What does pes mean in clothing? Symbols on clothing labels

Wool

100% WV (VIRGIN WOOL)

Wool of the highest quality category, shorn, combed or collected from the sheep or lamb at the time of moulting and not subjected to pre-treatment. In other words, it is pure (new), unmixed, first-time processed, unused wool.

Mohair

"Mohair" translated from Turkish "muyhyar" means "best goat hair". Mohair is durable, light weight and retains heat well. It is easy to clean from dirt, dyes well and adds shine to the fabric.

Angora

The appearance of this type of raw material and its name is associated with Angora goats. Angora wool is very fluffy, soft and warm. It is very rarely used in its pure form; it is usually mixed with other fibers.

Merino wool

Merino sheep wool, sheared from a specific place - from the withers, where it is especially good. This is fine wool, its thickness is less than 24 microns. Merino wool is long, white, and has excellent thermostatic and hydroscopic properties. Due to its growth characteristics (natural curl), merino wool is elastic. Fabrics made from such raw materials make it possible to create lightweight, very warm, durable, wrinkle-resistant and comfortable to wear products.

Cashmere

The softest and finest wool in the world. The name comes from the region of Kashmir (India), where it was first produced. Cashmere is the thin and soft fluff (undercoat) of the Tibetan high-mountain goat, living at an altitude of 4-4.5 thousand meters, where the temperature does not rise above minus 10 degrees Celsius. It is this difficult climate that makes cashmere so incredibly soft, lightweight and amazingly capable of retaining heat.

Cashmere is plucked or combed by hand with a special tweezer in the spring, when after the winter cold the goat no longer needs the fluff. One goat brings no more than 150 grams of fluff per year. To knit one cashmere sweater you will need the wool of four to six animals. This is just one of the indicators that clearly illustrates the value of things made from real cashmere.

Cashmere fiber is thinner than 15 microns (whereas the thickness of human hair is 75 microns). This is why touching cashmere feels so good to us. Cashmere fabric is very warm, soft, light, wear-resistant and does not cause allergies.

Alpaca

Alpaca wool is divided into 22 color shades: from pure white, then beige, silver, brown to black. Due to the fact that the individual fibers of alpaca wool are long (up to 12-15 cm), it does not mat and practically does not form pellets, while being distinguished by a silky shine. Wool is obtained by shearing. One animal produces about 1.5 kg of wool.

Products made from alpaca wool do not lose their presentation throughout their entire service life, which is measured in years.

Second only to vicuña wool, alpaca fleece is considered the best among the elite, and is exclusively sorted manually, due to which its own length and its natural qualities are preserved - strength, elasticity and softness, so alpaca products do not shrink when washed, do not roll up and are worn for a very long time.

Vicuna

The most expensive woolen fabric in the world, made from the wool of the vicuña, the smallest member of the family of humpless South American camels, is used exclusively for individual tailoring.

The wool of the vicuna is superior in fineness and lightness to the wool of any other ungulate, but it is very difficult to obtain: the vicuna does not live in captivity, therefore, at certain times of the year, roundups of these animals are organized, during which they are shorn and then released back. At one time, no more than 500 grams of precious wool can be sheared from each animal.

Delicate vicuna does not withstand all dyes, so products made from it are usually offered to the buyer only in certain colors. Natural wool has body-strengthening properties, can neutralize toxins released with sweat, has a positive effect on muscle tissue and skin, stimulates blood circulation, regulates blood pressure, normalizes sleep, eliminates fatigue, and soothes. nervous system, increases the body's resistance to colds, has a healing effect for rheumatism, arthritis, arthrosis, radiculitis, and muscle pain. Nature created alpaca and vicuna wool without lanolin, so it does not contain microorganisms that often cause allergies.

Biella

For more than thirty years, fabrics made in Italy in factories in the city of Biella, Piedmont, have been an international benchmark for the highest quality.

All factories supplying fabrics for TROY COLLEZIONE clothing are located directly in the city of Biella and are the same standard.

