Flower science in kindergarten. Notes on early childhood “Introduction to the colors red”, (blue, yellow, green) Introduction to colors yellow green red blue

In the visual arts, color serves as a true representation of real objects in a real environment. The human eye has the ability to distinguish 7 primary colors and 150 color shades (tones). There are primary colors or pure (red, blue, yellow) and composite (all others formed from the combination of primary colors).

The color wheel is usually divided into two parts - warm and cool. Warm colors are similar in color to the sun - red, orange, yellow. Cool colors – blue, violet, cyan. These colors are associated in the human imagination with ice and moonlight. And green color occupies an intermediate position. It can be either warm or cold, depending on the predominance of yellow or blue. For example, herbal greens are closer to warm colors, and emerald greens are closer to cold ones.

Since ancient times, people have attached special meaning to color. They perceived and felt colors differently. It can be assumed that ancient people did not see all the colors that we see. It is believed that people first learned to see more bright colors- red and yellow, and then blue and green.

It is known that the palette of ancient Greek painters consisted of only four colors: red, ocher, black and white.

Gradually, the palette became richer, but artists continued to confuse blue and green colors for a long time, and they began to distinguish between lilac and violet colors even later. But these are just assumptions.

We can say that the perception of the world was more picturesque in the North, where high air humidity gives soft transitions of color tones. Therefore, artists were forced to look more closely at the rich play of shades of color of the sky, land, sea, and distances. This gradually led to the birth of coloristic painting in Venice, Paris, Amsterdam, and London. It was also important that the artists went out to paint in the open air (plein air). This developed their color perception.

Thus, nature itself helps the development of color perception in people.

The effect of color is due to the direct effect on the human body and the associations that colors evoke. There has never been a single system of symbolic meaning of colors, but over the centuries certain color symbols have developed that are understandable to everyone. Let's consider symbolic meaning individual flowers.

Red color- this is fire, warmth, sun, the color of our blood, and therefore the color of life. Fire has played an important role in human life since ancient times.

But at the same time, red is the color of danger. A red traffic light warns us that we need to stop. Most of the color signals around us are red.

The red color expresses solemnity, means respect, honor, it is also called the royal color. So for dear guests they lay out red carpet runners as a sign of special respect; kings preferred to wear red robes; Persian kings wore red clothes embroidered with golden birds.

In China, red is a symbol of the Phoenix bird, which has the ability to burn itself and be reborn from the ashes.

In Japan, where there is a cult of the Sun, red is the color of the sun, brings harvest and prosperity. The Japanese believe that the color red protects against misfortune, evil forces, illnesses, and misfortunes. The national flag of Japan features a red sun disc.

In Rus', red was considered the most beautiful color (“the maiden is red,” “the corner in the hut is red,” “the hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies,” a red sundress, a red shirt). Red color in Russian folk culture was a talisman. The clothes were sewn with red threads.

The color red also symbolizes love. Red roses are given as a sign of love, and a red heart is drawn on cards.

Orange color - also the color of the sun. A very cheerful color that brings success and good luck. All the sun gods were dressed in golden clothes and rode around in golden chariots. Sun glare echoes gold, orange and yellow colors.

There is not much orange in nature.

Yellow has many meanings and shades. Sunlight is associated with the color yellow; it gives a feeling of truth, creative uplift and inspiration.

But in the culture of different nations there is a belief that yellow means treason, cowardice, fear.

Green color– the color of nature itself, the color of life, the color of immortality. This is the world of green plants, a symbol of renewal, rebirth, youth, youth, hope.

Light blue and blue– the color of sky and water, communication and emotionality. It is lightness, airiness, cleanliness, coolness. Blue symbolizes eternity, stability, mystery and truth.

Violet– the color of philosophers and poets, knowledge of truth. Nice clean purple associated with a person's intellectual abilities.

White color - a symbol of purity, innocence, tenderness.

Black color- a symbol of mourning, sadness and a symbol of solemnity and severity.

Different peoples could attach different symbolic meanings to the same color.

So, people's perception of color is individual. It depends on gender, age, mood, life experience and many other reasons.

The peculiarities of children's perception lie in the fact that the child's visual apparatus is not yet sufficiently formed and assessments of the mental, physiological and aesthetic order are on equal terms and are closely related to moral ones. Child mastering the world, culture, including color culture, must master certain standards of color, that is, learn to see the world in all its diversity of color and systematize what he sees and what he acts with.

About the influence of color, its impact on emotional sphere evidenced by the reaction of preschool children to objects of different colors. It is typical that on sunny, clear days, children under one year of age are more willing to follow the movement of objects colored green and blue, and on cloudy days their attention is attracted by objects painted yellow and orange.

Children aged 2–3 years still have the same attitude towards different colors. A child of this age enjoys covering the surface of a sheet of paper with any color. But by the age of four, children perceive color as a means of decoration. As established by V.S. Mukhina, children of this age express their attitude towards the beautiful and the ugly with color. The beautiful is depicted in bright and pure flowers, and mostly with yellow, orange, and red colors. And what is not beautiful is painted in a dark color.

