the departmental level.

In our opinion, in 2016 it is necessary to complete the development of a regulatory legal act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, approving the Regulations on the organization of historical work in internal affairs bodies. We propose to include the following basic norms in the content of this Regulation.

First, to define historical work in the internal affairs bodies. To develop a draft regulatory legal act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on historical work, by order of the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated May 28, 2012 No. 32, a working group was created, which proposed the following formulation of the concept of “historical work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation”: “Historical work is purposeful activities of heads of bodies, organizations and divisions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, units of moral and psychological support, veterans and other public organizations, providing for scientific research in the field of history of internal affairs bodies, teaching history in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, preservation of historically significant documents, things and relics , taking into account historically significant information, events and facts, using the experience accumulated in the past in operational activities, training and education of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.”

Secondly, taking into account the distribution of powers for scientific support in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, we would consider it possible to assign the task of organizing historical work to units for working with personnel, i.e., to units of moral and psychological support, to carry out historical work in the system of moral and psychological ensuring the operational and official activities of internal affairs bodies. Coordination and methodological support historical work is supposed to be assigned to the Department of Civil Service and Personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Involve councils of veterans of internal affairs bodies and other public associations in carrying out historical work. Historical research is carried out by educational and research organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In 2013, as a basic scientific unit in the Scientific Center of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, a department for the history of internal affairs bodies was already created.

Thirdly, we propose to consider the following as the main goals of historical work in internal affairs bodies:

Instilling in employees respect for the history and traditions of internal affairs bodies;

Preservation, enhancement and promotion of the historical heritage of internal affairs bodies;

Ensuring the continuity of the best traditions at all stages of development of internal affairs bodies.

Fourthly, let us highlight the main directions of historical work:

Development of museum affairs, preservation of historically significant documents, information, things and relics;

Documentation of historically significant events and facts of operational activities;

Teaching courses on the history of internal affairs bodies in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia;

Organization of scientific research to study the historical heritage of internal affairs bodies;

Organization of events to popularize the history and traditions of internal affairs bodies;

Development and publication of materials on the history of internal affairs bodies using modern information technologies.

A departmental regulatory legal act could also approve guidelines for maintaining historical records in bodies, organizations, and divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which would establish the procedure for collecting, analyzing, studying and summarizing historical information, experience in the operational and official activities of bodies, organizations, and divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the form historical form filled out annually. The maintenance of historical records could be carried out by units for moral and psychological support of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the district, regional and interregional levels, as well as organizations and institutions.

The scientific coordination council of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs on the history of the activities of domestic internal affairs bodies could become a central advisory body under the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on problems of historical work. Its creation may be provided for by a general regulatory legal act approving the Regulations on the Council.

The reason for organizing historical work in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs could be an important historical date in departmental history. For example, in connection with the reform of the militia into the police 26, such a starting point can be considered the day of the founding of the Russian police - June 5 (May 25, old style) 1718 - the day of publication of the Decree of Peter I on the points given to the St. Petersburg Chief of Police 27. In this regard, we believe it is possible to organize within the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs work to prepare and celebrate the 300th anniversary of the formation of the Russian police in 2018.

The revival of historical work will ensure continuity in the development of the Russian police, will contribute to the formation of a new image of the police, the corporate worldview and professional and moral values ​​of the service, the preservation of the positive traditions of the operational activities of the internal affairs bodies, and will have a positive impact on the authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in society.

1 Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated December 12, 2012 // Ross. newspaper. 2012. 13 Dec.

2 On holding the Year of Russian History in the Russian Federation: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 9, 2012 No. 49 (as amended on February 14, 2012) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2012. No. 2, art. 246.

3 Minutes of the Founding Assembly of the Russian Historical Society of June 20, 2012 No. 1. URL: http:// rushistory.org/?page_id=108 (date of access: 04/08/2015).

4 On the creation of the All-Russian public-state organization “Russian Military Historical Society”: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 No. 1710 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 2012. No. 53, part 2, art. 7862.

5 Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025: approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2012 No. 1666 // Ibid. No. 52, art. 7477.

6 URL: http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc; base=LAW;n=154602 (date of access: 04/08/2015).

7 Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. December 12, 2013 // Ross. newspaper. 2013. 13 Dec.

8 Current archive of the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. D. 54. T. 2. L. 24-25.

9 Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. URL: http://ens.mil.ru/education/higher/academy/more.htm?id=8654@morfOrgEduc (date of access: 08/23/2016).

10 URL: http://history.milportal.ru (access date: 08/23/2016).

11 Central Museum of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. URL: https://Ministry of Internal Affairs.rf/history/Centralnij_muzej_MVD_Rossii (date of access: 08/23/2016).

12 Information on the work carried out to perpetuate the memory of employees of internal affairs bodies and military personnel of the internal troops who died in the performance of official duties (military service duties) (as of January 1, 2015) // Current archive of the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. D. 12. T. 1. L. 115.

13 On approval of the Regulations on the organization of activities of museums and history rooms of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation: order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 24, 2008 No. 1145.

14 Current archive of the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. D. 12. T. 1. L. 115.

15 Information on the main results of the work of veteran organizations of internal affairs bodies, educational and

bodies and internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in 2012. URL: https://veteran.mvd.rf/veteranskie_organizacii (date of access: 08/23/2016).

16 Association of Combat Veterans of Internal Affairs Bodies and Internal Troops of Russia. URL: http://avbd-mvd.ru (access date: 08/23/2016).

17 Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Encyclopedia / V. F. Nekrasov, V. I. Polubinsky. M., 2002. 624 p.

18 On military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation: order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated December 1, 2014 No. 870. Access from the reference legal system “Garant”.

19 Borisnev S.V. Military-historical work in the Armed Forces of the Soviet State (1918-1991) (historical research): author's abstract. dis. ... Dr. Ist. Sci. M., 2005. P. 13.

20 On approval of the Regulations on the organization and conduct of historical and military-historical work in the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia: order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 13, 2000 No. 146. URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docview&empire= &nd=102102157&page=1&print=1&rdk=0 (date of access: 08/23/2016).

21 URL: http://www.biograph.ru/index.php?option=com_co ntent&view=article&id=1429:pogran&catid=21:goldfund&Item id=28 (date of access: 08/23/2016).

22 Zapadny V. A. Military-historical work in the border troops of the Soviet state: 1917-1991. : dis. ...cand. ist. Sci. M., 2006. P. 22.

23 Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 2013. No. 14, art. 1660.

24 Ibid. 1995. No. 11, art. 943; 2014. No. 49, part VI, art. 6922.

25 On the organization of scientific support and the application of positive experience in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated March 18, 2013 No. 150: ed. dated 12/31/2013. Access from the reference legal system "ConsultantPlus"; On the implementation of scientific (research) activities in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation: order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated April 1, 2016 No. 155. Access from the reference legal system “ConsultantPlus”.

26 On the police: Federal Law of February 7, 2011 No. 3-FZ: as amended. dated 04/06/2015 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 2011. No. 7, art. 900; 2015. No. 14, art. 2008.

27 Points given to St. Petersburg Police Chief General Devier // Complete. collection laws of Russia empires. Collection 1st. T. 5. No. 3203. St. Petersburg, 1830. P. 569-571.

FEATURES OF PREVENTIVE IMPACT BY MEANS OF PHOTO AND VIDEO FIXATION ON THE PERSONALITY OF A TRAFFIC VIOLator WHO ALLOWS EXCEEDING THE SPEED LIMIT

M. V. Barannikova, T. V. Maltseva

The article is devoted to measures to prevent road traffic accidents, which should be comprehensive in nature and include the elimination of causes associated with optimal

the effectiveness and effectiveness of preventive action on all components of the “man-car-road” triad. The maximum effect of the preventive impact of photo and video recording devices on road traffic offenders can be expected when they constant use in emergency situations over a long period of time. This is expected to affect drivers Vehicle for whom the inevitability of punishment will act as a significant deterrent ensuring their compliance with the rules traffic.

Key words: exceeding the speed limit, preventive action, traffic offender, road safety, photo and video recording equipment, violation of traffic rules.

MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Topic "Formation of professional traditions and their role in the education of personnel of internal affairs bodies"

Introduction

Education is fundamental pedagogical phenomenon in society and the life of every person. It represents the process of forming the most important qualities of a person as a citizen of society and a bearer of universal human values. The result of upbringing is the good manners of a person.

In Art. 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, our state is defined as a legal state. In the formation of a rule of law state, an important place belongs to the internal affairs bodies, which fight against offenses and crime.

For the state to actually become legal, the education of the personnel must be impeccable, without which it is impossible to count on well-being in other areas of its functioning and the life of society.

We can highlight a number of other circumstances that give the education of employees a decisive, priority character:

Increasing turnover of law enforcement personnel, their rejuvenation, the influx of young people less prepared for it into the service;

Increasing complexity of the tasks of strengthening law and order in a market economy, low level of legal culture and legal education of the population, the emergence of new sophisticated types of crime and the professionalization of crime, increasing workload and extremeness in work;

The adverse impact on many employees of a sharp decline in public morality, culture, education of the population, the spread of business psychology ("everything for money"), hidden or overt bribery ("gratitude", bribery) and extortion for many professions, activities and actions, in including at different levels of public service;

targeted influence of crime on employees to induce them to make immoral concessions and professional betrayal;

Penetration of criminally oriented individuals and representatives of organized crime into law enforcement agencies;

In fact, the low level of education of a certain part of the employees, manifested not only in the dishonest performance of their duties and responsibilities, but also in the shortcomings of relationships with citizens, respect for their rights, response to statements, violations of official discipline, drunkenness, inappropriate behavior in everyday life and in front of citizens , crimes of a mercenary nature, etc.

Professional activity always leaves its mark on the person involved in it. It causes changes in his psychology, upbringing, education and development of certain qualities. Employees change under the influence of law enforcement activities performed, contacts with different people, the general atmosphere in the work team. There are positive changes, but there are also undesirable changes - a decrease in interest, diligence, conscientiousness, and sometimes harmful ones, called professional deformation. For a certain part of law enforcement officers, the latter becomes dangerous, often causing violations of the law, abuse of power and official position.

Therefore, it is simply necessary to educate employees, and to do so constantly, competently and with all categories, from the beginning to the end of their service.

The main direction of work with the personnel of internal affairs bodies is the formation of a scientific worldview in them, the cultivation of high consciousness, integrity, legality, humanism and justice, ensuring a deep understanding and conscious support of state policy. A modern police officer must be a widely educated, highly cultured person with deep professional knowledge and skills in the field of sociology, politics, law, economics, ethics, psychology and pedagogy. Only under these conditions can he successfully fulfill the tasks assigned to him by the state and act as a guarantor of social justice.

According to the governing documents, personal responsibility for the organization, conduct and effectiveness of educational work rests with chiefs and deputies for personnel and educational work

The leading role in the education of internal affairs officers, two thirds of whom are young people, is played by traditions and rituals carried out in internal affairs bodies.

Traditions always consolidate what has been achieved in public and personal life, they are powerful means of stabilizing established social relations, play the role of social mechanisms for transmitting the relations of older generations to new generations, reproduce these relations in the lives of younger generations, and become a kind of guardians of the achievements of the past.

Particularly relevant in our time is the statement of F. E. Dzerzhinsky addressed to the security officers of past years, which can and should become the slogan of employees of all law enforcement agencies: “... only a person with a warm heart, a cool head and clean hands can be a security officer.”

Over the past few decades, many new traditions, rituals, and ceremonies have emerged and developed, which have become widespread in many regions and republics of the Russian Federation.

Among them are the solemn rituals of taking the Oath, presenting awards and conferring titles, seeing off for a well-deserved retirement, and others.

The development of these traditions and rituals is far from complete; it will take a lot of time for them to fully meet the needs and demands of our contemporaries, which will contribute to the formation of new relations between people based on legality, humanism, justice, fidelity to one’s duty, and civic responsibility.

professional employee ethics psychology

1. The system of traditions and rituals in the internal affairs bodies, their essence and significance

In their relationships, people have always adhered to certain rules that arose in the process of social development as ways of communication between people.

These norms and rules of behavior are reflected in traditions, customs, and rituals. Sometimes these concepts are identified, so it is necessary to consider the concepts of traditions, customs and determine their relationship with the concept of ritual.

There is a constant change of generations in society. Each older generation leaves for the future not only material values, achievements of science and culture, but also customs, norms of behavior, rules of interaction between people and groups. Many customs, like a relay race, are passed on from generation to generation, acquire a stable character, and become the unwritten law of society, its traditions. The word tradition comes from the Latin (traditio), which means transmission, narration.

In dictionaries and literature, many definitions of the concept of “tradition” are given. For example: “Traditions are historically established customs and norms of behavior that pass from generation to generation, accumulate and become moral rules for certain individuals, social groups, classes, peoples." Considering this definition, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the concepts of "tradition" and "customs". Currently, we are witnessing the widespread use of the concept of "tradition" in all areas of public life. It is used when talking about stable, repeating aspects, properties, relationships, phenomena of social reality. The use of the term “tradition” on a mass scale noticeably displaces the concept of “custom” from our vocabulary. This is explained not by fashion, but by objective historical circumstances. customs are narrowing, and the scope of tradition is becoming wider. In addition, when they say that every custom is also a tradition, but not every tradition is a custom, one more circumstance should be kept in mind: customs are not capable of changing, being structurally restructured and enriched with new components. as quickly as traditions. Thus, the relationship is such that the semantic load of “custom” is increasingly taken over by the deeper and more capacious concept of “tradition”.

So, the terms “tradition” and “custom” are related to each other by the relation of identity and difference. Their coincidence lies in the fact that both serve as an expression of the general, repeating, mass, both also mean a norm, a rule, the action of which is not ensured by the social apparatus of power, which is characteristic of state laws.

The term "tradition" in comparison with "custom" is more universal, suitable for all cases that, for one reason or another, are not covered by the concept of "custom".

As we found out, traditions are historically established customs and norms of human behavior passed down from generation to generation. These norms, as they develop, can become moral laws not only for individuals, but also for entire groups, classes, and nations. Historically established traditions have the force of unwritten laws. Essentially, all spheres of the spiritual life of society are characterized by elements of traditionalism.

Along with everything positive that was achieved by the previous generation, the younger generation, based on imitation of their elders and respect for their life experience, also assimilates established traditions.

Continuity of generations is a pattern of development of society. This is a two-way process in which the calling of the elders is to pass on to the younger generation all the best that has been accumulated over many years of struggle and labor, to instill in them high moral qualities, a sense of citizenship, the ability to put the interests of the Motherland above all else, and a readiness to defend their Fatherland with arms in hand. The duty of young people is to treat with dignity and care what has been won by their elders, to deeply master the essence of the transformations carried out in our country, and to be able to multiply this in everyday life.

The literature mainly examines three main groups of traditions: revolutionary, military or military-patriotic and labor. However, there are other traditions in society: professional, family, national, sports, traditions of art, literature, etc. These traditions are historically established customs and moral rules that have become the norm of behavior of the Russian people in war and peacetime, actively encouraging They perform their duty in an exemplary manner, honestly and conscientiously serve their people and Motherland.

Traditions manifest themselves most visibly and effectively during periods of upheaval, a sharp transition to new economic relations, in emergency situations in combat situations and everyday work.

The traditions of the internal affairs bodies are inseparable from the traditions of the Russian people. They arose and developed during the historical development of society, in the process of strengthening the social system and law and order. These are moral rules and customs that encourage employees to perform their official duties honestly and selflessly.

The traditions of internal affairs bodies can be defined as a set, or as a system of requirements, norms, which expresses the principles of organization and activity of bodies fighting crime and protecting law and order.

The source of these traditions is the social and state system, patriotism and internationalism.

The Russian police has its own, established traditions that encourage police officers to exemplary performance of official duty, honest and conscientious service to the people, to the comprehensive strengthening of law and order, strict adherence to the rule of law and official discipline. They have the power of an unwritten, but at the same time inviolable law and are protected by the public opinion of police teams, supported by the authority of senior comrades - veterans of the police and police.

Recent years have been years of further improvement of police activities. This was expressed, first of all, in the process of strengthening personnel, in increasing their professional, general educational and cultural level.