• Antipilling treatment- processing of the material, giving it resistance to “dumping”.
• AC Acetato/Acetate/Acetat/Acetate- acetate fiber
• AF Sonstige fasem/Another fibre/Autres fibres, as well as EA other fibers
• CA Canapa/Hemp/Hant/Chanvre- fiber from hemp, hemp
• Charmeuse (locknit)- lightweight and durable woven material
• Co Cotone/Cotton/Baumwolle/Coton- cotton
• COTTON- cotton. One of the types of natural fibers of plant origin. Obtained from the fiber covering cotton seeds.
• Cotton Brushed Twill- woven cotton material with “combing”.
• Cotton Canvas- durable, coarse and dense cotton fabric, made of plain weave from thick yarn, with windproof properties.
• Cotton Combed- cotton material, which is given additional softness through special processing.
• Cotton Corduroy- corduroy. Dense pile cotton fabric with weft pile produced from relatively fine yarn. Corduroy has pile scars on the front side that run along the warp threads.
• Cotton Heavy Jersey- dense, warm cotton knitted fabric, usually with the addition of polyester, with a “comb” on the inside. Surface density indicator from 160 to 260 g/sq.m.
• Cotton Jersey Pique- thick, ribbed cotton fabric with a “comb” on the inside. Produced by combined or one and a half layer weave.
• Cotton Jacquard- woven cotton material with a large-patterned (jacquard) weave of fibers, giving it greater density and originality appearance.
• Cotton Needle-Out Knit- cotton jersey with stripes.
• Cotton Ottoman- elastic cotton jersey with a transverse seal on the inside of the product.
• Cotton Pique- thick ribbed cotton fabric. It is produced using several warp and weft systems. Each of the systems, located one above the other, forms a layer of tissue.
• Cotton Popcorn Knit- cotton jersey with an unusual weave of fibers, similar to terry towel, making the material warmer and more original.
• Cotton Ribb- elastic cotton knitwear with fine stripes, which has higher dimensional stability.
• Cotton Single Jersey- thin cotton knitwear with a surface density of 160 to 180 g/sq.m.
  Cotton Twill- woven cotton material.
• Cotton Waffle Knil- cotton jersey with honeycomb pattern.
• Cu Cupro/Cupro/Cupro/Cupro- copper-ammonia fiber
• EA Altre fibre/Other fibres, as well as AF other fibers
• ELELASTANComma/Bubber/Elastodien/Elastodiene/Elastan/Elasthan/Elasthanne- elastane. Trade name for high-tensile fiber. Same as elastic.
• ESP (Extra Stretch Polyester fiber)- very durable fiber that is resistant to chlorine and sunlight.
• HA Pelo/Hair/Haar/Poil- bristles, hair thread, pile
• Heavy vehicle- poplin, denser and warmer.
• Herringbone- “fishbone” or “herringbone”. A material with an inclined ribbed structure. Interlock - complex fibers obtained by introducing fibers, usually cotton and polyester, into each other at a structural level.
• HL Limisto/Union Linen/Halbleinen/Metis- flax with impurities, semi-linen fiber
• Jersey Brushed Fleece- warm knitted material, usually cotton with polyester, with a “comb” on the inside.
• Li Lino/Linen-Flax/Flaxes, Linen/Lin- linen
• Lining- lining.
• Ly Laychra/Laycra- lycra. The trade name of a highly tensile fiber developed by the chemical concern du Pont. Same as elastic.
• Ma Modacrylice/Modacrylin/Modacryl/Modacryliqe- modified acrylic
• Md Modal/Moadal/Modal/Modal- modified viscose fiber
• NyNYLONNylon/Polyamide polyamide - nylon. General name for polyamide fibers and materials obtained from solutions or melts of polyamides. It has high strength, wear resistance, elasticity and low linear density. They are resistant to many chemical reagents, resist biochemical influences well, and are easy to paint. Low hygroscopic and not resistant to light.
• Nylon Micro- a material based on nylon microfiber, which has high strength, wear resistance and low weight. Able to remove excess moisture from the surface of the body.
• Nylon Micro Ribb- a material based on nylon microfiber with a striped structure.
• Nylon Mini Mesh- nylon mesh. Typically used as a lining. Increases moisture removal from the body surface and air exchange.
• Nylon Oxford- woven nylon, the fibers of which are located perpendicular to each other, due to which strength is achieved and wind and moisture protection properties are increased.
• Nylon/PVC- woven nylon with a polyvinyl chloride coating on the inside, giving the product additional density and water resistance.
• Nylon Ripstop- woven nylon, which has a “checkered” structure, giving the material greater density, wind and moisture protection properties.
• Nylon Taslan- taslan nylon. The trade name of a material based on polyamide microfiber, which has the ability to remove moisture from the surface of the body and improve air exchange.
• Nylon Taslan Washed- the same as taslan nylon, only more “crinkled” and soft (washed nylon).
• Nylon Twill- durable woven nylon, which has increased wear resistance due to the plain weave of the fibers.
• Outer- top, outer part of the product.
• Me Metal/Metal/Meta- metallized thread
• PA Acrilica/Polyacrylic/Polyacryl/Acrylique/Acrilico/Acrylic- acrylic
• PE Polietilen/Polyethylene/Polietileno- polyethylene fiber
• P.L.POLYESTERPolyester/Polyester/Polyester- polyester. General name for polyester fibers and materials obtained from melts of polyethylene rephthalate. Has high strength and wear resistance. It retains its shape well and wrinkles little, resistant to light. Low hygroscopic.
• Polyester Microfiber- fabric based on polyester microfiber, which has excellent moisture-releasing properties due to the special weave of ultra-fine fibers. The material protects well from wind and rain.
• Polyester Mini Mesh- polyester mesh. Typically used as a lining. Increases moisture removal from the body surface and air exchange.
• Polyesler Peach Washer- the same as Polyester Microfiber, but more velvety.
• Polyesler Polar Fleece- polyester fleece (polar fleece), unstructured felted polyester. It has high thermal insulation properties, strength and abrasion resistance, as well as low creasing.
• Polyesler/PVC- fabric based on polyester with additional processing of polyvinyl chloride on the inside, giving the product additional density and water resistance.
• Polyesler Tricot- polyester knitwear with elasticity and high strength characteristics. A product made from this material retains its shape well during wear and after washing.
• Polyesler Tricol Shiny- polyester knitwear with a characteristic shine.
• POLYAMID- polyamide. Same as nylon.
• PP Polypropylene- polypropylene fiber
• PU Polyuretanica/Polyurethane/Polyurethane- polyurethane fiber
• R.A. Ramie- nettle fiber (ramie)
  RVC Polyvinylchloride/Polyvinylchloride- polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride
• PVCF Polyvinylchloride fiber- polyvinyl chloride fiber
• Ribbed Interlock- knitwear based on complex fibers with an “elastic” structure.
• RS Rubber artificial- rubber, artificial rubber
• JU Juta/Jute- jute
• SE Seta/Silk/Seide/Soie- silk
• S.W. Silkworm- silkworm
• TA Triacetato/Triacetate/Triacetat- triacetate
• TS- poplin, an old abbreviation denoting a material consisting of cotton and polyester (another name for Polycotton); can be either woven or knitted.
• Terry (towelling)- terry material, usually cotton-based
• TR Residut tessili/Textile residual/Restlich Textil/Residu Textile- industrial weaving residues, composition arbitrary
• VI Viscosa/Viscose- viscose
• WA Angora/Angora (karin)- wool fiber from Angora goat
• WO Lana/Wool/Woole/Lane/Laine/Wolle- wool
• WK Camello/Camel/Kamel/Chamean- camel's wool
• WL Lama/Liama- wool fiber from llama
• W. M. Mohair- mohair, wool of the Angora goat prepared in a special way
• WS Kashmir/Cashmire/Cashmere/Kaschmir- cashmere
• WP Alpaca/Alpaca- alpaca wool
• WY Yach/Yak/Yack- yak wool