Another tendency is also observed: the child strives to depict objects in accordance with their actual color. At the same time, children perceive the color of certain objects as their obligatory attribute and, as a rule, color them in a standard way, without taking into account illumination and individual differences. This is explained by the fact that when drawing, children often use not their own visual ideas about the color of an object, but those learned from adults. Therefore, in most cases, children's works are filled with color stamps: blue sky, yellow sun, green grass.

According to N.P. Sakulina, the lack of use of colors in drawings cannot be motivated by the incompleteness of color perception, supposedly characteristic of children. With appropriate pedagogical work Children aged 5-6 years develop subtle color perception.

In the practice of kindergartens, color mastery is organized through solving two interrelated problems:

1. Formation of a sense of color as an integral part of sensory education.

2. Children’s mastery of the standard system of properties and characteristics of objects directly in visual arts.

By the end of your stay in kindergarten the child must master the concepts of the varieties of chromatic colors and their shades, as well as learn the principles of choosing colors to create an image.

Children learn to distinguish color characteristics and learn their names directly in the process of examining specific objects and reproducing them in a drawing.

Particularly difficult is the process of familiarizing children with the principles of choosing colors to create a specific image. A child, as you know, does not so much see color as he knows about it, and according to this knowledge, he paints certain objects. Because in the first stages of mastering ideas about color as quality illustrative examples he is offered specific objects containing clearly defined reference features.

It is advisable to develop children’s ideas about color in parallel with teaching methods and techniques of drawing.

Let's consider how acquaintance with color occurs in each age group kindergarten.

First junior group.

For children of primary preschool age, it is necessary to choose a visual material that does not require great skills from them and at the same time allows them to solve color problems. These could be colored pencils. The set should be small, up to six pencils. Children are introduced to the primary colors (red, blue, yellow), green and achromatic colors (black, white). Or suggest gouache paints for painting, because... gouache gives a bright, rich color spot.

Upon review younger preschoolers with color you can use educational toys in which color is clearly expressed: intensely colored balls, rings, turrets, pyramids, nesting dolls, balls, flags, etc.

Game is the leading activity in which children 2–3 years old gain knowledge about color. These are games - instructions:

“Find the same ball”

“Make a tower of yellow rings”

“Multi-colored lotto”,

“Choose a ball of the same color as the color of the hoop and roll it,”

“Who has a dress of this color?”...

the main task when conducting such games, focus children’s attention on color, teach them to distinguish and correctly name primary colors.

It is necessary to pronounce the names of colors more often, without hoping that the child himself will transfer the words that denote it to the color. This may not happen, because at this age, color is still closely associated with a specific object.

Second junior group.

Children second junior group(3 - 4 years old) can already distinguish shades - pink, blue, gray and correctly correlate them with the main color. But children consistently master the exact name of the shade. Children often use their own names: they call shades of low intensity “a little red”, “a little blue”, they express the saturation of light with the words: “very green”, “very very red”, etc.

Didactic games that can be used when working with children:

“Choose by color”

“Draw the strings to balloons”,

“Complete the drawing”

“Rainbow - arc”, etc.

Middle group.

The main acquaintance with color occurs in the fifth year of life. From 4 to 5 years old, children learn the names of colors indicating lightness, become familiar with the location of colors in the spectrum, and learn to independently obtain shades of colors (light and dark).

To deepen children's understanding of color, a new technique is being introduced - mixing paints on a palette. By adding white to the main color, children get light shades (pink, blue, light green, etc.), and by adding a little black, they get dark shades (dark green, dark blue, dark red).

Didactic games:

“Name them in order”

“Round dance”,

“Color Lotto”,

"Colorful water"

“Pick up a bouquet”

“Colored top” and others.

At this age, the colorfulness of children's works is contradictory: it expresses the child’s attitude to the world and serves symbol coloring of objects.

To get acquainted with the color in middle group Russian folk crafts are widely used. For example, Gzhel products introduce children to blue, light blue colors and their shades; Khokhloma products - with a range of warm colors (yellow, red, orange). Bright and colorful introduces color Dymkovo toy. And in classes decorative drawing, appliqués, they are happy to carry out paintings based on folk motifs, maintaining their characteristic color scheme.

Senior preschool age.

In senior preschool age children recognize all the colors of the rainbow, their shades, mix paints to obtain shades, and use tonal combinations of the same color. Children know the range of warm and cool colors. At this age, children are introduced to the perception of color as a means of conveying mood.

Games are used to solve these problems:

“Choose a neighbor”

“Pyramid” (compiling a series by lightness),

"Colorful water"

“Magic colors” ( getting shades),

“Tea set” and “Visiting the sun” (grouping the colors of the spectrum into warm and cold).