The idea of ​​the moral experience embodied in the honor, duty and professional dignity of a Russian police officer will be incomplete if we consider these important concepts for practice without connection with the historical experience of the Russian police. Taking into account this experience, we can confidently say that at times there was a problem of the moral qualities of a police officer, an objective need to transfer the moral experience of mature professionals to young personnel. This question is as old as the police.

Even in pre-Petrine times, traditions were laid in Russia in relation to the public service (sovereign service, as they said then) in combating crimes, in protecting public order, as a “good” cause, worthy, honorable, and important for all citizens. Before the word “police” came from the West, this service was called in Russian - the deanery service. In the “Order on City Decoration” of 1649, this term first appeared as a denotation of decency, public order - as the goal of the activities of the service, later called the police. The requirements for the qualities of officials were also lied there. The order spoke about the duties and behavior of those who were supposed to ensure “general peace” (the head of the circle, the gate clerk, the street watchman, the archers): “... in all the streets and alleys, day and night, walk and protect tightly so that in the streets and in the alleys there was fighting and robbery... and there was no other kind of theft..."

The progressive reformer Peter the first expressed his requirement for any civil service employee, including police officers, in a succinct and laconic formula: “Honor lies in serving the Fatherland.”

Convincing examples of attention to the moral character, honor and dignity of the rank and file and command of the Russian police.

In the police of pre-revolutionary Russia, a pocket book adapted for the lower ranks in the format “A Primer of a Modern Policeman” was widely used - a reference book, an assistant, a mentor. It contained an introduction and 60 articles.

A young, novice police officer had the opportunity, in his free moment, to calmly and thoroughly read this extremely useful “small police encyclopedia.” A fairly complete picture of the so-called “primer” is given by at least four articles devoted to rules, norms of official behavior of a police officer, moral norms-guidelines, norms-models, norms-prohibitions. These are articles 27, 28, 40 and 41.

Duties of a police officer. 1) Accurately and unquestioningly carry out the lawful orders of your superior. 2) Treat the public politely and respectfully, trying to answer all questions as accurately and definitively as possible, always expressing readiness to provide legal assistance. 3) At the first opportunity, report to your boss about everything you noticed, heard and saw. 4) Always speak only the truth and, acting as a witness, do not hide anything or add anything. 5) Have with you a notebook and a pencil in which to write down everything related to advents and phenomena that you will have to testify about in court. 6) Untruth is the most serious blasphemy for a police officer. 7) If you are unsure whether to fulfill someone’s request for arrest, invite everyone interested to the station, where the issue will be resolved by an officer. 8) If necessary, act independently: do everything quickly, energetically and decisively, otherwise help may be unnecessary.

The off-duty responsibilities of a police officer are the same as those on duty: to prevent and detect crimes by all possible means, and all the time remembering the dignity of their profession and purpose, to guard the interests of society.

Misdemeanors of a police officer are reduced to the following forms: 1) Drunkenness on duty and outside of duty. 2) Disobedience to elders. 3) Failure to comply with ordinary rules and regulations. 4) Disrespect for elders. 5) Unnecessary interference. 6) Unnecessary rudeness towards those arrested. 7) Impoliteness and swear words. 8) Notification to a private person about an order received or an incident and the state of affairs. 9) Giving information that could influence the case to the detriment of the service. 10) Absence from office or neglectful attitude towards it. 11) Negligence when it is necessary to immediately arrest the attacker. 12) Chatter and conversations during the service. 13) Acceptance of remuneration without reporting it. 14) Unauthorized absence from the station. 15) Quarrels with comrades. 16) Improper performance of official duties. 17) Forgetting to write down the necessary names and addresses and details of a criminal case or case. 18) Failure to provide assistance to someone who is sick or in an accident. 19) Borrow money and lend to elders. 20) Misconduct causing official harm.

Protocols. They are drawn up at the station only in the presence of the accused. The testimony of all witnesses and participants is listened to with patience. Witnesses and spectators of the incident cannot be detained on the same basis as the culprit - this will discourage them from assisting the police and restoring their violated rights. In particular, one must be careful in matters concerning the actions of the police themselves, so as not to show even a shadow of bias. In general, the police officer on duty at the police station must remember that he is responsible for the honor of the police uniform and the legality of police actions. Be polite and clearly willing to provide immediate assistance.

Having read the provisions of the “primer”, it is obvious that, despite the old-fashioned style of presentation, their content sounds absolutely modern.

This relatively late document, dated 1915, has its own, no less interesting, predecessors in the form of orders, charters, and manuals for police officers. And in each of them there is a gradually developing system of rules for police conduct, moral standards his activities, attitude to duty, honor, his professional dignity and the dignity of Russian citizens.

The high moral qualities of police personnel were especially evident during the Great Patriotic War. Near Moscow and Leningrad, Stalingrad and Novorossiysk, at the walls of Odessa, Kyiv, Sevastopol, Tula - everywhere, on the fronts and in the deep rear of the invaders, divisions, regiments, battalions of internal troops, and police officers bravely fought with the enemies. Many fighters and commanders of these formations were awarded the highest military honors. For military exploits at the front and in the rear, 270 thousand law enforcement soldiers were awarded orders and medals, among them about 70 Heroes Soviet Union and full holders of the Order of Glory. For the valor and courage shown during the war, the police of Moscow and Leningrad were awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

At the end of the war, the Soviet people began to restore the destroyed national economy. During this period of time, when the operational situation in the country seriously deteriorated, the police had to solve complex problems in maintaining public order and fighting crime so that our people could work and relax in peace. But, despite all the difficulties, the police officers honestly and conscientiously carried out their difficult service, remembering the behests of older generations, sacredly observing progressive traditions, constantly strengthening and developing them.

Life at every step gives us examples of heroic, selfless performance of duty by police officers. The Government highly values ​​the heroism, endurance and self-control shown by law enforcement soldiers. Over the last decade alone, thousands of police officers have been awarded orders and medals for the courage and dedication shown in the line of duty, and new heroes of Russia have emerged.

The internal affairs bodies are multinational in composition. They are staffed by representatives of all nationalities, and it is not the nationality, but the business qualities of the employee that are the determining condition for hiring and promotion.

One of the main traditions of police officers is loyalty to the oath, courage and heroism in the performance of official duty. These moral requirements are concentrated in the Oath. In the 20s and 30s, employees’ blades were engraved on the handles: “Don’t take it out without need, don’t put it in without glory.” These words can be considered a motto for all gun owners.

Every employee of the internal affairs bodies must firmly remember: weapons are not handed over to him as his own or for uncontrolled possession, but only to solve strictly defined tasks, to protect the interests of citizens and to fight crime. A weapon is not a toy; owning it does not expand an employee’s rights, but imposes duties and high responsibility on him.

Impunity for a minor offense creates dangerous changes in consciousness, corrupts a person, he becomes morally degraded, and, finally, commits a serious violation. This will not happen if the entire team, all colleagues are comradely uncompromising towards misconduct and principled in assessing the actions of the guilty employee.

Other glorious traditions are collectivism, camaraderie, and mutual assistance when performing official tasks. These traditions were formed and passed on from generation to generation by our people. “A man without friends is like a tree without roots,” “Perish yourself, but help your comrade,” this is what the popular proverbs say about this.

Solidarity, comradely mutual assistance, a sense of comradeship, readiness for self-sacrifice in the name of a common cause - these qualities have always, from the first days of the creation of the workers' and peasants' militia, distinguished employees of internal affairs bodies.

The remarkable tradition of the internal affairs bodies is the strictest adherence to the rule of law, respect for the rights and dignity of citizens.

The essence of legality is strict observance and conscientious execution of laws by everyone government agencies, public organizations, officials who must take care to protect the rights and interests of Russian citizens, as well as the obligation of every citizen to strictly comply with laws and established rules, and to actively participate in maintaining and strengthening law and order.

A police officer, being an official, is endowed with special state powers and acts on behalf of the state. Consequently, he must have a good knowledge and understanding of laws, regulations of the Russian Government, instructions and other governing documents. He must be able to correctly apply regulations and act within the limits of the rights and powers granted to him.

