Development of children 5 6 years old. Psychology of a five-year-old child

Five-year-olds are officially called senior preschoolers. The child has his own view, opinion, and it is very important for him that adults treat this with respect.

What does a child learn at the age of 5-6 years?

According to the law, a child goes to school no earlier than 6.5 years old. But active learning can be done now. If your child does not go to kindergarten, find out the curriculum so that at school he will not lag behind his peers.

The leading activity (that is, the one during which skills and abilities are best formed) in children of the sixth year of life is still play. Classes should not be academic and boring: play, do experiments, make up stories, joke.

What can children 5-6 years old know?

• run and jump deftly and quickly;
• catch, throw, throw the ball;
• play sport games, participate in relay races;
• know and apply the rules of etiquette;

• analyze the text, characterize the characters, explain their actions;
• know synonyms and antonyms;
• cut well with scissors;
• know your address;
• count to ten;
• understand what objects are made of.

Physical characteristics of a child at 5-6 years old

The peculiarity of this period is a growth spurt. In one season, your child can grow by 5-8 cm, and the weight will remain virtually unchanged. A growing body needs good nutrition - with enough protein, vegetables, fruits, and grains.

Fine motor skills become more perfect: the child almost completely takes care of himself without the help of his parents. He not only knows how to dress and put on shoes, but also ties his own shoelaces.

Gross motor skills are developing: the child can already master a two-wheeled bicycle or skates, learn to hit the ball off the ground, like in basketball. At this age, endurance and strength increase significantly.

Psycho-emotional development of a child at 5-6 years old

Experts believe that between the ages of 5 and 7, almost 90% of an adult’s personality traits are formed. Don't forget that children don't listen to our words so much as they look at our behavior. Lead by example.

Memory, horizons, concentration, all this should be developed and strengthened right now, when the child happily learns new things and absorbs knowledge like a sponge. Even if he goes to clubs and sections, classes with parents do not lose their importance. By learning new things together and making discoveries, you become closer.

Even though yesterday’s baby has grown up, he still needs tactile contact with mom and dad. Hug the child, kiss him, sit him on your lap. All this gives him confidence in your love and that the world is friendly.

If a child confides secrets to you or shares intimate things, do not betray his trust. Don’t make fun of him, don’t scold him, don’t tell your girlfriend on the phone in front of him.

Teach your child to be careful with personal belongings: books should be placed on shelves, not crushed or taken with dirty hands, toys should be put in drawers, and clothes should be hung on hangers, for example, light plastic hangers “Plastishka”.

Hanger “Plastishka”

Peculiarities

Bright design. Side hooks for clothes with loops or straps.

Description

The hanger is designed for all types of light children's clothing. It will help teach your child to be tidy and take care of their clothes.

Is it worth teaching five year olds to read? Psychologists believe that we must proceed from the child’s needs. If he is interested, please do so. If not, it makes sense to wait. At 5 years old, a preschooler does not yet need to receive information in this way. You can spend a year teaching a 5-year-old and teach a 6-year-old in a month. And at the age of 7, both will read the same way: this is confirmed by experiments.

Communication of a child at 5-6 years old

The distinctive features of communication are selectivity and stability. WITH best friends share secrets, invent games, and whenever possible communicate outside the home. For interesting children's games, adults are no longer needed: children prefer to come up with the rules themselves. There is a certain fashion in children's groups: for cartoons or toys (for example, everyone suddenly starts collecting some heroes).

An adult is still an authority in many matters. Such adults include not only parents, but also educators, coaches, and club leaders. Their praise increases self-esteem, while criticism or a sarcastic remark, on the contrary, can give rise to complexes. Ask your child how he is doing. Discuss, explain, teach how to respond to criticism correctly.

At this age, the child is clearly aware of the characteristics of his gender. Girls are more friends with girls, boys - with boys. The first childhood loves arise. Treat them with care, without jokes about marriage and boyfriends. For a child this is a new, important and very exciting experience.

Games for a child 5-6 years old

The child enjoys playing with friends, with parents, and alone. It all depends on the game itself and his mood. A good time will be guaranteed.

The age of 5–6 years is called senior preschool. That is, not only preceding, but also conducive to further learning. This is facilitated by all the psycho-emotional and physiological changes that occur with the little person. This is the basic period for establishing basic character traits and behavior. Knowledge of the main age-related features of the development of children 5–6 years old will help parents evaluate and adjust many significant aspects.

What do we approach school with?

The most important change that occurs with a child during this period is the replacement of involuntariness with voluntariness. What does it mean? Now the child can force himself to think purposefully, remember, be diligent, attentive, concentrate on the task of adults, and manage his behavior. Previously, these processes were regulated by the degree of emotional interest. Therefore, now is the most favorable period for the development of cognitive abilities and the formation of motivation to learn.

Most of the age-related characteristics of children of this age are psychological aspects.