But getting to know color scheme can take place not only in games and in visual arts classes. A significant role is played by the child’s environment - the furnishings and design of the kindergarten. The color environment should be dynamic, changing depending on the season (a bouquet of flowers, prints, compositions from autumn leaves). Bright golden-crimson bouquets of autumn leaves provide a variety of visual perception of color shades.

Nature also introduces children to color. Scientists have found that in the summer in the middle zone nature produces 123 shades of green. But, drawing children’s attention to the richness and diversity of color in nature, enriching their impressions, the teacher should not turn nature into a didactic tool, tearing out only color from it. It is always necessary, even for small children, to show color not in isolation from an object, phenomenon, image, but in a whole life impression that is quite complete and vivid. It would be wrong to consider a butterfly with children only for its color. The yellow color of the butterfly lives, plays, burns when children see it flying among the greenery. Green striped watermelon looks good among the leaves or next to yellow ripe pumpkin. If it’s winter outside, you can notice that the snow, depending on the light, is blue, lilac, matte, sparkling, iridescent.

During the walk, the teacher draws the children's attention to the changing color of the sky and water at different times of the day, under different lighting, and different natural environments. Displaying works also helps with this. visual arts. They serve not only as interior decoration, they are examined and conversations are held on them. In this case, children's attention is directed to:

2. Means of expression - line, color, composition...

Illustrations by famous children's artists V. Lebedev, Yu. Vasnetsov, E. Rachev, V. Konashevich and others are colorful and full of life observations. Children 5-7 years old can understand the fantastic nature of the illustrations to P. Bazhov’s fairy tale “The Silver Hoof” by artist M. Uspensky, which is achieved color combinations– blue is a “fairytale” color.

Thus, children acquire “color vigilance”, the need for color impressions, to convey them in visual activities. Color enriches children's aesthetic feelings and needs and creates a joyful mood in life.

State budgetary preschool educational institution

Kindergarten No. 1141 Nevsky district

Methodological materials for speaking at parent meeting on the topic of:

“Introducing children to color through play”

Saint Petersburg

2012 Program content:

Strengthen the ability to distinguish colors.
Form the idea that color is a sign of objects and can be used to designate them.
Form an idea of different shades of color by intensity;
Give children an idea of natural colors;
Introduce children to elements of experimental activities.
Develop fine motor skills hands

Dictionary:

Introduce into children's active vocabulary: names of primary colors and their shades

Introductory part

Tell and show the child diverse world colors, you can start from an early age. You can start recognizing and learning colors with your child at 1.5 years old. Start learning in a playful way.

Butterflies are flowers.

Cut out four flowers of different colors from paper and glue them onto a regular sheet. Cut out four butterflies of the same colors from colored cardboard. Teach your child to plant a butterfly on his flower. Tell them that each butterfly has its own house where they eat or play.

Mouse's house.

Cut out colored houses, each of them should have a round hole - an entrance for the mouse. In addition to the houses, prepare colored circles. Cover the holes in the houses with circles (match the circles to the color of the house). Close the hole and the mouse hides

Cubes.

From colored cubes you can build towers of the same color. "Let's build a red tower. Here is one cube, a red cube. Here's another cube, it's also red. They are identical! Let's build a tower from these cubes. Look, we have a red tower" Likewise introducing children to a different color

Pyramid.

Invite your child to assemble a pyramid, but on the condition that you will collect it, and he will bring you the necessary rings. You speak: "Give me a yellow ring, now give me a red ring" Gradually, the child will unerringly bring you rings of the desired color.

Extra color.

Place different toys of the same color in front of your child. These could be cars, cubes, balls, rings, rattles. Name this color. Then add an object of a different color to these toys. The child will immediately react to this. Tell them that these items are different in color.

Colorful days.

You can devote the whole day to studying a certain color. Hang balloons of the chosen color, select toys only of this color, draw with a felt-tip pen or paints of the color of your choice. During the day, focus your child’s attention on this color not only in the apartment, but also on the street.

Traffic light .

You've probably played this game in the yard with your friends. You can play traffic light at home. Mom will act as a traffic light, and the baby will act as a pedestrian. Name any color, the child must find it on his clothes and show it with his finger. In this case, he can safely cross the road. If he does not have the specified color on his clothes, then he will have to cross the road, and his mother must catch the “intruder.” Should be a fun game!

Postman.

Simulate a small town in the room: place sheets of colored paper in different places, these will be houses. Place different figures and toys on the sheets. For example, a dog lives in a yellow house, and a doll lives in a blue house. Give your child a stack of colored cards that act as letters. The child needs to deliver the letters correctly - a red letter - to the red house for the horse, a yellow letter - to the yellow house for the dog.

Multi-colored flags

To play you need to take several multi-colored flags

The presenter raises:

Red flag - children should, for example, jump;

green – clap your hands;

Blue - walk in place,

yellow – hold hands, etc.

Put it in boxes

Place several small boxes and a larger box in front of the child, in which objects of different colors are mixed. Invite your child to put objects into boxes according to color. Begin the task by placing one item in each of the small boxes. First, offer children objects of 2-4 colors (4-8 pieces of the same color). Over time, the number of items and colors will increase.