The most important tradition of the Russian police is patriotism, selfless devotion to the Motherland. To be devoted to one’s homeland means for police officers to selflessly fulfill their official duty, to put the interests of the people above all, and not to spare their lives in the struggle to strengthen law and order in the country.

Thus, the main traditions of the internal affairs bodies are:

boundless devotion and love for one’s Motherland, Fatherland;

close connection with the people, deep respect for people;

strict adherence to the law;

professional vigilance and discipline in the performance of one’s official duty, love for one’s work, desire to improve knowledge and skills;

patriotism and internationalism; scientific approach to the phenomena of social life.

Ritual (from the Latin word - ritual) is an integral part of the rite, a historically established form of complex symbolic behavior, an ordered system of actions.

Thus, ritual in relation to tradition, custom, rite and ceremonial can be defined as a kind of ritual and ceremonial, strictly regulated, traditional actions and norms of human behavior enshrined in laws.

Rituals arose on the basis of work activity and social relations primitive society, organically combining dances, music, and songs. The first rituals satisfied certain needs of people for self-expression, transmission of feelings and experiences. Ancient rituals are rightly considered one of the forms of primitive art, a specific form aesthetic development reality.

Each of the ancient rituals is a set of ceremonies - solemn and solemn-funeral processions, ceremonial receptions and rituals - traditional actions associated with the performance of certain social acts, traditional games, and entertainment. The performance of rituals was dictated by the strength of public opinion.

Each subsequent socio-economic formation had its own rituals, which were established, improved and developed.

In modern conditions, rituals emotionally express the meaning and content of traditions associated with the most important events in the life of society.

In internal affairs bodies, rituals are widely used. They are implemented in the form of conditional and symbolic actions, strictly regulated first by customs and public opinion, and then by laws and regulatory documents Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. For example, the ritual of taking the Oath and burying an employee is regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Police”, the Regulations on Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation and the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. These rituals seem to record the solemnity of the moment being experienced and express the inner meaning, the content of traditions associated with the most important events in the life and activities of internal affairs bodies.

Rituals are divided into the following types:

military-patriotic;

official;

civil;

family and household;

religious.

Let us consider in more detail the specifics of service rituals in internal affairs bodies. They cover the sphere of official relations and reveal the essence of the police service in the fight against crime and the causes that give rise to it.

Taking the Oath, presenting government awards, solemnly honoring those who distinguished themselves in service, burying those killed in the line of duty - in the sublime, emotional form of these rituals, the traditions of employees’ devotion to the Motherland, mutual assistance and revenue in extreme conditions are materialized.

Initiation as a police officer, presentation of service weapons, shoulder straps, special uniforms, laying of wreaths, ceremonial formations and marches, drill reviews, divorce and changing of guards, presentation of a service certificate, honoring veterans, farewell to retirement, burial of an employee, etc. reveal the relationship between the everyday life of employees and the conditions of operational and official activities, fosters professionalism, a conscientious attitude towards service, honesty, courage, decency and a conscientious attitude towards one’s official duty.

All of them are filled with ideological content, patriotic meaning and have enormous educational power.

Being interconnected, each of these groups has its own specific focus and sphere of influence on public and personal life. The group of military-patriotic holidays also includes the Day of Internal Affairs Officer, celebrated annually on November 10. This holiday lies, as it were, at the junction of two groups - national and professional holidays. On the one hand, it represents the rites and rituals of a special group of people whose profession is to protect and protect the legal rights of Russian citizens from criminal attacks, in this sense it is adjacent to professional rituals. On the other hand, some police rituals acquire socio-political significance and are held on public and state holidays.

The uniqueness of rituals as an element of spiritual culture lies in the fact that their content is manifested in symbolic form. This becomes possible through the use of symbols and attributes characteristic of each ritual.

Symbols can be an emotionally charged word, an expressive gesture, a socially significant object, or a memorial structure.

A symbol is a conventional sign, an image that contains important social information about a historical event or social phenomenon, its meaning, idea and ideals.

The symbols used in rituals include: the state flag, coat of arms, anthem of Russia, flags, coats of arms and anthems of the republics that are part of Russia, the CIS, foreign countries, memorial buildings, historical monuments, banners of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Municipal Internal Affairs Directorate, the Internal Affairs Directorate, including honorary ones, portraits, emblems, etc.

Ritual paraphernalia includes: banners, slogans, posters, badges and orders on uniform, patrol cars, text of the Oath, statutes, flowers, etc.

The symbolism and attributes of rituals awaken in employees deep aesthetic experiences, awareness of beauty and sublimity. Beauty calls for activity, disrupts the routine of thoughts and feelings, prepares the ground for the creation of a new, harmonious state of mind at a higher level of social content.

Thus, the constant development and improvement of rituals is a complex process of continuous change in both the form and their traditional content, generated by fundamental changes occurring in the internal affairs bodies.

Traditions and rituals as a factor of patriotic education in the system of internal affairs bodies

The educational impact of traditions is that they help personnel to understand the glorious path traversed by the police and to gain respect for the difficult and honorable service in the authorities. Promoting traditions helps to understand the importance of police activities for building a legal society in our country and, ultimately, improves the quality of work of internal affairs bodies.

That is why educating police officers in progressive traditions is one of the important tasks of heads of internal affairs bodies. This work must be constantly carried out and improved, while it is necessary to use all the variety of forms, methods and means of educating personnel in progressive traditions. Take an integrated approach to organizing all this work.

The prerequisites for the effective influence of progressive traditions on the process of personal development of employees of internal affairs bodies are:

unity of organizational and educational work;

selection of the most effective forms and methods of education based on traditions, a differentiated approach to them;

development of individual forms of work;

taking into account new phenomena of social life;

improving the forms and methods of patriotic education;

selection and concentration of main efforts on the most important areas, the ability to find the main direction in organizing this work.

In order to further improve the role of traditions in educational work with police personnel and improve the methodological skills of educators, it is necessary:

clearly formulate the content of the traditions of the internal affairs bodies, their psychological impact on personnel in the process of carrying out educational work;

organize the educational process so that the exploits of older generations serve as a beacon in the education of new generations of employees.

To do this, it is necessary to take into account the situation, the tasks facing the personnel in this moment, take into account the conditions of their use; actively use the educational capabilities of police rituals. Systematically generalize, develop, improve and widely popularize the positive experience of traditional and emerging new rituals.

The effectiveness of education based on traditions can be achieved in a variety of forms and methods. Among them:

a) forms and methods of emotional and sensory influence. They are characterized by solemnity, ceremony, musical and colorful decoration, poetry, and imagery. These include: parades, rallies, meetings, processions, shows, competitions, excursions, festivals, theatrical performances, visual information, ceremonial awards, meetings with veterans;

b) forms and methods of rational influence: public readings, conferences, lectures, lectures, conversations, reports, publications in the media, etc.

The main forms of education based on traditions are:

studying the history of the police and operational search units of the internal affairs department in which employees serve;

excursions to places of military glory with laying of wreaths at monuments and monuments;

visiting museums, including local history museums;

watching films and videos and their subsequent discussion;

celebration of Police Officer Day;

meetings with veterans of internal affairs bodies;

creation of museums, halls and rooms of military glory of internal affairs bodies;

ceremonial taking of the Oath and presentation of weapons to employees; ceremonial farewell to veterans on their well-deserved retirement;

drill reviews;

Days of Remembrance of those fallen at a combat post;

holding sports competitions dedicated to the memory of employees;

patronage of the families of deceased employees;

presenting veterans' council awards to young employees who have achieved the best performance in their careers;

conducting individual classes in the system of professional training of personnel, participating in the organization of professional skills competitions;

participation in courage lessons and other educational activities conducted for young employees;

search work on the design of the Book of Memory, development of projects for museum expositions, rooms of military glory.