• The image of “I” is formed. Now this is not just self-affirmation. The child begins to evaluate himself from the position of his peers (strives to be successful, popular), parents (it is important for them to be smart, correct, good), and - attention! - yourself. That is, he can not only critically evaluate his actions or their results, not only understand how smart or kind he is, but also imagine what he wants to become in the future. At the same time, his parents’ assessment is examined critically and compared with his own assessment of his “I”. Now more than ever, it is important to give your child the feeling of “I can do it.” Through small successes, he will be more willing to strive for big ones. Moreover, competitive success among peers becomes extremely important. The child needs to be taught to win and lose with dignity. Forming such an attitude towards one’s personality is the key to developing motivation to learn. The child will strive for knowledge in order to grow up literate, educated, and successful.
• Communication in a children's group, the attitude of his peers towards the child, and the opportunity to build relationships based on the motive of personal affection are becoming increasingly important. Although friendships are now mostly same-sex, children are already able to characterize their preferences in choosing friends (she is kind, cheerful, not greedy, he does not scream, does not take away toys, agrees with me). Among children, a division begins into more and less popular, friendly, authoritative.
• Imagination, which can rightfully be called the basis of success in any creative activity, in a 5-year-old child it develops with particular activity. This is a period of vigorous imagination, when children can compose intricate plots and imagine pictures of the work they are reading. Imagination is especially widespread in play and creative activities. Preschoolers can develop the most incredible game scenarios for themselves, and an idea appears in creativity, and the child works to realize it. In addition, a productive imagination develops when a child, based on what he hears (for example, while reading a book to him), can imagine images of wizards unknown to him , distant worlds or planets, space in general, inhabitants of other galaxies.
• Children begin to understand social relations, subordination in different areas of adult activity. They transfer these roles into games. Therefore, they often have disputes about who should play a less significant role from this point of view - who should be subordinate.

Choose games for your child that will make him think, reflect, look for a solution, build a logical chain of actions, act consistently, identify a pattern (find a way out of a maze, build a pyramid according to a pattern, assemble a puzzle, a Rubik’s cube, according to a diagram).

Unchildish outlook

The main thing for parents is to develop cognitive interest in a 5-6 year old child and broaden his horizons. The previously accumulated knowledge about the surrounding reality must be constantly replenished, the horizons of known concepts expanded, while pushing the child to reason. An adult’s answer to any question from a child of this age should not only be complete, but also encourage him to think logically. In such a dialogue, it is important to ask him questions with the wording “justify”, “prove”, “explain”, “why do you think, why” (why is it cold now, why can’t you light a fire in the house, why can’t you beat animals, eat poisonous mushrooms, walk on ice in the thaw). All this should be built into a chain of unobtrusive speech and mental exercises that prepare a preschooler to become a schoolchild.

Already now a preschooler can:

• name and distinguish types of transport, their purpose (public, freight, special, agricultural, land, water, air);
• name and distinguish not only primary colors, but also several of their shades;
• combine objects into classes according to certain characteristics, determine what materials they are made of;
• talk about natural phenomena and the actions of people at different times of the year;
• explain why plants, animals, and humans need air, water and sun;
• name your exact address, the city in which you live, your homeland, its capital;
• treat nature with rationality, thrift, and care.

There are still problems with the sense of time (the child may be confused about the time of year or days of the week).

But parental attention and wisdom will help the child expand his horizons even more.

The best source of reliable scientific information for older preschoolers is children's encyclopedias. From them he can extract complete information about animals, plants, human structure, space, countries and much more in an accessible form.

Attention, logic, thinking, counting

The characteristics of the age characteristics of an older preschooler in terms of intellectual development are also quite comprehensive. As already mentioned, the preschool age is the most favorable for the development of all areas of a child’s life, and intelligence in the first place. Thanks to the emergence of arbitrariness, the baby is already able to accept that remembering or doing something is necessary, useful, and not just interesting.

Now he is already able to surprise his parents with his intellectual knowledge and achievements:

• can remember up to 8 pictures in a couple of minutes;
• remembers and recites several poems by heart with expression;
• can find up to 6 differences between pictures;
• retell what you read close to the text;
• complete tasks without switching or being distracted for 10 to 20 minutes;
• find logical pattern in the chain of events;
• explain the difference between objects and phenomena;
• detect and explain inconsistencies with reality in the pictures;
• find the odd one out of 4-5 items based on some characteristic, explaining this characteristic;
• fold the cut picture or puzzle into at least 9 parts;
• use quantitative and ordinal numbers correctly;
• equalize groups of objects;
• explain the position of an object relative to yourself, other people or other objects (behind you, to the left of the chair).

Always set a good example for your child, because at this age children are still learning from it. A child will be more successful if he is calm, comfortable, and there is no resentment, fear, guilt, or anxiety.

Speech, emotions, creativity

The psychology of a 5-6 year old child is distinguished by a burst of imagination - this can also be called the main age-related feature children of this age. And the development of fantasy inevitably entails an expansion of the emotional palette and rapid development of speech skills. An older preschooler has access to the full range of human emotions, which he actively demonstrates in play, communication with peers, adults, retelling, and reading poetry. The child’s speech is now rich in intonation, changes in tempo and volume. It is actively supplemented by facial expressions and gestures.