You've probably noticed that good branded clothing is often made from fabrics that you don't often find in a regular store. This is understandable - it is the fabric that determines the lion's share of the cost of clothing, and cheap brands do not pamper their customers with a large selection of materials. However, in stores you can increasingly find clothes made from fabrics from the very high level technology, environmental friendliness and comfort, but with completely incomprehensible names. The composition is always indicated on the internal labels. And here is a reference book that will help you better navigate the wide world of modern materials.

Some manufacturers abbreviate the names of fibers using abbreviations. The reference book of abbreviations used to describe fabric compositions at the end of the article will help you decipher these designations.

Alpaca (ALPACA)- high-pile fabric of a new generation, made from Alpaca llama wool.

Llama Alpaca is a domestic artiodactyl animal of the camelid family. They live in the Andes at an altitude of 3500-5000 meters, in Ecuador, southern Peru, northern Chile and western Bolivia. Alpaca llamas are valued primarily for their wool (24 natural shades), which has all the properties of sheep, but is much lighter in weight. 5 kg of wool is sheared from one individual; they are sheared once a year.

Alpaca is a soft, light, thin fabric with a silky sheen. It looks slightly reminiscent of velvet, suede or sheared fur, and is very pleasant to the touch. According to production technology, alpaca fabric is considered a type of microsuede and is a completely new generation of microfiber.