Currently, employees support, preserve and enhance the following positive traditions:

a) personal involvement with the heroic past of the Fatherland, with the memory of heroic employees who died at combat posts. Employee ownership, in turn, is realized by:

fundraising among employees for the opening of Glory memorials, obelisks, monuments, steles, as well as labor participation in their construction and reconstruction.

support in the proper form and order of burial sites, fences, monuments on the graves of fallen comrades. The personnel of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region take an active part in this work

moral and material support for the families of deceased employees. The Main Internal Affairs Directorate of St. Petersburg, the Main Internal Affairs Directorate of Moscow, etc. have registered many families of employees who died in the line of duty. All of them are constantly provided with moral support and social help: lump sum and insurance benefits are paid, pensions are assigned. Families of the victims who have minor children are given monthly subsidies from charitable funds, given free theater tickets, and practical assistance in solving everyday problems, treating and resting children, sending teenagers to educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and finding them employment. In this regard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia acted quite rightly, which, in response to the proposal of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate of St. Petersburg, the Leningrad and Moscow regions, enshrined in a regulatory act the right to non-competitive admission of children of employees who died or were injured to all educational institutions of the internal affairs system;

participation in search expeditions to search for the remains and identify missing Soviet soldiers during the war.

b) providing mutual assistance and support to fellow service members who find themselves in an extreme situation.

c) manifestations of humanism. For many years, the personnel of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Pskov Region have been patronizing orphanages and boarding schools.

It is necessary to dwell on the concept of “ritual” in more detail and give a description of the rituals that exist in the internal affairs bodies.

“Ritual is usually understood as a historically established, stable type of tradition passed on from generation to generation, implemented in the forms of conditional and symbolic actions, strictly regulated first by customs and public opinion, and then by laws. Rituals express the inner meaning, the content of traditions associated with the most important events in the life of a given society, personify certain social relations and the existing social order."

The rituals of the internal affairs bodies embody the noble ideals of courage, perseverance and heroism, the unity of high goals, for which police officers fight shoulder to shoulder with the entire people. They cover the scope of educational and daily work activities. These rituals instill in personnel high moral and psychological qualities, which are extremely necessary for service in the internal affairs bodies.

The rituals of the internal affairs bodies are a kind of spectacle, a mass theatrical performance. Labor and martial traditions, embodied in rituals, not only convince, but also generate an unprecedented surge of energy, cause extraordinary inspiration, because they are clothed in a bright individual uniform, are perceived as immediate reliable facts. In the process of performing rituals, thanks to the traditions embodied in them, there is an active education of personnel.

The constant development and improvement of rituals is a complex process of continuous change, both forms and their traditional content, generated by fundamental changes occurring in the internal affairs bodies.

Traditions live on and are enriched by new experiences. One of the conditions for the formation of positive customs and traditions is that the ritual, ceremonial side of the tradition must be carefully thought out down to the smallest detail.

In the achievements of today, the fruits of the heroic labor of all generations of fighters for the victory of the new social system are clearly visible. Loyalty to progressive traditions is a characteristic feature of employees of internal affairs bodies. Devotion to official duty, patriotism and internationalism, ideological conviction, active life position, high culture and education, conscientious attitude to the performance of official duties, adherence to the norms of the code of honor are mandatory qualities of employees of internal affairs bodies.

The effectiveness of the influence of traditions on the process of forming an employee’s personality depends both on their content, emotional orientation, and on the organization of all educational work. The ability to properly organize the daily work activities of each organ and department and create a healthy moral and psychological climate in the team seems to be very important. At the same time, it is very important to preserve traditions that express the spirit of cohesion, camaraderie and mutual assistance, mutual respect and exactingness. In this case, traditions cover all members of the team with their influence and influence the process of formation of their interests, views and feelings.

Social practice shows that the formation of a person’s personality based on the most important traditions of the people is successfully carried out only under the condition of the unification and coordination of all forces and means, and the constant search for ways to improve this work taking into account the requirements of the time. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that in the organization of educational work there is always a maximum of initiative, creativity and responsibility, so that they take place at a high ideological and organizational level. To achieve this, it is advisable for each manager to systematically analyze the work to promote the best traditions of the internal affairs bodies and strive to achieve it in every possible way. high level efficiency. To this end, you should:

actively and deeply study best practices;

promote the traditions of educating employees using examples of heroism and courage;

carry out this work constantly and purposefully;

search for and implement new, advanced forms and methods of this work;

choose the main direction and focus on the most important areas of work;

take into account new phenomena of social life and the tasks facing employees at the moment.

Education based on the traditions of personnel should be solved through the integrated use of various forms and means, and it should be ensured that all the main traditions of the internal affairs bodies are characterized by solemnity, emotionality, and attractiveness. This will help to find more and more adherents of good traditions, will contribute to their spread and strengthening. The heroic past of the people and internal affairs bodies always remains an inexhaustible source for further improvement of educational work with personnel. In it, the main attention should be focused on ensuring that each employee understands the essence and significance of progressive traditions, is imbued with deep respect for them, strives to follow the example of heroes, and realizes his role and responsibility in enhancing the affairs of older generations. The practice of pedagogy over the past decades has developed its own theory and system of measures aimed at the continuity of educational influence on the individual. This theory has been tested and proved its vitality and necessity. The internal affairs bodies serve people of a wide age range with already established worldviews, views, and norms of behavior. Therefore, the educational process with this category of personnel has its own characteristics. Characteristic only of adult pedagogy. Experience shows that one of the most effective areas of educating an adult is influencing his feelings with the help of a special type of emotional experiences that have a distinct and pronounced objective character and are characterized by comparative stability. In this sense, feelings are associated with the idea or idea of ​​some object - specific or generalized (love for the Motherland). The most common types of emotional impact on a person are rituals, which arise on the basis of folk experience, highlighting the aesthetic, visual and sensual side. Thus, the educational impact of police rituals and traditions lies in the fact that they personify service in the internal affairs bodies, dedication, self-sacrifice and courage in fulfilling one’s duty to the Motherland and the people.

Conclusion

Quite a lot significant dates and events are noted in departments of internal affairs bodies. Life and practice confront us with more and more new tasks of reorganizing our life, developing perfect forms of rituals. New traditions, rituals and holidays become an active driving force, confirm moral standards, and enrich our culture. An interested, close look at the life of your organizations, public formations of personnel will allow you to see bottlenecks, changing issues, create conditions for the manifestation of initiative, will help to unite the team on a fundamentally new basis, and sweep away the habit of doing things in the old way. Well-organized, informal, memorable celebrations, bringing new, bright colors to life, lift spirits and unite people. Therefore, improving the organization and conduct of professional holidays and rituals in police teams is one of the most important areas in working with personnel of internal affairs bodies in the education of police officers, the formation and further growth of their moral culture.

Our traditions and rituals contribute to the further strengthening and development of conscious discipline and organization of all members of our society, fostering in difficult modern conditions a highly developed sense of responsibility and public duty. The main thing in the ritual is the awareness of duty and responsibility to one’s people, the team and the entire society. Each new ritual reflects the feelings experienced for one’s homeland and love for one’s native land.

The process of creating each ritual or holiday is complex and lengthy. Success in this matter accompanies those employees of the personnel apparatus who strive to understand and comprehend the intricacies of ritual formation, know how to attract talented organizers and specialists to this activity, and spare no effort or time for this.

In service and Everyday life The rank and file and commanding staff of the internal affairs bodies of Russia are guided by the ethical standards and moral obligations of the Code of Honor, one of which is the preservation and enhancement of the best service traditions of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: patriotism, camaraderie and mutual assistance, courage and selflessness, nobility and self-sacrifice, sensitivity to human needs and I'm on fire, fidelity to duty, skill and professionalism."

Bibliography

1. Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Federal Law of November 30, 2011 No. 342 Federal Law "On service in internal affairs bodies and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation."

Model Code of Ethics and Official Conduct for Civil Servants (approved by the decision of the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Combating Corruption dated December 23, 2010, protocol No. 21).

Oath of an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.

Large encyclopedic dictionary. Ed. 2nd, revised and additional - M.: Bolshaya Russian encyclopedia, 1998

Lutskin V.V., Reznichenko G.I., Rituals in Russian police: Educational - Toolkit. - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2004.

Kukushin V.M., Your professional ethics Moscow 1994

Ivanov P.V., Lutskin V.V. Education of employees in the traditions of internal affairs bodies: training manual, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2002.

MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

UFA LAW INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY

I APPROVED

Head of the department

criminology and psychology

police major

T.A. Khabibullin

LECTURE

by academic discipline

“PEDAGOGY IN THE ACTIVITIES OF ITS EMPLOYEES”

on topic No. 2

“Pedagogical foundations of education and training

Department of Internal Affairs employees"

specialty 030501.65 Jurisprudence

Time – 2 hours

The lecture was prepared by Associate Professor of the Department of Criminology and Psychology, Police Colonel, Ph.D. L.V. Safronova

Discussed and approved

at a department meeting

Purpose of the lecture: consider the categories of education and training of employees as the most important factor in the formation of personality, consider the essence and content of the process of education of personnel in the internal affairs department and the content and features of the process of training of employees of internal affairs bodies, as well as the characteristics of the main forms and methods of education of personnel, principles, forms and methods of training personal composition of internal affairs bodies and legal education in the learning process.

Didactic materials for the lecture:

Computer graphics, diagrams, slides.

Literature

Main:

Levitan K.M. Legal pedagogy: textbook / K. M. Levitan. – M.: Norma, 2008.

Mukhametshin F.B., Safronova L.V. Introduction to pedagogy: A textbook for adjuncts. – Ufa: UUIM of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2006.

Legal pedagogy: Textbook for universities / Ed. V.Ya. Kikotya and others - M.: UNITY-DANA, Law and Law, 2004.

Additional:

Iskhakov E.R., Bagishaev Z.A. Professional pedagogy: Textbook. – Ufa: UUIM of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2006.

Kodzhaspirova G.M. Pedagogical dictionary: For students. higher and Wednesday textbook establishments // G.M. Kodzhaspirova, A.Yu. Kojaspirov. – M., 2003.

Reforming the system of educational work in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: Collection of materials for the educational and methodological collection of heads of apparatus on work with the personnel of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Krasnodar, March 31 - April 1, 2008) / Under the general. ed. V.L. Kubyshko. – M., TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2008.

Safronova L.V. Personality: the problem of definition // Bulletin of the UUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 2006. No. 4. P. 65-72.

Safronova L.V., Rakhmatullin R.Yu. Cultural sample as an element of culture: pedagogical aspect // Bulletin of the UUI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. – 2007. – No. 3 – P. 56-62.

Lecture plan.

General concept about education as the most important factor in personality formation. The essence and content of the process of training personnel in the internal affairs department.

Characteristics of the main forms and methods of training personnel.

Principles, forms and methods of training police personnel.

Legal education in the learning process.

Introduction

In the field of law enforcement agencies, pedagogy has its own characteristics, content inherent in this branch of human activity and specific tasks in the field of education and features of the training process for police officers.

It’s good if law enforcement agencies employ impeccable employees who are well-mannered, love their job, dedicated to duty, responsible, diligent, cultured, etc., but a person changes over time under the influence of many factors. The life of law enforcement agencies convincingly confirms this. Therefore, the education and training of personnel must be viewed as an important positive factor.

Relevance is that the success of educational work is often determined by the ability to create a creative atmosphere in a team of police officers: to ensure that each employee works willingly, improves his skills, and improves the culture of interpersonal relations. Solving these problems is possible only with competent organization of educational work and the desire of employees to work on their improvement, training and development.

Theoretical and practical significance The lecture is that the professional activities of police officers are often associated with educational functions, in addition, working with law enforcement officers is also a process of developing and improving their social qualities, professional development, and sometimes the formation of new professionally important qualities.

Question 1. General concept of education as the most important factor in personality formation. The essence and content of the process of training personnel in the police department.

Back in the 16th century, the famous French thinker M. Montaigne (1533-1592) wrote: “The greatest and most important difficulties of human knowledge are encountered precisely in that section of science that deals with education and training.”

In modern science, the concept of “education” has several meanings. It is considered as:

Firstly, as a function of human society to transfer previously accumulated values ​​to new generations: knowledge, morality, work experience,

Secondly, this term refers to the social formation of personality. In this case, we mean the entire space that forms the personality, i.e. school, family pedagogy, environmental influence on personality, influence of friendly environment, social institutions, the media, both in organized and pedagogically unorganized forms, their influence on the development of younger generations, the formation of their social experience.

Thirdly, there is a third interpretation of the concept of “education”. It leads directly to the professional activities of specialist teachers and is defined as managing the process of development of the student’s personality. From here a number of derivatives are formed: “educational process”, “educational work”, “methods of education”, “means and forms of education”.

In the activities of police officers, education is understood as a purposeful process of formation and improvement of the most important social and professionally important qualities of an individual as a citizen of society and a bearer of universal human values: spiritual, ideological, patriotic, humane, behavioral, moral, legal, cultural, labor, etc. Working with law enforcement officers is also a process of developing and improving their social qualities, professional development, and sometimes the formation of new professionally important qualities. Education in a police department is a continuation of the formation of citizens of society, which, by and large, is intended to accompany everyone’s entire life and be carried out always and everywhere. Celebrating it, pedagogy speaks of the upbringing of a person by all circumstances of life.

In relation to internal affairs bodies, education faces the following tasks:

Creation of a system of influences on the consciousness and behavior of employees. This system includes: civic, moral, legal, professional, aesthetic, economic and other education. The implementation of this system presupposes the mastery by police officers of a system of relevant knowledge in social sciences and the formation on this basis of a scientific worldview, moral convictions, and consciousness;

Organization of official and non-official socially useful activities of employees;

Ensuring correct official and non-official relations between managers (supervisors) and subordinates, between members of the team of employees;

Caring for the health of employees, developing their physical strength, satisfying their reasonable material and spiritual needs, strengthening their everyday life and family life;

Formation among employees of the need, desire and ability for self-education, comprehensive development of their personality, professional improvement, and team strengthening;

Pedagogization of the environment, i.e. organizing the environment for its formation in such a way that it has an educational effect on employees.

Features of the training process for police officers include:

Specific focus of education;

Implementation during education of moral and psychological preparation for actions in service conditions;

The objects of education are adults who already have established views and habits;

The education of police officers is carried out by immediate superiors, who are endowed with greater rights and powers;

Education takes place constantly in a team that has a special organization, statutory relationships, and a unique way of life.

Employee education is successful in conditions where a reasonable interaction of objective and subjective factors is achieved.

Subject Education in the internal affairs department is carried out by leaders of all categories, as well as teams of departments and services, and various public formations.

Specific in the activities of the head of the internal affairs body is that he must solve the problems of training personnel in close connection with solving the problems of law enforcement activities, which often take place in a difficult operational situation with a shortage of time.

Educational activity is possible only if there is interaction between educators and those being educated, the establishment of mutual understanding between them, consistent with the goals of education. One of important conditions The correct educational relationship between the teacher and the student is to take into account the characteristics of the object of educational influence. What is specific to the object of education is that it is also a subject (subject to active work on its improvement).

Features of the organization of the education system in a law enforcement agency. The educational system in a law enforcement agency includes five main areas of educational work:

– creation of a nurturing environment,

– ensuring the educational nature of law enforcement activities and its management,

– ensuring the educational nature of professional training in a law enforcement agency,

– the use of special general forms of educational work,

– stimulation of self-education.

Creating a nurturing environment is carried out through the correct construction of the management of the body, maintaining order, proper support, creating in the team a business atmosphere of responsibility for the state of law and order, a sense of cooperation and camaraderie, healthy public opinion, moral and psychological climate, the formation of healthy traditions and customs.

Ensuring the educational nature of law enforcement activities and its management is carried out by the individual work of everyone on its self-improvement, by example and help from work colleagues, seniors, mentors, bosses, by the use of pedagogical technologies by managers in the management process, by imparting an educational character to all forms of group discussion of ways to improve activities (meetings, discussions in groups, debriefings, summing up results, using incentives that increase conscientiousness in work, rewards and punishments, etc.).

Paths ensuring the educational nature of professional training in a law enforcement agency the use of evidence, verbal persuasion, suggestion, emotional influence, demands, assessments, approval, condemnation, motivation, persuasion by example and personal experience, encouragement for self-esteem and introspection, comparison, teamwork, competitive relations, organizing the provision of comradely assistance to those lagging behind, encouragement mutual support and revenue; the leader's display of fairness, benevolence, democracy, and personal exemplary passion for his work; differentiated and individual approach, self-study tasks with subsequent testing, individual assistance; simulating situations of failure of the first attempt to solve a problem, supporting those who are experiencing difficulties, advance trust and many others;

Application of special general forms of educational work It is intended to enhance the effect of its other directions, to supplement it with educational influences that are weak or applicable in them. This direction is implemented by holding meetings, discussions, lectures, meetings with the population, veterans, participants in military operations, organizing work with families, etc.