Now the child is developing and developing such qualities as curiosity and love for loved ones, and surprise is very clearly manifested.

Moral, aesthetic qualities, and intellectual feelings are also formed:

• feeling of pride;
• humor;
• shame;
• beautiful, heroic;
• friendship.

Speech becomes even richer. An older preschooler can express his opinion, play a role in a poem or a small scene. Can compose a story based on one plot picture or several consecutive pictures. Can name genres of works read (short story, fairy tale, poem), as well as favorite children's author, favorite work.

By this point, under normal conditions, the child is able to clearly pronounce almost all sounds (sometimes with the exception of [r]). Now he is quite ready to read syllables (or already knows how to do it).

The works of young artists at this stage are often objects depicted schematically. But at the same time, an older preschooler is able to depict a plot composition.

Self-care and assistance for adults

By the time they reach preschool age, most children are almost completely self-sufficient: they can confidently handle all types of fasteners on clothes and shoes, cutlery, and know the rules of hygiene, etiquette, and traffic they need.

They can be entrusted with a fairly large list of household chores:

• to wash the dishes;
• clear the table;
• neatly fold clothes in your closet;
• remove to desk, on a bookshelf (arrange or arrange books by size, thickness, binding strength - a kind of useful logic puzzle);
• To water flowers;
• feed the pets,
• walk the dog (if it is not large);
• sweep the floor (path in the yard);
• wipe the dust;
• wash shoes;
• carry purchases;
• Some children can already make small purchases themselves at a nearby store, use a microwave or stove to heat up food.

A child at this age should have his own “job responsibilities” around the house. Try to make doing daily chores his good habit, and not an “obligation.” Find the right positive incentives for him, present homework in the form of a game, or even better, a competition in which your child will certainly surpass you.

Recognizing SOS signals

Every parent understands that very soon the child will go to school. And since now is the right time to prepare for it, then this preparation begins. Unfortunately, quite often we, adults, so actively begin to prepare a child for school, cramming into him all the required and even “extraordinary” knowledge (so that he surpasses ourselves, so that we are proud of him), that the child’s psyche cannot cope: the child becomes very nervous, aggressive. We demand, put pressure, oblige, limit the child, “drill” into him, as it seems to us, everything necessary so that he will later “thank us.” But instead we get endless whims, tears, protests, hysterics, stubbornness - everything that has not been noticed in a child before (at least for a long time).

Of course, we are driven by the most noble intentions; we want only the best for our child. But the child stubbornly does not want to study, looks for any excuse to avoid class, may call in sick or present an ultimatum to his parents... Didn’t expect it? For sure. Why is this happening?

There are many reasons for this behavior.

• Too much workload (drawing, foreign language, dancing, gymnastics, modeling and God knows what else) deprives the child of a normal childhood. He is exhausted both mentally and physically. Such a schedule must be trimmed down to a state where the child becomes comfortable. And perhaps among these activities there are some that the child does not like (or not common language with the teacher).
• Trying to catch up. This is the desire of parents to cram into the child everything that he is not capable of, based on the indicative requirements for future first-graders. But they themselves did not give this to him systematically - during the previous 4 - 5 years of his life. Why should the tender child’s psyche now be responsible for the mistakes of adults?
• Lack of attention and communication. Perhaps protests against learning are a child’s attempt to attract the attention of his parents, which he so lacks. Children often act on the principle: “even if they yell or punish, it’s still attention to me.”
• I don’t want to, but I have to! This is a situation in which a child lives his whole life within strict limits (daily routine, rules of decency, responsibility to parents), constantly subordinating his needs to their desires and demands. The little personality will sooner or later face the problem of getting out of the situation. And then the preschooler will either begin to limit himself as much as possible in everything, or will declare war on any rules and canons established by adults.
• Hyperactivity. The phenomenon is not uncommon today. At the same time, the preschooler protests against any activities, because during them he is forced to sit quietly and not be distracted for quite a long time. And with such a peculiarity of the psyche, this is a complete nightmare for him.
• Developmental delay. If a preschooler has neurological or mental disabilities, he may simply lag behind his peers in development. Before “pushing” him to the same age, you need to undergo an examination to identify possible reasons and their corrections.

Advice from a psychologist will help you avoid problems with preparing your child for school.

• Choose the optimal time to study. Perhaps it is better for a child to remember in the morning and think, for example, after a walk. Need to experiment a little with this. If the timing is wrong, the little person's brain will not work efficiently.
• Do educational activities the same everyday ritual as washing your face or brushing your teeth. After all, this is correct and useful.
• Make it more difficult consistently. Starting with the simplest developmental tasks, gradually complicate them. Otherwise, having not mastered the task once, the child will not want to do even a simple task and will lose faith in himself. And this is a loss of motivation. Without it, no training will be possible.
• Avoid harsh criticism, reprimands, and punishment for failure. This will not only discourage you from studying, but also deprive you of confidence.
• Entrust your child to choose when purchasing a toy, game, or aid among those that he currently needs (by color, shape, or some other characteristic). He should be interested in playing it and studying it. If only because his opinion was taken into account.
• Set an example for your child. Show that you yourself are constantly learning something, developing: reading, solving crossword puzzles, playing checkers, dominoes.
• Totally positive. Any training should be filled with positive emotions. Only then will it bring the child both joy and, importantly, benefit. And he will have more interest in the activities themselves.