The outstanding qualities of alpaca fabric are dirt- and water-repellent impregnation, a high percentage of wear resistance and resistance to the claws of pets. Alpaca fabric does not lose these protective properties during use. In addition, it has an innate purity, since it undergoes antibacterial testing, which meets global environmental standards and is completely harmless for people with allergic reactions. Alpaca fabric is unpretentious and does not require special care: it is easy to clean and washable. washing machine without losing its original appearance.

Acetate - Viscose fabric with an acetate base. Chemical fiber with silk shine - light and smooth, easy to wash, shape-resistant.

Acrylic (Acrylic, Acryl) - This is a high quality synthetic fiber made from petroleum. Acrylic fabric is similar to wool in many characteristics and appearance, and in many ways even surpasses it, and therefore is widely combined with it. This is a warm, soft, light, delicate and pliable material with protection from moths. Acrylic does not lose its shape, withstands the effects of acids and solvents, dry cleaning, exposure to a variety of weather conditions. It practically does not fade, does not discolor and is easily dyed, so products made from it can be given a bright, rich color.

However, acrylic fabric also has a number of disadvantages, including the formation of pills, electrification and low breathability.

Acrylic fabric is easy to care for and dries quickly. It is recommended to wash acrylic products in water at room temperature, either by machine or by hand. You need to iron them with a slightly warm iron. Products made from acrylic fabric can be dry cleaned.

Also known material Modacryl- modified acrylic fiber from polyacrylic (min. 85%) and other vinyl components.

Angora , or Angora wool - fabric made from the downy undercoat of the Angora goat or the down of the Angora rabbit, combed out with a special comb. Angora is very thin, fluffy and silky, very warm, and extremely soft and pleasant to the touch. The best Angora wool is produced in France, Italy and Japan. Angora can be light and medium-heavy, melange and plain-dyed. Angora fabrics are used in knitwear production (mainly sweaters and children's clothing), either alone or mixed with other types of wool to increase strength. Angoras are often dyed in a variety of shades, although the most popular color is white.

However, angora also has one characteristic drawback - the property of peeling. To increase wear resistance, Angora wool is practically not used without textile additives, such as, for example, merino wool (lana), acrylic, etc. In addition, the angora is afraid of water - it cannot be washed, and it can only be cleaned chemically. But despite this, when proper care Products made from high-quality Angora yarn last for many years.

Bamboo - high-tech innovative fabric made from natural bamboo fibers, which has a number of unique properties:

Bamboo fabric does not cause allergies

it is very durable

has natural bactericidal properties (according to research, more than 70% of bacteria placed on bamboo fiber die naturally).

In terms of their softness, bamboo fibers are absolutely comparable to silk fibers, in many ways even surpassing them, reminiscent of cashmere.

Bamboo's ability to absorb moisture is four times greater than that of cotton.

Bamboo looks “richer” than cotton, as it has a slight shine.

Bamboo fabric does not shrink when washed.

Thanks to its properties, clothing made from bamboo fabric creates an optimal microclimate, giving a feeling of coolness and comfort in summer and warmth in winter.

Viscose (Viscose, Viskose) , or viscose fiber - an artificial cellulose fiber obtained by chemical processing of natural cellulose. The name “Viscose” itself comes from the Latin viscosus - sticky.

Viscose fiber is one of the first artificial fibers to find practical application: the process for producing viscose fiber was developed at the end of the 19th century. More than a hundred years ago, a discovery was made in France: it turned out that by dissolving cellulose in an aqueous solution of caustic soda in the presence of carbon disulfide, it was possible to obtain threads suitable for the production of yarn. For some time, scientists were marking time, the quality of the fabric left much to be desired, and the production itself was very complex. But at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, difficulties were overcome.

For a long time, viscose fiber was considered the most “natural” and expensive of all artificial fibers, since it is produced from natural raw materials - wood cellulose.

Viscose fabric is soft, has a high degree of breathability, is hygroscopic, which determines its high hygienic qualities (similar to cotton), is pleasant to the touch and is not charged with static electricity. By changing the thickness of the fibers during spinning and combining them with cotton, silk or wool, the result is viscose fabrics that are very similar to natural fabrics: cotton, wool, silk (German Kunstseide), linen. They are widely used in sewing both casual and festive clothes. Viscose is also widely used as a lining fabric for garments.

Viscose fiber is easily dyed with dyes for natural fibers (cotton, linen).

Disadvantages of viscose include easy creasing, significant loss of strength when wet, and poor abrasion resistance. However, these shortcomings can be eliminated to varying degrees by subsequent modifications and processing. Expensive clothing brands use the most technologically advanced and, accordingly, more expensive viscose with improved properties.