Colored rubber bands.

Buy a set of different colored rubber bands. Select yellow and red. Take a wooden stick (pencil) and ask them to put red rubber bands on the stick. Help your child, don’t scold him; if he makes a mistake, ask: “Is this a red rubber band? No! Here it is - red! and put on the red elastic band yourself.

Instead of rubber bands, you can use various objects, cubes, mugs cut out of colored cardboard. But the simple exercise with elastic bands described above will also involve motor skills.

Rainbow album.

Prepare your album. It should have seven sheets according to the number of colors in the rainbow. On each sheet at the top, draw a colored stripe in the form of an arc (in order, like in a rainbow).

Now you and your child have more than one day’s work to do: cut out single-color pictures from magazines and old catalogs and paste them into an album on a page with the corresponding color. You can cut out different figures from colored paper.

If you wish, you can do something like thisDIY toys- draw colored balls and ask the child to add strings to the balls the right colors, cut out flowers of different colors and ask the child to place these flowers in the required clearings (clearings are sheets of colored cardboard or paper). We sew a didactic toy (turtle or hedgehog) that has colored sectors. You can attach various colored shapes to these sectors using Velcro. We introduce children to color, allowing our imagination to work to its fullest.

The most basic way is to cut out a large square and small circles of the same color from colored paper. Mix the small circles together and ask them to find the red circles and place them on the red square. We will still have yellow circles, well, they also need to be placed on the desired square.

To make the game more interesting, you can cut big flower and small butterflies of the same color and ask the child to help the butterfly fly to the desired flower (red butterfly to red flower; yellow butterfly to yellow). The boy can cut out a truck and ask him to help load the cubes into it.

IN next time Try giving your child the circles in separate order: first give the red circle (where will he put it?), then the yellow one. Repeat this task with different objects, unobtrusively, until your baby can handle it with ease.

The next step is you sorting! Tell your child that you are sorting the item by color and you need his help, ask for a yellow circle, then a red one. Those. Now the child doesn’t just visually sort the colors himself, but first receives verbal information from you, processes it in his head, remembering what color is called “yellow”, “red”, remembering, finds and submits.

Print or make your own cards depicting the most basic colors. For starters, these could be: red, green, yellow and blue. Gradually you can add other colors: purple, brown, black, white and so on.
I present to your attention beautiful pictures depicting the most basic colors. Just print and cut into individual pictures with scissors. You can make your own color learning cards this way. You can label the cards with the name of each color

Children's books and various educational kits that you can buy in stores will be a good help in learning colors. In them you can find riddles about color and rainbows:

" Colors of rainbow "

(A. Wenger).

The colors are terribly tired today:

They painted a rainbow in the sky.

We worked for a long time on the rainbow of colors,

The rainbow came out beautiful, like in a fairy tale.

All colorful - what a beauty!

Just admire the colors:

Red

Red radish grew in the garden bed,

There are red tomatoes nearby.

There are red tulips on the window,

Red banners are burning outside the window.

Orange

Orange fox

I dream about carrots all night -

Looks like a fox tail:

Orange too.

Yellow

The yellow sun looks at the earth,

A yellow sunflower watches the sun.

Yellow pears hang on the branches.

Yellow leaves they fly from the trees.

Green

We have green onions growing

And green cucumbers

And outside the window green meadow

And the houses are whitewashed.

Every house has a green roof,

And a cheerful gnome lives in it

In new green trousers

From maple leaves

Blue

My doll has blue eyes,

And the sky above us is still blue.

It is blue, like a thousand eyes.

We look at the sky, and the sky looks at us.

Blue

There is an island in the blue sea,

The path to the island is long.

And a flower grows on it -

Blue-blue cornflower.

Violet

The purple violet is tired of living in the forest.

I'll pick it and bring it to my mom on her birthday.

She will live with purple lilacs

On the table in beautiful vase by the window.

Puzzles

(O. Emelyanova)

It is in the egg and in the chicken,
In the oil that lies in the oil can,
In every ripe spikelet,
In the sun, in the cheese and in the sand.

He and the frog can croak,
Cry with the crocodile
Grow from the ground with grass,
But it cannot bloom

A third of the flag is occupied by them,
It's in the name of the whale,
And in a cornflower blue bouquet,
And on the mailbox.

Don’t be angry if your child doesn’t hear well what color you want, the main thing is that the child can visually distinguish and sort colors.
Until 2 years of age, color confusion is normal. Sometimes it will seem to you that the child has learned the color perfectly, and then he again confuses it with another, remember, until the age of 2 this is physically normal. If in the future, it means that the material was poorly fixed, and it was too early to start a new color.
As your child's color recognition grows, he will have a “love” for some color, welcome it, buy him things of his favorite color.
As you know, if a person does not use certain skills for a long time, does not repeat the information received, then sooner or later this knowledge is pushed into the far corner of our memory, or even leaves it altogether. That's why you probably noticed that everything methodological manuals repeat the same activities, only making them more difficult.
This activity is suitable for children aged 3 years and older. Its meaning is to connect the colors red-red, yellow-yellow, etc. in the correct order. the result is a drawing.
Do not rush your child, all children are very different. Some people pick it up the first time, while some children need more time to memorize. Play every day and soon you will hear your child pointing at the desired color.