Thus, if, on the threshold of first grade, you discourage (or fail to develop) a child’s motivation to learn, miscalculate his capabilities, overload nervous system preschooler, you can ensure his failure not only in learning, but also in further socialization. Therefore, parents have a lot of work to do. And most importantly - consistent.

Throughout life, it is human nature to change. Naturally, absolutely all living things go through such obvious stages as birth, growing up and aging, and it doesn’t matter whether it’s an animal, a plant or a person. But it is Homo sapiens who overcome a colossal path in the development of their intellect and psychology, their perception of themselves and the world around them. The age-related psychological characteristics of children are most significantly and clearly manifested. 5-6 years after the birth of a child form the foundation of the future adult individual; the experience of the first years of life determines the attitude towards oneself, personal life, family, career and hobbies.

Crisis of a child's first year of life

Throughout a person’s life, they are haunted by crises. The very first one manifests itself in such early age, which is very difficult to adequately assess how much he suffered it. This so-called it occurs at three months of age. For mother and her child, this is the first time they have overcome difficulties. If successful, the child feels confident in his parent, he realizes how much he can rely on her.

Such an inextricable connection lasts up to one year, until the baby learns basic things and feels independent. And even if it is absolutely ephemeral, because everyone understands (except for the little one) that without family and support he will be lost, but it is extremely important for the child to realize that he can do certain actions himself. Overprotection during this period is fraught with consequences in later life and will fully express the psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old. Such children do not want to help their parents, cannot get ready for a walk on their own, and do not strive for knowledge.

The baby is three years old. How to deal with it?

The next difficult period that both the child and his mother and father have to go through is the three-year crisis. Small man can take care of himself. It is not difficult for him to eat, get dressed, relieve himself, he can play with friends or by himself, he already has his own preferences, favorite characters and toys. It is very important for parents not to overestimate their child's abilities. Despite all the ostentatious bravado, he is still too small, does not understand much and lives with momentary troubles and joys. At three years old, the time has not come when the child is able to make complex logical conclusions. You can agree on a matter with him, but in half an hour everything will be happily forgotten. Not out of harm or self-indulgence, as many parents think. The brain at this age is not ready to create complex chains of interactions between people, processes and events in life.

The first steps of a person in society

The peculiarities of the psychology of children 5-6 years old differ precisely in that this is a huge leap in the development of the child. A significantly older baby is no longer the same angel for whom everything is forgiven. Cardinal changes in physiology and psychology begin. This is an intermediate stage before adolescence and preparation for school. For everyone, such processes take place individually. To generalize, we can say that the psychological characteristics of a 5-6 year old child lie in his formation in society. During this period, all children leave their usual circle.

Many overcame this difficult path earlier, at the age of three or four, when they first started attending kindergarten or a developmental group. For children who are faced with the first difficulties of interacting with other adults, other children, this crisis passes more easily, it is easier for them to adapt and understand the norms of behavior. Therefore, mothers who prefer independent activities with their baby at home, without visiting preschool institutions, should organize the child’s leisure time so that he is not lonely and has the opportunity to polish his communication skills. During this period of life, the child begins to adopt the behavior model of his parents, their way of life, habits and psychological characteristics.

Children of 5-6 years of age are difficult to deceive. They feel false and insincerity. And if those closest to you are cunning and create ambiguous situations, the child may become confused and not recreate the ideal that he would like to strive for.

Active growth of body and soul

At the age of six they begin to appear distinctive features physiology. This affects both appearance child, and on his emotional mood. The active phase of growth begins, childhood plumpness disappears, the skeleton stretches, the body grows and develops, preparing for subsequent transformation. Puberty will begin in just a few years, and all systems are prepared ahead of time. Very often, such processes affect appetite, and children begin to eat with great pleasure. This is also associated with better coordination in space, the ability to feel oneself in it, perform complex combinations of movements, and increased activity.

Is it acceptable to engage in intensive sports at an early age?

Parents, in order to calm the boiling energy, try to send their child to a sports section, gymnastics or choreography studio. But pediatricians strongly do not recommend that children at this age engage in professional sports. Training should be quite intense, it helps develop all systems and contributes to healthy image life, however, the active growth of organs and unformed immunity do not allow hyperload. Although the psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old are quite conducive to solving complex problems, the child can show the will and character to achieve results; one should not exploit him excessively.

How boys react to growing up

Age-related psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old also manifest themselves in purely male and female traits. This can result in the first love or in the desire to show oneself as a real man or housewife.

The child should be encouraged and supported in such endeavors. And if the son used to gravitate more towards his mother and was with her, now he becomes more interested in being with his father. The father is obliged to encourage such aspirations of his child. It is not necessary to spend all your time with him and relentlessly follow each other. It will be enough to set aside some time for daily conversation and create a certain ritual, an activity available only to men. This will form the core and character, will help the development of masculinity and responsibility of the future head of the family, the father.