Stimulating self-education. Self-education is an indispensable element of the adult education system. No one can make a person what he stubbornly does not want to be. Self-education is the meaningful, purposeful work of a police officer to develop positive character traits, professional and business qualities and standards of behavior, determined by the personal and professional interests of the employee and the needs of society.

The unity and interrelation of education and personality development is a regularity of the education process. Its result—personal development—depends on quality education. In turn, the content, forms and methods of education depend on the level of general development of those being educated.

The basis of the educational process, the source of the formation of socially valuable personality traits, is activity and communication. The more expediently the activities of those being educated are organized that are useful to society, the more intelligently their communication is structured, the more effectively the educational process proceeds - this is its pattern.

The study of people, facts and patterns of upbringing as specific relationships allows us to consider the holistic process of upbringing as the totality of all educational relationships, determined by the goals of upbringing and the corresponding activities of its participants.

The pedagogical influence of educators on the pupils involves the purposeful organization of activity, communication, systematic and planned development of the intellectual, emotional and volitional spheres. There are three main functions of interaction between educators and students:

1. The developmental function consists of developing the personality of the student in the process of interaction with the teacher.

2. Educational - in the implementation of educational goals regarding the individual and the group in which the individual is included.

3. Organizational comes down to the expedient construction of the activities and communication of those being educated, due to which these processes become means purposeful formation teams and their members.

The process of education is carried out through direct (immediate) and indirect influence, based on principles, certain methods, techniques and means, in appropriate forms.

It can be argued that a pedagogically competent organized education system, with all its specificity in a hard-working practical body, contributes to solving the problems facing the internal affairs department. Its creation is real, does not require any supernatural efforts and mainly depends on the responsibility, efficiency and pedagogical professionalism of its main subjects.

Conclusions on the first question. Education in a police department is a continuation of the formation of citizens of society, which, by and large, is intended to accompany everyone’s entire life and be carried out always and everywhere. Celebrating it, pedagogy speaks of the upbringing of a person by all circumstances of life.

The tasks of pedagogy are related to the pedagogization of the environment, i.e. organizing the environment of its formation in such a way that it has an educational effect on employees. These include: creating a system of influences on the consciousness and behavior of employees; organization of official and non-official socially useful activities of employees; ensuring correct official and non-official relations between managers (supervisors) and subordinates, between members of the team of employees, etc.

The education of police officers is carried out by immediate superiors, who are endowed with greater rights and powers. A specific feature of the activities of the head of an internal affairs body is that he must solve the tasks of training personnel in close connection with solving the problems of law enforcement activities, which often take place in a difficult operational environment with a shortage of time.

History shows that education is a priority at turning points in the life of the state, society and people.

And it is during such periods that the implementation of education is fraught with considerable difficulties, and nevertheless, any reforms and decisions are doomed to failure if they are not supported by increased attention to education, closely linked to the realities of the changes taking place. The universal truths of education, which have evolved over centuries, do not become obsolete, but at each new methodological period of time they require new understanding and require new technological developments. Moreover, the problems become more complicated if in the previous period the work of education was weakened. This is exactly the situation that occurs in modern conditions of the activities of internal affairs bodies.

It is no coincidence that the Russian Minister of Internal Affairs refers educational work in one of the most important areas work with personnel and ensuring operational and official activities6. TO shortcomings carrying out this work he attributes:

Underestimation of the place and role of educational work in the system of ensuring operational and official activities;

Declarative and detached from life nature of the conduct;

Its insufficient effectiveness, which does not stand the test of real practice,

Failure to have the proper impact on the results of operational activities,

Official discipline and legality;

Outdated approaches, organization,

Principles, forms and methods that do not take into account the realities of today;

Lack of a departmental system of information and propaganda influence on personnel;

Unconstructive opposition of material and moral principles in motivating employees;

The predominance of repressive practices in relation to erring employees, while negative manifestations could be prevented with proactive systematic education of personnel;

Weak connection with civil society institutions;

Significant outflow of personnel and erosion of the professional core of internal affairs bodies (especially the criminal investigation department and the service of local inspectors);

Insufficient level of pedagogical culture of some managers involved in the education of subordinates, etc.

Weaknesses in the education of personnel are considered by the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as the causes of many shortcomings in operational activities: increasing cases of inattentive response of employees to messages and statements of citizens about the commission of crimes, hiding them from registration, unjustified termination or refusal to initiate criminal cases, falsification of reporting data on the detection of crimes, illegal actions, reducing the level of public trust in government authorities, etc. The reduction in the number of educational staff, the curtailment of training and retraining of specialist educators for internal affairs bodies were recognized as erroneous.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs is tasked with the task of modernizing the educational work system with the personnel of internal affairs bodies and units, for which significant changes are made to its nature, content and organization, aimed at:

Restoring the attitude towards educational work as the most important direction for increasing the efficiency of operational activities and solving problems assigned to internal affairs bodies;

Determining the place of educational work in ensuring the operational and service activities of the entire system of internal affairs bodies, aimed at:

Formation in employees of a complex of civil, moral, spiritual and other professionally significant qualities of a police officer, determined by the needs of this activity;

Training of employees capable of implementing the tasks of law enforcement in a democratic society, ready to respect the constitutional rights of man and citizen and in practice to effectively protect them;

Ensuring high anti-corruption resistance of employees and reliable immunity to professional personality deformations;

Development of a scientific basis for the development of a system of educational work in relation to modern conditions;

Creation of a regulatory, legal and methodological basis for the functioning of educational work both within the ministry and directly in the internal affairs bodies of the constituent entities of the Federation;

Bringing the organizational and staffing structure of educational apparatuses into line with the changed conditions;

Organization of training and retraining of specialist educators for internal affairs bodies;

Organization of training for managers at all levels of the theory and practice of educating subordinates, increasing their pedagogical and managerial competence. “The main figure in the system of organizing educational work with personnel was and remains the head, and first of all the head of the internal affairs department. It is he who is entrusted with personal responsibility for the organization and state of educational work with subordinates.”

Work in these areas is already underway, but much more remains to be done. And here it is very important to realize the complexity of this task and the need for high pedagogical competence to successfully solve it.

“The path to respect for the employee’s profession... and support from the state may turn out to be hopelessly long if in the minds of each of us there is no understanding of the complexity of the modern period of social development, development of our own impeccable line of behavior in the service and at home, awareness of our personal significance in the matter of service citizen, society and state,” said the Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Legal pedagogy has theoretical and applied developments that can contribute to the implementation of educational work to improve its quality and efficiency. And here it should be remembered that the task of modernizing the entire system of educational work requires new theoretical and applied pedagogical developments to solve the most pressing, modern problems.

Related information.

Education has always been and is of a specific historical nature; it is closely related to the socio-economic, political, spiritual, moral and cultural state of society. The effectiveness of education in the conditions of the revival of democratic Russia and the solution of large-scale national tasks of social renewal is determined not only by how it ensures that a person assimilates original cultural values ​​and social experience, but also by the readiness and preparedness of citizens for conscious activity. Ultimately, the most important result of education is a person’s readiness for self-education and self-development. An active, comprehensively developed personality is the main resource for the further development of society, the state and its apparatus - the internal affairs bodies.

Creating an effective pedagogical system The education of employees of internal affairs bodies has acquired a decisive character and has become a priority direction of state personnel policy. This is explained, first of all, by the tasks facing the internal affairs bodies in the conditions of the turning point that Russia is experiencing today. In Art. 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, our state is defined as a legal state, and for it to actually become such, the education of the personnel must be impeccable, without which it is impossible to count on well-being in other areas of its functioning.

Under educational work In internal affairs bodies, the purposeful activities of managers, personnel and educational apparatuses, and public institutions are understood to develop high professional, civic and moral-psychological qualities among employees, increase the level of general culture, and mobilize them for the effective implementation of operational and official tasks.

In the general pedagogical understanding, education is a systemic, purposeful activity of the state and society, their institutions and institutions, administrative, industrial, public organizations and individuals to assist citizens in their social (political, legal, moral, cultural, etc.) personal growth in the interests of themselves and society (Stolyarenko A.M.).