We are surrounded by a huge number of colors, tones and shades. Therefore, teachers and parents must introduce their children to diversity magical world paints You need to know that a young child can independently only identify the property of an object - color, and teaching him to play and practice with colored rings, figures and patches is the task of an adult.

The very first colors that a child identifies are red, yellow, blue and green, and only then all the others. Initially, the baby begins to perceive and remember colors with the help of associations. Its memory stores groups of objects united by a common color. For example: green – grasshopper, grass; blue – sky, river; yellow – sun, chicken, dandelion. Parents should remember that it is always easier for a child to draw conclusions based on their own experience. If you, while walking with your child, repeat to him the description of objects and phenomena (grass is green, the sky is blue) and play “questions” with him (“What else is blue?”), he will not only easily remember the names of colors, but and learn to think about it on your own. Also, for memorizing colors, the main attributes are indispensable - paints and plasticine, and frequent use of them in games will speed up the child’s perception and memorization of both primary colors and others, which the baby usually becomes acquainted with much later, for example, gray, white, orange.

Learning colors with the little ones

When a baby is born, at first he reacts to bright light and distinguishes only it from others. The color perception system matures by 3–4 months, but the baby begins to distinguish colors from the first weeks of life.

At first his attention is attracted by yellow objects. Then he begins to fix his gaze on objects of orange-red color (3–4 months), and then begins to distinguish between blue and green (4–5 months), and a little later – purple (5–6 months). The formation of color vision is completed in a baby by the age of 4–5 years. It is then that you should pay attention to toys of these colors. You need to start learning with two colors, no more, it is best to let them be red and yellow.

You might be surprised: what lessons could there be? The most common ones. Through communication with an adult, a child already in infancy can receive useful information. And for his development, it is very important what importance the mother attaches to knowledge of the world. Of course, a lot of time will pass before the baby begins to name colors and group them, but we can assume that by showing the baby a toy and not forgetting to say what color it is, you have already begun to teach him. It is known that the child’s psyche is very plastic, and even more so at the age of 1 year, so it is important to remember that while you are giving information, it is simply stored in the head. The child is growing, and when the brain is ready to assimilate, remember, and then act with color, these processes will go much easier, because an attentive mother introduced her baby to the colors of toys from a very early age. When such a child grows up, most likely they will say about him “he grasps everything on the fly,” and this will be an excellent result of your efforts.

Learning colors: 1–1.5 years

Your baby has turned 1 year old - a period called early, or walking childhood, has begun. The child is very active and ready for new experiences, but he cognitive processes still very imperfect. When playing with his favorite toys, the baby is able to identify only one property of the object - the one that he likes most; it could be shape or size. As for the color, it does not yet have any significance for recognizing the object, and the baby will not be able to identify the toy by it. This should be taken into account during classes so as not to overload the child with information. That is, you can continue to actively introduce the baby to color, carrying out that very “bookmark” of information, but now it will be much more fun and will sooner bear fruit. After all earlier baby lay in his crib, cooed and only allowed you to describe the surrounding objects to him. Now he himself takes an active part in the games, strings colored pyramid rings, and tries to build towers from cubes.

You also need to pay attention to drawing. At this age, the baby tightly grips a pencil in the palm of his hand, but the joy of drawing manifests itself purely on an emotional level, because he is not yet able to depict something specific.

Learning colors: 1.5–2 years

By the age of 2, the system of color perception as a separate feature of an object is already being established, but not all children are able to identify and understand it, but only those on whose development an adult has actively worked.

Continuing to repeat the colors of toys and other objects that surround the baby, we can encourage the child to turn to his thinking and memory: “Please bring me a yellow cube, a blue ball, a red bow, etc.”

The ability to draw at this age is almost no different from the previous one, but here you can use the child’s tendency to imitate: you can draw a line on a piece of paper with a colored pencil so that the baby does the same - these will be his first steps towards visual creativity. This also includes drawing with fingers, colored crayons, and with wide brushes it’s great to depict blots and strokes, each time saying what kind of paint the baby is currently using.

At the age of up to 2 years, the entire arsenal of toys is actively used, with the help of which you can reinforce the names of colors: mother and baby build towers from cubes (“Let’s put a red cube on a blue one”), assemble a pyramid (“Give me a yellow ring, please”) or, drawing with felt-tip pens, select a suitable color cap for each felt-tip pen.

Learning colors: 2–3 years

With proper training, in the third year of life, a child can distinguish all the primary colors of the spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. Now you have many more opportunities for training and development. The baby will be involved with interest in all the new games that you offer him, and from the age of 3, the game will become the leading activity of the child’s life.