However, this does not mean that the mother has become unimportant in the upbringing and life of her son. Features of psychological development of 5-6 years old require maximum attention. It is important for the child to understand that he has someone to talk to and discuss his problems. He should receive answers to all his questions, because this is precisely the fertile age when a child absorbs knowledge and skills like a sponge.

Features of the development of girls at 5-6 years old

During this period of life, girls develop useful habits, thriftiness, neatness and tenderness. They need to be taught to take care of themselves, their clothes, and toys. Girls at this age are more assiduous and scrupulous than boys. They learn to read and write earlier thanks to these features.

Every daughter tries to be like her mother and help her in everything. She follows her to the kitchen, to the bathroom, for a walk, and listens to conversations with her friends. It is very important not to exclude her from communication, not to suspend or limit her, because these are the characteristics of 5-6 year old children, it is very easy to withdraw into themselves and frighten them. They already realize that the time allotted for games will soon end, and the time for studying is approaching. Not everyone can easily accept such a future, because it is completely new, and it is worth carefully choosing words and methods of education.

Is a child ready for school at 6 years old?

Many parents think about what age their child will go to school. And although six-year-olds are accepted into educational institutions, not everyone is ready for such a responsible step. Experts advise seeking advice to assess the psychological characteristics of a 5-6 year old child. Someone is ready for a school desk, and it will not be difficult for him to diligently fill out copybooks and learn foreign languages, wake up every day at seven in the morning and do homework, taking it for granted. But there will definitely be children whose childhood cannot yet be interrupted, because school will not teach them discipline if they are absolutely not ready for it. This will only break them and provoke problems in the future, including psychological ones. The characteristics of preschool children (5-6 years old) are that they can already learn, and they do it successfully, not only for pleasure. They can concentrate attention on objects, distinguish and compare silhouettes, shapes, shades, and solve simple logic problems, engage in different types of creativity.

Speech development of older children

A very important nuance that determines the characteristics of 5-6 years old and assesses the level of development is the child’s speech. There should no longer be any problems with pronouncing sounds. The conversation is based on complex sentences. The baby expresses his thoughts very clearly, even fantasizes and happily tells real or fictional stories. In addition, a temporary connection may already be evident in the conversation. For a child, the period has passed when everything happened only here and now; he can remember the past, dream about the future and put all these thoughts into verbal form.

Friends and communication

This age suggests the possibility of independent play, during which the child models different life situations, composes dialogues for toys that play their assigned role. With the help of such activities, you can see how the baby understands himself, his family in the world, and whether he has fears and doubts. The game reflects the age-related psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old.

Communication with peers has changed a little. Children begin to understand that what they “want” is not always comparable to the realities of life. Play helps regulate relationships, because children are still quite small, subconsciously need care and control, and show these traits in group activities. In addition, preferences and selectivity appear in the company. The child does not yet fully understand people, but he can make choices based on his concepts of good and evil.

Psychological characteristics play activity children 5-6 years old are reflected in the acceptance of norms of behavior, the implementation of rules. Formerly parents They dictated their terms, adhered to them themselves, and the child got used to them. Right now he begins to project them onto the game on the playground, in the playroom.

In connection with the expansion of his circle, he may be interested in various issues, sometimes quite global (regarding life, death, the difference between boys and girls). It is very important that parents help overcome possible fears and talk with the baby. Having missed the thread of communication now, it will be very difficult to find it at an older age.

In addition, the child begins to hone his ways of influencing adults; he can already criticize the words and actions of family and friends, change the system of values ​​and authorities.

The baby begins the stage of observing and creating plans for the future, and no matter how early this all happens, so as not to frighten the child in his aspirations, one should not mock or be sarcastic, or show sarcasm. The psychological characteristics of 5-6 year old children do not allow them to accept this as a joke. Rather, this will become a reason for complexes and lack of self-confidence, faith in parents and their support in any situation.

The child develops a certain outlook and a base of skills. He can already adequately evaluate his actions and the people around him, and can also give a self-assessment of his appearance, character and behavior. All his life skills have already been developed; the parent only needs to correct them before entering new life. In order not to harm him, it is necessary to take into account the psychological skills of children 5-6 years old.

Need for communication

The main need of a child at this age is communication with peers and adults. He does this with the help of speech and special gestures. It is strictly not recommended to ignore it, as this may negatively affect its further development. There is such an age-related psychological feature for children 5-6 years old as “why”. The child begins to be interested in everything around him, he asks his parents a wide variety of questions and wants to receive the most detailed answer to them. Many mothers and fathers, due to their busyness, scold the child and ask him not to ask all sorts of stupid things. It is worth considering that it is at this stage that he develops imagination, memory, attention, thinking and perception. Your wrong action can disrupt this natural process.