Gore-tex - breathable material with high water resistance. This material was specifically designed for use in space and is manufactured by W. L. Gore & Associates. It is used for the manufacture of high-tech clothing, including sportswear.

Gore-tex is a three-layer system: outer fabric, membrane and inner fabric (lining). The main properties of the material are water resistance and wear resistance. It owes these properties to the membrane. This membrane is a very thin fluoroplastic (Teflon) film. It has a huge number of holes per unit area. The holes in the membrane are such that water in liquid form does not pass through them, but when it evaporates, it passes completely freely.

Diolen, see Polyester.

Dolan, a synthetic fiber based on petroleum hydrocarbons, used to produce high-quality clothing and jewelry. See also Polyacryl.

Dorlastan, see Lycra.

Dralon, heat-retaining soft synthetic fabric based on petroleum hydrocarbons, easy to wash, dries quickly, shape-resistant. See also Polyacryl.

Suede (Suede, Veloursleder, Samish leder) - natural or artificial soft leather.

Natural suede is fat-tanned or combined tanned leather made from deer, sheep or goat skin. It is characterized by a velvety surface, softness, water resistance and a high degree of porosity.

Faux suede is a dense satin weave fabric that is subjected to a suede-like brushing and finishing. The texture of suede fabric skillfully imitates the noble matte “moss” surface and the peculiar ink of natural suede.

Leather (Leather, Leder, Fell) The technology for producing artificial leather has reached such heights that manufacturers often manage to recreate not only the texture, but also the smell of natural leather. How can you tell whether a jacket or sheepskin coat is made from artificial or genuine leather? The most obvious way is if you buy clothes from a decent seller. riya store - pay attention to the label. On labels german clothes you may come across the following notations:

Fell - Leather.

Knautschleder - Crumpled (crumpled) leather.

Kunstleder - Leather substitute.

Lackleder - Patent leather.

Leder - Leather, a tanned animal skin, is soft and elastic, having many uses.

Schweinsleder - Pigskin.

On English language On the labels you can find the following inscriptions:

Leather “Split Cowhide” - Inexpensive cowhide, 1.0-1.6mm thick, very durable, but tough and a little dry to the touch.

“Top Grade” leather is a more expensive cowhide, it is as durable as “Split Cowhide”, but much softer and more pleasant to the touch.

Naked Cowhide leather is the most expensive type of cowhide. This leather is superior in strength to “Split Cowhide”, but is also very soft. The Naked Cowhide products feel reminiscent of Lambskin tailored jackets.

Sheepskin “Lambskin” is a soft and thin leather. This leather is used to sew expensive dress jackets.

Pigskin is also very thin and soft... and very fragile. Used mainly in inexpensive clothing and Chinese counterfeits.

Goatskin leather is thin, soft and extremely durable. It is used mainly when sewing expensive gloves and bags.

Deerskin is soft, very durable, but slightly thicker than Goatskin. It is easily distinguished from goatskin by its grey-blue color on the underside.

Horse leather “Horsehide”. This leather is thick and quite tough, as well as extremely durable. American motorcycle police are equipped with jackets made of this leather with a stated service life of 15-18 years.

Buffalo Hide bison leather is an expensive, very thick, soft and very durable leather.

The surest way to find out whether leather is genuine or not is to cut off a small piece and set it on fire. The nature of combustion will immediately reveal synthetic material.

Cashmere (Cashmere, Kaschmir) - very thin high-quality wool fabric, considered the most noble and expensive type of wool. The name of the fabric comes from the name of the Indian state of Kashmir - the homeland of cashmere mountain goats. This material is produced from the dressed down (undercoat) of these goats, combed by hand with a special tweezer. Cashmere has been known to Europe since the 18th century, since the reign of Napoleon, from the very moment when he brought an oriental cashmere shawl to Josephine as a gift.

Currently, the main suppliers of cashmere down are China, Mongolia, India, Iran and Afghanistan. The most valuable is Mongolian cashmere, which is valued for its unique natural properties: light, warm, soft, always looks expensive and elegant.

Cashmere has an amazing ability to retain heat. The fabric does not cause allergies. It is unusually light, soft and delicate. Pleasant and very comfortable to wear. According to the nature of the color, cashmere can be plain, variegated, melange and printed. But any shade in which cashmere is dyed looks like a light haze, very pleasing to the eye.