Now exists a large number of variety of games and toys that allow children to continue learning colors at this age. Since by the age of 3 a child can already identify such properties of an object as shape and color, Dienesh blocks are well suited for games to study colors at this age - this is a set of plastic geometric shapes, which are combined by several characteristics, such as color, shape, size. By playing with them, the baby learns to highlight the property of an object, in this case color, to generalize or separate the object from others.

Also at this age, you need to pay attention to the child’s ability to classify according to a selected attribute. You can put 3-4 sheets of paper of different colors in front of him and scattered figures cut out of paper in the same 3 or 4 colors. Let the child determine which sheets will match which figures in color. Similar games can be created with other toys - cubes, pyramid rings, construction set parts, etc.

So, we can summarize how a child’s thinking develops in the third year of life in relation to color perception:

color is perceived meaningfully - as a separate feature of an object;
The baby acquires the ability to classify colors according to a given criterion.

Class time

It is better to conduct classes with a child at this age in the morning after breakfast in the interval between 8.30 and 9.30, or in the evening - from 16.00 to 17.00. IN preschool institutions Teachers, when conducting classes with a group, try to adhere to the same time period, since it has been proven that it is at this time that children are very active and their brains are more receptive to information.

As for the duration of classes, you need to know what younger child, the shorter the “lesson” will be: it can even be a minute long, and this is completely normal - these are the characteristics of attention and perception of children. It is important to take into account individual characteristics child, his temperament. Children are frisky and overly active, even at preschool age they cannot concentrate for five minutes on what they are shown or taught. If your baby is like this, then the lesson will last as long as the baby’s attention is enough. Naturally, when a child grows up, he will need to develop perseverance, otherwise he will constantly “have his head in the clouds” and will not remember anything.

With calm, diligent kids it will be easier to study, and the lessons will be longer.

Time for activities with children

Up to 1 year 2–5 minutes.
From 1 year to 2 years up to 10 minutes.
From 2 to 3 years 10–20 minutes.

A child under 3 years old is extremely active in his actions: he himself plays with a pyramid, lays out colored cards, builds a tower from cubes. But on his own he is not able to study colors and understand how to play with colored figures. Therefore, remember: it is very important that at this time an adult is nearby, tells, explains, teaches.

In games with colors, as in any others, it is important to create a joyful mood in the child, then he will always have the association that activities are fun and healthy. He will transfer this attitude to educational activities when he goes to school.

In class, avoid diminutive words in relation to color. “Red” and “green” should be replaced with “red” and “green” so that the baby initially perceives and pronounces correctly.
If your child draws a pink wolf or a yellow sky, you should not forbid him to do so: remember that the child expresses his emotional state with color.

Do you study colors with your baby every day, but today he is not in the mood, he is capricious, does not listen to you and runs away? Don’t force him - try playing some other game so as not to spoil the mood for yourself or him: at this age, children follow their feelings, and nothing will force them to play if they don’t want to.

In addition to the main colors, do not forget to introduce your child to other, less common colors: pink, gray, purple, otherwise the patterns will become firmly entrenched in the baby’s thinking, and pink color he can call the purple one red, and the purple one blue, because they are similar, but the child does not know their real names.

Educational games

Up to 1 year

There must be a pendant of colored rattles or mobiles hanging above the baby’s crib. These can also be toys attached to the sides of the bed. Change toys periodically and do not forget to name the color of the hanging object. The baby quickly masters what he sees and hears constantly.

When dressing your baby, show him colored socks, hats, mittens and name their colors. Let the baby look at them and touch them.

At six months, a child is able to look for the object you are talking about: show him a red ball, play with it, then ask: “Where is the red ball?”

By 9–10 months, the child independently finds the toy that you hid with him. Ask him to find, for example, blue balloon. Don't forget to repeat which ball he found and praise the baby.

Closer to 1 year, a child can assemble a pyramid. Do this together and comment on which ring to wear, hand him the rings, tell him what color they are. Ask for a green ring.

Without memorizing and memorizing - for now just for the purpose of familiarization - you can paint with paints (using a wide brush, apply strokes and blots to the sheet) and sculpt from plasticine, not forgetting to name the colors.

1–1.5 years

The color of your favorite toy. At this age, the baby already has his favorite toys. When describing them to your child in games, specify what color they are: “Who is this? Bear! What kind of bear? Brown…"; "And who is this? Frog. What frog? Green”, etc.

Color lives in a book. Read and look at books with large images: sun (yellow), frog (green), hare (white/gray), cloud (blue), river (blue), bear (brown), tomato (red), etc. Comment on everything you see to your child. Constantly repeat the colors and ask your child questions about what color.

Colored balls. Show your child 2 small balls, plastic or rubber, such as yellow and blue. Play with your child, roll balls to each other, show, compare: “This is a yellow ball, this is a blue ball.” Repeat several times: “Here, Sasha, yellow ball. Give it to mom, give me a yellow ball, now give me a blue one, please, etc.”