Development of logical abilities

Parents of a child who had reached preschool age began to notice that his communication had changed noticeably. He began to not only answer the questions posed in the same way, but began to think and fantasize. This suggests that he has reached the very stage where he is actively developing logical thinking. The first thing to do is to direct the age-related psychological characteristics of 5-year-old children in the right direction. You can do this in a playful way:

• The designer perfectly develops logical thinking. It is best if its kit includes various nuts, keys and other connecting elements. First, the baby needs to improvise and assemble independent parts. Then you can complicate the task by asking him to assemble a certain part shown in the picture.
• You need to give him two identical pictures and ask him to find a few differences between them. Most likely, this task will seem difficult for him at first. Gradually these skills will begin to improve.
• There are many books with tasks for this age. Tasks where you need to find an extra object are popular among children.

When doing exercises with a child, parents must be patient. Helping them is highly discouraged. Even though he will have to spend a lot of time on classes, the main thing is that he learns to achieve his goal himself and stops waiting for tips from his older comrades.

Memory formation exercises

In just 2 years, it will be time for the child to go to first grade. This means that now is the time for a caring parent to think about psychological characteristics development of children 5 years old. During this period, you can actively begin to train his memory. If this is done in advance, then it will be much easier for the future student to assimilate the material included in the course. educational program. Already at 4.5 years old, you can try to play a game that is not difficult for him. You need to place several objects in a row and ask the child to turn away for a few seconds. During this time you need to remove one of them. The child's main task is to understand what is missing. Gradually the task can be made more difficult by increasing this row.

Child in society

Who is this child? This is an individual who is constantly in contact with other individuals. The psychological characteristics of the development of children 5-6 years old should differ markedly from those that existed previously. They must be able to communicate with each other, independently solve various surveys and perform any tasks together.

Unfortunately, nowadays many young mothers refuse to take their child to kindergarten. This is due to the high risk of acquisition infectious diseases. Accordingly, the individual gets used to close communication with his mother and does not perceive other people. In such cases, it is recommended to enroll him in classes where he can be without his parents. Otherwise, going to school will become very stressful for him.

It is worth asking your child to make a purchase on his own, asking for help from an outside adult, or standing in line at the clinic. All these techniques help build self-confidence.

Competent development of thinking

A very important component that determines the psychological characteristics of 5-year-old children is thinking. Simple tasks will help you achieve success in this area:

• Surely every child's mother tells fairy tales. You don't have to do this completely. It is required to voice a certain passage and ask him to continue. His main task is to come up with a sequence of events.
• An excellent game that contributes to the formation of age-related psychological characteristics of children 6 years old are puzzles. You can cut the picture yourself into several separate parts and ask your child to reconstruct it.
• It is recommended to watch cartoons with your child and think about various topics, for example, why the hero acted this way in a certain situation.

The ability to think correctly will also be useful for studying at school; it will be easier for children to cope with assigned tasks.

Features of raising a boy

The age-related psychological characteristics of 5-year-old children are different for young males and females. Once upon a time, a boy treated his mother with love and tenderness, as if he could not live without her for a second. At the same age, he begins to reach out to his father. Everything he does becomes interesting for him: repairing parts, fixing sockets or driving a car. It is important for the head of the family not to turn away from him at this moment, setting a positive example.

It is during this period that it is necessary to form respectful character traits in the boy. They should be taught to treat girls with kindness, to give them a hand when going down the steps, to give up their seat to elders on public transport.

Parents need to pay attention to communication among themselves. It is better to postpone all conflicts until the children are asleep. Senior comrades will become an example for the future man, relying on him, he will similarly begin to build his relationships.

Analytic mind

Medical specialists and teachers who have been studying the age-related psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old for a long time claim that they simply need to develop an analytical mindset. This allows you to form thinking, logic and memory. At this age, a preschooler should be able to do the following:

• Count to ten forward and backward.
• Do simple math examples.
• To know everything geometric figures.

In addition, the child must be excellent at navigating the world around him. He should be able to easily answer the question about what time of day, year and current day of the week. To acquire these skills, it is not at all necessary to attend any courses; you can do it at home, using available items.

Features of raising girls

A young mother of a girl should attach importance to the psychological characteristics of a 6-year-old child. At this age, it is important for her to understand that she, unlike boys, must be well-mannered, gentle and neat. First, you should instill in her a love of cleanliness: it is necessary that things are always folded on the shelf, the corner is tidied up, and the toys are put in a box after each use.

The girl is a future housewife and a faithful helper for her parents. It is necessary to invite her to do the cleaning, cook and set the table together. All these seemingly difficult tasks will very quickly become a habit and become an integral part of your lifestyle.

Every daughter dreams of being like her mother; you should become a good example for her.

Physical abilities

Little children always look cute, they have chubby cheeks, cute eyes and a spontaneous smile. By the age of 5 years, facial features become rougher, the body becomes stronger and takes on a completely different shape. Preschoolers have better coordination, sharpness and dexterity. The basic psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old allow them to quickly make decisions in controversial situation, be able to be cunning and solve complex problems.

All this suggests that people of this age category have access to complex games: volleyball, football, basketball and others. A parent can send their child to absolutely any section. Girls are recommended to attend dancing or gymnastics, as these activities make the figure beautiful and feminine. Boys should be enrolled in boxing, athletics and strength wrestling; such activities will teach them to stand up for themselves.