Cashmere is used to sew dresses, blouses, and cardigans. It is quite popular and loved in the fashion world, despite the fact that it is quite expensive.

But, of course, cashmere products require special care. They can only be washed by hand in warm water up to 30°C, using special detergent solutions for delicate fabrics. Under no circumstances should you squeeze cashmere! It is laid out on a terry towel and rolled into a roller - this will get rid of excess water. Then carefully lay out on a flat surface to prevent stretching. You should also keep in mind that cashmere should not be dried in the sun or near heating devices.

Lycra- highly extensible (up to 500-700%) synthetic fiber, the use of which in a mixture with other fibers ensures high extensibility and elasticity of the fabric. It has found wide application in the production of fabrics used for products that tightly fit the human figure, the so-called “stretch” or “elastic” - swimsuits, sportswear, dresses, underwear, trousers, jeans, etc. To obtain a noticeable effect, it is enough to add everything to the fabric 2% Lycra fibers.

In Europe, this material is also called elastan (elastan), dorlastan (dorlastan) and in the USA and Canada - spandex.

The technology for making lycra was invented and introduced by DuPont, which is its manufacturer to this day. Lycra fiber is a bunch of tiny threads that forms a single continuous thread. Used in combination with other fibers, both natural and artificial. Fabrics with the addition of lycra, required to ensure optimal elasticity and elasticity, do not change their appearance, which depends only on the characteristics of the base material (cotton, linen, wool, etc.). Lycra is highly breathable and does not require special care. Retains 100% elasticity even after numerous washes. Insensitive to sea and chlorinated water, sweat and cosmetics.

Linen (Linen, Leinen, Flachs, Lino), or linen fabric - a textile fabric of a special linen weave made from linen yarn, sometimes with the addition of cotton or synthetic fiber. The texture of the fabric has properties such as a high degree of breathability,strength, hygroscopicity. Linen fabrics with the addition of lavsan are wrinkle-resistant and wear-resistant. Traditional colors of linen fabrics include shades of ivory, light yellow-brown and gray tones. Purely White color linen fabric is achieved by complex textile bleaching.

Lyocell, lyocell (Lyocell)- it's pure natural fiber, obtained from eucalyptus wood using an environmentally friendly method. Lyocell production was awarded the European Environmental Protection Award in 2000. The first samples of the fabric were produced in 1988 by Courtaulds Fibers UK. Lyocell is produced under various commercial names: Tencel (Tenzel, Tencel) - Lenzing company, Orcel - VNIIIIPV (Russia).

Lyocell is used in the manufacture of various clothing. Lyocell fabrics have a number of advantages: they are pleasant to the touch, durable, hygienic and environmentally friendly, more elastic and hygroscopic than cotton. It is believed that lyocell fabrics can seriously compete with fabrics made from natural fibers.

Microfiber, Microfiber (Microfibre) - textile yarn with a microfiber structure or fabric made of 100% synthetic fiber with a thread size of less than 1 denier. Ten kilometers of thread made from microfiber weighs only 1 gram, and three kilograms is enough to “gird” the entire Earth. Microfiber is 2 times thinner than silk and 60 times - female hair. The main varieties of microfiber are made from polyester or nylon, which are also used in combination with other polymers.

Microfiber is used in the production of woven, non-woven and knitted textiles. The texture, thickness and composition of microfiber is selected in accordance with certain requirements for the finished product, such as softness, wear resistance, absorbency, strength, hydrophobicity, electrodynamics and filtration quality. Microfiber does not fade, does not pill, absorbs much more water than any other fabric, and dries quickly after washing.

Extremely dense textile products made of microfiber have many air chambers with tiny pores that help maintain optimal body temperature. The clothes are completely impervious to the wind. Varieties of microfiber fabrics are produced under the brands “Diolen Micro”, “Tactel Micro”, “Meryl”. Their area of ​​application is sewing outerwear and sportswear. Microfiber is not mixed with other fibers. Caring for the products is simple, they can be washed and dry-cleaned, which will not damage either the structure or shape of the clothing..

Mohair - exquisite finely woven angora goat wool. Unlike Angora yarn (angora), which is made from the undercoat of a goat's coat, combed out with a special comb, mohair yarn is made from the sheared hair of an animal.

Angora goats are sheared twice a year, in spring and autumn. The wool is then processed or washed to remove natural oils and dirt. Due to the structural features of goat hair, other fibers have to be added to mohair yarn, most often sheep wool or acrylic fiber. Modern technologies do not allow increasing the content of Angora goat wool in fabric above 83%. Mohair has a silky shine, is quite elastic, durable and light. The name of the fabric comes from the Arabic word mukhayyar.