1.5–2 years

Houses and people. Cut out large houses from colored cardboard (let them be 5 houses in red, yellow, blue, green and blue color) and prepare little cardboard men (silhouettes) for them. Ask your child to place the little people in houses, whichever one fits where.

Rugs. Take a sheet of colored paper and cut out a medium-sized circle in the middle using a stencil. Glue the sheet with a round hole onto the cardboard, glue the circle separately so that there is a solid base. Tell your child that this is a red rug in which mice have chewed a hole, but it can be closed. Show how this can be done. The circle fits the rug very well. Make several of these “mats” and “patches”.

Magic bags. Sew bags of 4-5 colors and cut out figures from double-sided cardboard. These can be stars or simply geometric figures - circles, squares, triangles. Place the figures into bags with your baby: red into red, yellow into yellow, green into green.

There is another version of this game. Make the yellow figures for the yellow bag in the shape of small suns, the blue ones in the shape of clouds, the red ones in the shape of apples, and the blue ones in the shape of stars. Your baby will have great fun pulling out the colored figures and putting them back in again and again.

A poem about a rainbow will help you begin to learn the basic colors that your child will soon begin to use.

Rainbow

A rainbow hung in the spring sky,
I looked at the earth cheerfully from the sky.
We smiled joyfully in response:
– Rainbow, rainbow, color, overexposure.
The rainbow hung in the sky for a short time,
She looked from heaven to earth for a short time:
Melted...
What did she leave as a souvenir for everyone?
RED poppies,
YELLOW sand,
GREEN lit up
There is a leaf on a branch.
Beetle PURPLE
Warms the sides.
BLUE splashes
River to its banks.
ORANGE sun
The forests are warm.
And the starling has BLUE... eyes.
(V. Stepanov)

Try to pronounce the names of colors clearly and slowly: there is nothing more touching than watching your baby, who until recently was so stupid, delve into what you tell him!

2–3 years

Let's draw together. Draw a sun, a cloud, an orange with a simple pencil, let them be large sizes- each figure on a separate album sheet. Ask your child what he sees, what color the sun is, ask him to take a suitable pencil and color it in. If necessary, help your baby and do it together.

Color train. Take a large cube, for example, red (it can be a construction piece or a plastic cube). Tell your child that now you will build a train with him. The train consists of carriages. Look for red cubes among the rest and place them one after another. The first large cube will be the “head” of the train, the rest will be the cars. Using the same principle, by combining figures or cubes by color, you can build towers and cities.

Colorful city. For this game you will need figures different shapes– square, triangular, rectangular, Dienesh blocks are ideal. Build, for example, a fence from green cubes, and behind it build houses: small and large - red, blue and yellow. Don’t forget to match the shapes by color - put a red roof (triangular shape) on a red house, etc. Build colored houses with your child.

Riddles for children

Riddles will be one of the first helpers for children in understanding the world around them. They help develop memory - through systematic repetition, thinking - by forcing the child to turn to his own experience to find the answer, imagination, lexicon. It’s good if the answer is, as they say, “at hand”: you can show a mouse in a book, a real frog, on a walk by the lake, etc.

Look at the book.
What do you see? - A mouse.
She happens to be white
But most often... (gray)

A frog jumps in a swamp.
She's always on the hunt.
Goodbye, stupid mosquito!
And the frog's color is... (green)

From shells, from diapers
A little chicken came out.
Oh, how funny you are
Our little lump... (yellow)

I grew up in a meadow in the summer.
I can rip it off.
I'll take the flower home -
Bell... (blue)
(E. Duke)

Colors of rainbow

Learning through poetry greatly facilitates understanding and expands a child's vocabulary. Children listen to poetry with pleasure; they are easier to remember and are deposited in the subconscious. For successful learning, you need to know the individual characteristics of your baby: some remember better when they see a color, an object, a picture in front of them; for other children, pictures can be distracting. Observe your child, determine what is best for him.

The colors are terribly tired today:
They painted a rainbow in the sky.
We worked for a long time on the rainbow of colors,
The rainbow came out beautiful, like in a fairy tale.
All colorful - what a beauty!
Just admire the colors:

Red
Red radish grew in the garden bed,
There are tomatoes nearby - red kids.
There are red tulips on the window,
Red banners are burning outside the window.

Orange
Orange fox
I dream about carrots all night -
Looks like a fox tail:
Orange too.

Yellow
The yellow sun looks at the earth,
A yellow sunflower watches the sun.
Yellow pears hang on the branches.
Yellow leaves are flying from the trees.

Green
We have green onions growing
And green cucumbers
And outside the window there is a green meadow
And the houses are whitewashed.
Every house has a green roof,
And a cheerful gnome lives in it
In new green trousers
From maple leaves.

Blue
My doll has blue eyes,
And the sky above us is still blue.
It is blue, like a thousand eyes.
We look at the sky, and the sky looks at us.