When choosing sports section It is worth taking into account the psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old. It is better that they are amateur in nature. Professional classes can cause a lot of stress for a growing child and will forever discourage them from continuing to attend.

The psychological characteristics of the development of 5-year-old children are a very fine line in the relationship between parents and children. Breaking it can cause significant harm. state of mind growing personality. To prevent this, you must comply with the following rules:

• It is at this age that trust should be formed between two generations. It is necessary that the child does not hesitate to talk about his problem, and the parent is able to listen to him and give practical advice. Otherwise, this thread may break, and it will be almost impossible to restore it in the future.
• A preschooler can ask questions from a wide variety of areas. You need to learn how to react to them correctly and give an adequate response. Any ridicule will lead to the baby withdrawing into himself.
• A child at this age begins to have his own dreams, goals, and plans for the future. It is categorically not recommended to say that he will not succeed. The psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old do not accept any criticism; on the contrary, it is necessary to instill confidence in their own abilities.

Many parents strive to send their child to school early, and teachers kindly help them resolve this issue. Is a child at this age ready for school? The answer to this question can only be given by people close to him, assessing the degree of perseverance.

Conclusion

When studying the question of the psychological characteristics of children 5-6 years old, it should be remembered that each child is an individual personality, and it develops in a completely different way. If the neighbor's son knows very well English language, this does not at all mean that you urgently need to look for an appropriate teacher. There may be other areas in which your child excels.

AGE FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN 5-6 YEARS OLD

SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A 5-6 year old child strives to know himself and another person as a representative of society, gradually begins to realize the connections and dependencies insocial behavior and relationships of people. At 5-6 years old, preschoolers make positive moral choices (mainly in the imaginary plane). People are starting to use more precise vocabulary to denote moral concepts more often - polite, honest, caring, etc.

At this age, the behavior of preschoolers develops the possibility self-regulation, that is, children begin to make demands on themselves that were previously placed on them by adults. This way they can, without being distracted by more interesting things,finish unattractive work(put away toys, tidy up the room, etc.). This is made possible thanks to children's awareness generally accepted norms and rules of behaviorand the obligatory nature of their implementation. The child emotionally experiences not only the assessment of his behavior by others, but also his own compliance with norms and rules, the compliance of his behavior with his moral ideas. However, compliance with norms (playing together, sharing toys, controlling aggression, etc.), as a rule, at this age is possible only in interaction with those who are the most sympathetic, with friends.

At the age of 5 to 6 years, changes occur in the child’s ideas about himself; the assessments and opinions of their comrades become significant to them. The selectivity and stability of relationships with peers increases. Children explain their preferences by the success of a particular child in the game (“It’s interesting to play with him,” etc.) or his positive qualities(“She’s good”, “He doesn’t fight”, etc.). Children communication becomes less situational. They willingly talk about what happened to them: where they were, what they saw, etc. Children listen carefully to each other and emotionally empathize with their friends’ stories.

At 5-6 years old, the child developsprimary gender identity systemaccording to essential characteristics (female and masculine qualities, features of the manifestation of feelings, emotions, specific behavior, appearance, profession). When justifying the choice of peers of the opposite sex, boys rely on qualities of girls such as beauty, tenderness, affection, and girls rely on qualities such as strength and the ability to stand up for another.

Opportunities are increasinglife safetychild 5-6 years old. This is due to the growth of awareness and arbitrariness of behavior, overcoming the egocentric position (the child becomes able to take the position of another).

GAME ACTIVITIES: IN game interaction begins to occupy a significant placejoint discussion of the rules of the game. Children often try to control each other's actions - they indicate how this or that character should behave. In cases where conflicts arise during play, children explain their actions to their partners or criticize their actions, referring to the rules. When children of this age assign roles for play, one can sometimes observe attempts to jointly solve problems (“Who will...?”). At the same time, coordination of actions and distribution of responsibilities among children most often arise during the game itself.

GENERAL MOTOR SKILLS : Becomes more perfectgross motor skills:The child runs well on his toes, jumps over a rope, alternates on one leg and the other, rides a two-wheeled bicycle, and skates. Complex movements appear: he can walk along a narrow bench and even step over a small obstacle; knows how to hit the ball on the ground with one hand several times in a row. Children's posture and correct demeanor are actively being formed. Endurance develops (the ability to engage in physical exercise for a sufficiently long time) and strength qualities (the child’s ability to use small efforts for a sufficiently long time).

Agility and developmentfine motor skills manifest themselves in a higher degree of independence of the child during self-care: children practically do not need the help of an adult when dressing and putting on shoes. Some of them can handle laces - thread them into a shoe and tie them with a bow.

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT: By the age of 5 they have quitea large stock of ideas about the environment, which they receive thanks to their activity, desire to ask questions and experiment.

Ideas aboutbasic properties of objectsgo deeper: the child knows basic colors well and has ideas about shades (for example, he can show two shades of the same color: light red and dark red); can tell how geometric shapes differ from each other; compare in size a large number of items.