Mohair is one of the oldest fibers used in textile production. The thickness of mohair yarn depends on the age of the Angora goat and ranges from 25 to 45 microns in diameter. This means that the younger the animal, the finer wool. Accordingly, thin mohair yarn used for the manufacture of more “delicate” products, such as clothing - sweaters, dresses, scarves, gloves, socks, etc., and thicker yarn is suitable for weaving carpets and making dense wool fabric, used later for sewing outerwear(for example, a coat) or as upholstery material.

Modal- This is a modernized viscose spinning fiber, which is produced from cellulose, which in turn is obtained from wood.

Its tensile strength is higher than that of viscose, and in terms of hygroscopicity it is almost 1.5 times superior to cotton and is therefore very hygienic. Unlike cotton, Modal fabric has a small percentage of shrinkage and remains soft after washing due to the fact that the smooth surface of Modal does not allow impurities (lime or detergent) remain on the fabric, making it hard to the touch.

Modal fiber is very light. Ten thousand meters of this fiber weighs only 1 gram. All this makes Modal an ideal component in mixed fabrics.

Advantages of using modal in fabrics:

gives a soft shine;

makes the fabric soft and delicate;

does not shrink and does not lose elasticity;

provides comfort to wear: slightly “cools” the skin in hot weather, does not cause irritation;

good hygienic indicators (moisture quickly comes out from the inside to the surface);

retains all properties even after repeated washing;

practically does not change color (does not fade or fade).

Disadvantages of modal:

modal retains its elastic properties slightly worse than viscose

high cost of production compared to other fabrics

Micromodal fiber is also used in the production of fabrics, which, due to the greater fineness of individual fibers compared to conventional Modal, increases the strength and wear resistance of products.

Nylon, a synthetic fiber from the polyamide group, with low hygroscopicity, quick-drying, does not require ironing, is moth-proof and does not wrinkle. Doesn't tear, fray or crack. Nylon is developed in the USA.

Perlon, an artificial silk fiber from the group of polyamides with characteristics similar to nylon. Perlon was developed in Germany.

Polyacrylic - Fully synthetic soft fleecy fabric based on petroleum hydrocarbons with a high degree of water repellency and great resistance to overheating, etc. atmosphere black phenomena. Good wearing performance. Trade names of polyacrylic fabrics: Dralon, Orlon and Dolan. Polyacrylic is widely used in making sportswear. Fabrics based on it are lightweight, their wavy structure retains air and therefore has excellent thermal insulation properties. Caring for them is simple - wash in warm water, quick drying and virtually no need for ironing.

Polyamide - the general name of a whole group of different synthetic fibers, including nylon, nylon, silon, perlon. Polyamide fibers are obtained by processing various organic raw materials - oil, natural gas, coal. The main properties of products made from polyamides: sufficient rigidity, surface smoothness, lightness, high dimensional stability and strength, low light resistance, low hygroscopicity (which is the reason for their increased electrification and low hygiene), resistance to abrasion and impact loads, resistance to fading. Polyamide fiber does not burn, but melts odorlessly, forming a soft ball at the end.

Polyamide fabrics were one of the first synthetic fabrics to enter the market; The popular name “synthetics” for a long time referred exclusively to them.

Polyamide fibers and threads are widely used for the production of such types of products as synthetic and mixed fabrics for household and technical purposes, yarn, knitted fabrics, hosiery, artificial fur, carpets, etc.

Polysonic - high-tech high-strength fiber based on rayon. It is a natural fiber obtained from wood pulp, cellulose and rayon (see Rayon). Polysonic allows you to get more thin fabric than pure rayon, and at the same time has high resistance to stretching when wet. Polysonic is usually used in combination with other fibers to create modern complex fabrics. Often used in combination with microfibre to produce the most expensive luxury microfiber.

Polyester- new generation synthetic material. It allows air to pass through well, is characterized by increased lightness and thinness, softness and ease of care, easy to clean, does not wrinkle, does not shrink, dries quickly, and is very durable. Also known as Diolen. Their appearance resembles cotton or wool.

Not only pure polyester fabrics are popular, but also mixtures of polyester and natural wool, the so-called wool blends, which retain the thermal insulation properties of wool, but are significantly superior to the latter in strength and wear resistance.

Polyester fibers are resistant to weather conditions, so they are used for sewing jackets and coats. The thermoplastic properties of polyester are used in clothes with ironed folds: trousers and pleated skirts.