Blue
There is an island in the blue sea,
The path to the island is long.
And a flower grows on it -
Blue-blue cornflower.

Violet
The purple violet is tired of living in the forest.
I'll pick it and bring it to my mom on her birthday.
She will live with purple lilacs
On the table in a beautiful vase near the window.
(A. Wenger)

At successful learning By the age of 2–3 years, the child knows and names the main colors of the spectrum. Playing with colors will not only bring joy to the baby and give good mood, but will also become an important component of the development of his cognitive system and sensory processes. So parents can safely begin fun lessons in all the colors of the rainbow!

The most important thing in introducing children to the world of color, shape and size of objects is move from simple to complex. Gradually, slowly, mastering new knowledge, consolidating it in everyday life play activity together with the child.

Color
In the second year of life, the child must master four primary colors - red, blue, yellow and green. No knowledge about achromatic (black, gray and white) or composite (orange, pink, blue, lilac, lemon, emerald, etc.) colors should be given to a child; this knowledge, difficult for children, will lead to a result that will not please you through a year or two. The result of such training is that at the age of 4, a preschooler cannot find red or blue among 6 pencils, and only black, brown and orange have been added to the primary colors.

So, let's start getting acquainted with the color red. When playing with cubes (or other objects of four primary colors), we take a red cube in our hand and ask the child: “give me the same one.” When the child, after making several mistakes at first, still gives you a red cube, you rejoice immensely and clap clap your hands, praise the baby (smart, clever, well done), support (with your emotional reaction). The child has an understanding of his success and a further desire to achieve success. Then, over the course of several days or weeks, you consolidate this knowledge.

When you see that the child is no longer making mistakes and keeps giving you a red object, you tell the baby: “That’s right, as red as a tomato” - that is, at this stage you have already told the child not only the name of the color, but also reinforced it for a specific object (in other words, “identified”) that the child can pick up, try or eat. Next, you consolidate the acquired knowledge for several more weeks.

When you have secured the red color (the child, without making a mistake, holds out a red object to your request), you can move on to mastering the blue color. The algorithm is the same as with red. When the child has mastered and Blue colour, we ask him to sort the items into different boxes by color. Then you can also master yellow and green colors, following the learning algorithm “from simple to complex.”

Form
We give children of the second year of life knowledge about volumetric forms(a child can pick it up, touch, feel and understand) - cube, brick, ball (ball), roof (triangle-prism), column (cylinder). We try not to use planar concepts of shapes (square, triangle, circle, rectangles, etc.) when playing with the baby.

Size
Big and small - this is where we begin to introduce the baby to size. It is very important to highlight intonation, calling the size of an object: “small” (in a thin, quiet voice), and “large” (in a loud, sonorous voice). Also, the contrast between these sizes should be significant: dog - mouse, swing - ball, mother - baby, etc.

Good luck to you and your kids!

It started to rain: drip-drip-drip. The sun came out. The animals put on their jackets and went out into the meadow.

Tell me what color the Mouse, Teddy Bear, and Hedgehog have on their jacket.

The animals looked at the sky, and there... What a miracle, miracles! A path runs across the sky - it is red, and yellow, and blue, and green... This is... (rainbow) .

Rainbow-arc, don't let it rain,

come on bell sun!

Say hello to the rainbow!

(Talk to your child about the colors of the rainbow and whatthe tracks on it are always located in a certain order (“Eachthe hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits").

Color learning games

Exercises visually introduce primary and secondary colors.

Material: Two red, two blue, two yellow signs (made of colored cardboard, painted wood, spools of colored thread).

The adult lays out the signs in random order and says to the child:

— I want to find the same colors here.

Then he takes any sign and matches it with a pair. The signs are placed nearby. A second pair is laid out under them, etc. The tablets are mixed, and the child selects the pairs independently.

Game 1. On one table there is a red, blue, yellow sign. The pairs are at a considerable distance from them. The adult shows any sign (without handing it over) and asks the child to bring the same one.

Game 2. All the signs are on the table, and the child is asked to take the sign and put it next to an object of the same color. (The child must find an object of the same color in the room and compare it with the sign).

Exercise 7

Material: Pairs of signs in primary colors plus additional ones (green, purple, black, etc.). It is advisable that all pairs be in a box with a lid.

Tablets of primary colors, already familiar to the child, lie on the table in random order. An adult offers to choose pairs. When the child finishes his work, the adult shows that he has more tablets with additional colors and asks the child to choose and place three colors he likes on the table. The remaining signs of additional colors are removed. All tablets are mixed. The child is asked to post pairs.

Exercise 8

Material: A series of plates of primary and secondary colors with shades from the darkest to the lightest (preferably 8 shades).

Adult says:

— Look how I lay out these signs...

and silently lays out a row from left to right from the darkest to the lightest shade of one color. Then he mixes the tablets and invites the child to lay them out the same way. We work with the rest of the shades using the same principle.