A 5-6 year old child can make equality out of inequality; arranges 10 objects from largest to smallest and vice versa; draws geometric shapes in a checkered notebook; highlights details in objects that are similar to these figures; oriented on a sheet of paper.

Mastering timestill not perfect: not precise orientation in the seasons, days of the week (the names of those days of the week and months of the year with which significant events are associated are well understood).

Attention children become more stable and voluntary. They can do a not very attractive, but necessary activity for 20-25 minutes together with an adult. A child of this age is already capableact according to the ruleswhich is asked by adults (select several figures of a certain shape and color, find images of objects in the picture and shade them in a certain way).

Memory does not change significantly. Its stability improves. At the same time, children can already use simple techniques and means to memorize (diagrams, cards or drawings can serve as hints).

At 5-6 years of age, the leading role becomesvisual-figurative thinking,which allows the child to solve more complex problems using generalized visual aids (diagrams, drawings, etc.). TOvisually effectiveChildren resort to thinking in cases where it is difficult to identify the necessary connections without practical tests. At the same time, the tests become systematic and targeted. For tasks that can be solved without practical tests, a child can often decide in your mind.

Developing predictive function of thinking, which allows the childsee the perspective of events, foresee near and distantconsequences of one's own actions and actions.

SPEECH DEVELOPMENT:For children of this agecorrect pronunciation of sounds becomes the norm. By comparing his speech with the speech of adults, a preschooler can discover his own speech deficiencies.

A child of the sixth year of life freely uses meansintonation expressiveness: can read poetry sadly, cheerfully or solemnly, is able to adjust the volume of his voice and the pace of speech depending on the situation (read poetry loudly at a holiday or quietly share his secrets, etc.).

Children start usinggeneralizing words, synonyms, antonyms, shades of meaning of words, ambiguous words.Children's vocabulary is actively expandingnouns, indicating the names of professions, social institutions(library, post office, supermarket, sports club, etc.); verbs , denoting the labor actions of people of different professions,adjectives and adverbs , reflecting the quality of actions, people’s attitude towards professional activity. Uses synonyms and antonyms in speech; words denoting the materials from which objects are made (paper, wood, etc.).

Preschoolers can use in speechdifficult grammar cases: indeclinable nouns, plural nouns in the genitive case, follow the orthoepic norms of the language; capable of soundanalysis of simple three-sound words.

Children learn on their ownbuild gaming and business dialogues, mastering the rules speech etiquette, use direct and indirect speech; in descriptive and narrative monologues they are able to convey the state of the hero, his mood, attitude to the event, using epithets and comparisons.

Reading circle a child aged 5-6 years is replenished with works of various subjects, including those related to family problems, relationships with adults, peers, and the history of the country. The baby is able to retain in memory large volume information available to himcontinued reading.The practice of analyzing texts and working with illustrations contribute to deepening the reader’s experience and the formationreader's sympathy.

By the age of 6, a child can freely state his first name, last name, address, parents’ names and their professions.

MUSICALLY - ARTISTIC AND PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES. In progress perception of works of artchildren respond emotionally to those works of art that convey feelings and relationships that they understand, various emotional states people, animals, the struggle between good and evil.

When listening to music, children show greater concentration and attentiveness. Creative expressions musical activity become more conscious and directed (the image and means of expression are thought through and consciously selected by the children).

In visual artschildren can also depict what they have in mind (the idea leads to the image). The development of fine motor skills influences improvementimage techniques: preschoolers can draw narrow and wide lines with paint (with the end of the brush and flat), draw rings, arcs, make a triple stroke from one point, mix paint on the palette to obtain light, dark and new shades, whiten the base tone to obtain a lighter shade, apply one paint to another. Children enjoy tracing the drawings along the contour and shading the figures.

Older preschoolers are able sculpt from a whole piece of clay (plasticine), modeling the shape with your fingertips, smoothing out the joints, pulling parts away from the main shape with your fingers, decorating your works with the help of stacks and moldings, painting them.

Practical skills are improvedworking with scissors: children can cut circles from squares, ovals from rectangles, transform some geometric shapes into others: a square into several triangles, a rectangle into stripes, squares and small rectangles; create images of various objects or decorative compositions from cut-out figures.

Children design according to the conditions set by adults, but are already ready for independent creative construction from different materials. Gradually, children acquire the ability to act according to a preliminary plan in design and drawing.

LABOR ACTIVITY: In senior preschool age(5-7 years) are actively developingplanning and self-assessment labor activity. Previously mastered species child labor are performed efficiently, quickly, and consciously. It becomes possible for children to master different types manual labor.

ATTENTION - THIS IS IMPORTANT!Age 5-6 years can be described as agemaking the child active imagination , which begins to acquire independence, separating from practical activity and preceding it. Images of the imagination reproduce reality much more completely and accurately. The child clearly begins to distinguish between the real and the imaginary. Actions of the imagination - the creation and implementation of a plan - begin to take shape initially in the game. This is manifested in the fact that before the game, its concept and plot are born.