Education (educational influence) on internal affairs bodies employees is carried out in specially created organizations (OU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation) and in organizations involved in it along with the performance of their official functions (OVD). Thus, we can say that education is a permanent process that continues throughout the entire period of the employee’s service.

In modern science, the concept of “education” has several meanings. It is considered as: 1) as a function of human society to transfer previously accumulated values ​​to new generations: knowledge, morality, work experience, 2) this term refers to the social formation of personality. In this case, we mean the entire space that shapes the personality (school, family pedagogy, environmental influence, the influence of friendly surroundings, social institutions, the media, etc.); 3) management of the process of development of the student’s personality. From here a number of derivatives are formed: “educational process”, “educational work”, “methods of education”, “means and forms of education”.

In the activities of police officers, education is understood as a purposeful process of formation and improvement of the most important social and professionally important qualities of an individual as a citizen of society and a bearer of universal human values: spiritual, ideological, patriotic, humane, behavioral, moral, legal, cultural, labor, etc. Working with law enforcement officers is also a process of developing and improving their social qualities, professional development, and sometimes the formation of new professionally important qualities.

Features of the training process for police officers include:

Specific focus of education;

Implementation during education of moral and psychological preparation for actions in service conditions;

The objects of education are adults who already have established views and habits;

The education of police officers is carried out by immediate superiors, who are endowed with greater rights and powers;

Education takes place constantly in a team that has a special organization, statutory relationships, and a unique way of life.

Upbringing - multifactorial process. It is necessary to take into account and use objective and subjective factors that influence the formation and development of an employee’s personality (see Fig. 2).

The correspondence of subjective factors to the objective conditions in which the employee’s personality is formed helps to successfully solve educational problems. Multifactoriality as a feature educational process, is that, firstly, self-education is a powerful factor influencing the individual, and secondly, the education of an employee is influenced by other factors, taking into account which is important when organizing and conducting educational work.

The following groups of factors influencing the education process are distinguished:

1. macroenvironmental factors (society) - through socio-economic relations; through ideology, morality, law; through the media.

2. Microenvironment (family, work team, friends...) through relationships; through public opinion; through group sentiments; through traditions, customs

3. Activity (through content; through conditions; through organization)

4. Education (self-education)

5. Biological factor (heredity factor) inclinations, inclinations

Rice. 2. Factors influencing the formation and development of personality.

It is necessary to create a relatively controlled “educational environment”, which represents set of microfactors– the immediate environment, living conditions and service of employees. These factors can be consciously influenced in order to change them and ensure a positive impact on the socialization of employees. Only taking into account the influence of these factors, the system social education employees in the city regional internal affairs agency becomes an integral system.

Microenvironmental factors can be represented in the form of certain characteristics of the conditions of service, including:

1) the level of organization of service in the city regional internal affairs agency;

2) the socio-economic status of employees, the level of their salary;

3) the level of material and technical support for operational and service activities;

4) the level of information, computer and legal support for the activities of the city regional internal affairs agency;

5) system of incentives and rewards for employees;

6) the state of the moral and psychological climate in the service team;

7) level of organization of cultural, leisure and sports spheres;

8) the nature of relations with local authorities;

9) the level of legal and social protection of employees.

With a favorable state or positive change in these microfactors (characteristics of the “educational environment”), more favorable conditions are created for the development and self-realization of the personality of a city district agency employee, the formation of professionally significant and moral qualities and, ultimately, the efficiency of work activities increases.

The education of employees of internal affairs bodies is carried out on the basis of the provisions of the Constitution, laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, charters, orders, directives and other regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Priority goals educational work are:

– formation in employees of internal affairs bodies of a complex of civil, moral, spiritual and other professionally significant personality qualities, determined by the needs and characteristics of operational and official activities;

– achieving a high degree of motivational readiness of personnel for the unconditional and high-quality performance of operational and service tasks, reliability and controllability in any situation; formation and maintenance of a healthy, stable moral and psychological state of personnel;

– training of employees capable of successfully solving the problems of law enforcement activities with strict adherence to official discipline and the rule of law, standards of professional ethics, and ensuring guarantees for the protection of human and civil rights.

The goals of educational work are achieved and implemented by solving the following tasks:

– formation of the state-legal worldview of employees of internal affairs bodies on the basis of statehood, patriotism, fidelity to the Oath, compliance with the norms of the Code of Honor of ordinary and commanding personnel of internal affairs bodies;

– mobilization of personnel of internal affairs bodies to successfully solve operational and official tasks, strengthening the rule of law and official discipline;

– ensuring a differentiated approach in organizing and conducting educational work with various categories of personnel, primarily the professional development and formation and development of the personality of young employees of internal affairs bodies;

– fostering respect for the history, culture, language, traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation;

– development of employees’ system of moral beliefs, value orientations, needs and motives for professional activity;

– education for employees of internal affairs bodies professional qualities necessary for the conscious performance of official duty, including in extreme conditions;

– formation of a healthy moral and psychological climate in the teams of internal affairs bodies;

– using the capabilities of public organizations of internal affairs bodies in the field of educational work with personnel;

– instilling a culture of professional behavior and communication with people;

– formation of psychological stability of personnel to moral, mental and physical stress in the process of performing official duties;

– formation and support of a positive public opinion about the activities of internal affairs bodies, increasing the authority and prestige of the profession of an employee of internal affairs bodies, etc.

The currently functioning system of educational work with personnel of internal affairs bodies has an established structure - a certain set of elements and connections between them

The structure of educational work includes:

1) subjects of education, which include managers, personnel staff, mentors, public formations of the internal affairs body;

2) goals and objectives of educational work;

4) means of educational work;

5) forms of educational work;

6) methods of educational work;

7) the object of educational influence - the personality of an employee of the internal affairs body, certain categories of employees, the service team as a whole;

8) the results of educational influence - the formation of the necessary professional and moral qualities of the individual and value orientations, as well as the results of the operational and service activities of the team.

Subject Education in the internal affairs department is carried out by leaders of all categories, as well as teams of departments and services, and various public formations. Subjects of educational work in the city district internal affairs agency carry out targeted educational influence on the employee’s personality in the following areas:

– formation of a state-legal worldview;

– professional and moral education;

– legal education;

– developing the readiness and ability to resist the penetration of manifestations of nationalism, xenophobia, political and religious extremism into service teams;

– patriotic education;

– aesthetic education.

Specific in the activities of the head of the internal affairs body is that he must solve the problems of training personnel in close connection with solving the problems of law enforcement activities, which often take place in a difficult operational situation with a shortage of time.

Educational activity is possible only if there is interaction between educators and those being educated, the establishment of mutual understanding between them, consistent with the goals of education. One of the important conditions for correct educational relations between the teacher and the student is taking into account the characteristics of the object of educational influence. What is specific to the object of education is that it is also a subject (subject to active work on its improvement).

The pedagogical influence of educators on the pupils involves the purposeful organization of activity, communication, systematic and planned development of the intellectual, emotional and volitional spheres. There are three main functions of interaction between educators and students:

1. The developmental function consists of developing the personality of the student in the process of interaction with the teacher.

2. Educational - in the implementation of educational goals regarding the individual and the group in which the individual is included.

3. Organizing comes down to the expedient construction of the activities and communication of those being educated, due to which these processes become means of the purposeful formation of teams and their members.

The process of education is carried out through direct (immediate) and indirect influence, based on principles, certain methods, techniques and means, in appropriate forms.

A pedagogically competent organized education system, with all its specificity in a hard-working practical body, contributes to solving the problems facing the internal affairs department. Its creation is real, does not require any supernatural efforts and mainly depends on the responsibility, efficiency and pedagogical professionalism of its main subjects.

An important component of the success of the head of internal affairs bodies is knowledge of the principles of education and the ability to implement their requirements in practice. The principles of education are scientifically based pedagogical provisions that reflect its laws and express the requirements for the content, methodology and organization of the education process. The principles reflect advanced social and pedagogical ideas, norms, goals and values ​​of professional education. The principles as general fundamental provisions are equivalent; among them there are no major or minor ones. Therefore, they require complexity when used in the educational process.