The disadvantages of polyester - low hygroscopicity and the tendency to accumulate static electricity - do not allow the use of fabrics made from it for underwear and any clothing worn on the naked body.

Polyurethane (Polyurethane)- synthetic fabric that blends perfectly with other fabrics.

Rayon, district (Rayon) - used to designate products made from viscose with the properties of silk - “viscose silk”. In everyday speech, the term "rayon" is widely used, however, in accordance with the provisions of the law on the naming and labeling of textile products, it cannot be used to indicate the type of fiber. When labeling, the material should be called silk acetate, viscose or rayon. Rayon is the firstindustrially produced chemical fiber. Like any viscose fiber, it is obtained from the natural product cellulose, that is, the raw material is wood.

Natural silk can be distinguished from artificial silk by performing a simple test - a combustion test. Smoldering pure silk, being a protein compound, emits the smell of burnt horn. Artificial silk, being a cellulose product, on the contrary, produces whitish smoke and emits a pungent odor similar to the smell of burning paper.

Ramie- high-quality, flax-like, natural thread obtained from Chinese nettle. The thread is very uniform and smooth with a wonderful matte effect.

Spandex, see Lycra

Tactel- synthetic material combined with natural threads, gives a feeling of comfort. The thread consists of many ultra-fine fibers, and the more of them in the yarn, the lighter it feels. Tactel is as hygienic as cotton, as light as silk, and as flexible as polyester.

Tencel (Tenzel, Tencel), see Lyocell

Cotton (Cotton, Baumwolle, Cotone) - a natural fiber made from the cotton plant.

Cotton is a thin, short, soft, fluffy fiber. The fiber is somewhat twisted around its axis. Cotton is characterized by relatively high strength, chemical resistance (it does not deteriorate for a long time under the influence of water and light), heat resistance (130-140 ° C), average hygroscopicity (18-20%) and a small proportion elastic deformation, as a result of which cotton products become heavily wrinkled. Cotton's abrasion resistance is low.

Advantages of cotton fabric:

Wearability

Softness

Elasticity

Good absorption capacity in warm weather

Washing durability

Easy to paint

Healthy, natural material

Flaws:

Wrinkles easily

Tends to shrink

Turns yellow in the light

Cotton fabric is a textile fabric made from cotton or mixed yarn (with the addition of synthetic fibers). Currently there are a huge number of varieties cotton fabric, which differ in the method of weaving, composition, structure, appearance and purpose.

Silk (Silk, Seta, Seide)- noble natural fiber from the cocoon of a silkworm, fabric with shine. Depending on the quality, type of weave and finishing of the threads, silk fabric can be very light and soft, or, conversely, heavy and stiff. One of the most expensive and high-quality varieties of silk fabric is twisted silk, which is made from long threads from the middle of the cocoon.

The history of silk fabric begins in China since the development of mankind. The technology of its production was kept strictly secret and was not disclosed at any cost. Illegal export of fabric or silkworm larvae was punishable by death. It was only in the Middle Ages that the technology for producing silk fabric became known to Byzantium, Venice, Genoa, Florence and Milan, occupying one of the main industries. Currently, natural silk fabric is also one of the most expensive, but no less popular and in demand.

When washing, any type of silk fabric sheds heavily, so wash silk only by hand at a water temperature of about 30°C and soft washing powder. In addition, silk should not be rubbed, squeezed or twisted. It should be rinsed thoroughly, lightly shake off the water and dry on a towel. It is recommended to add a little vinegar to the last rinse water, which will refresh the colors of the silk. Silk fabric is ironed while still slightly damp and only on the wrong side.

Wool (Wool, Lana, Wolle, Wollstoff)

Wool (English: Wool, Italian: Lana, German: Wolle, Wollstoff), or wool fabric is a textile fabric made from pure wool or mixed (with the addition of up to 80% other fibers) yarn. The addition of synthetic fiber to the fabric composition provides a high degree of wear resistance of woolen fabric, despite the fact that it slightly reduces its hygroscopicity. Woolen fabric is produced in plain, twill, fine-patterned, large-patterned, and combined weaves.

Fine wool (lana merinos) - does not prick, it is thin and soft. Merino wool items are pleasant to the touch and elastic. This fiber does not irritate the skin and is perfect for sewing children's clothing.

Quality control of wool yarn, fabric and products made from them is carried out by the International Wool Secretariat. Only enterprises that have passed this control have the right to put the Pure wool or Woolmark mark on their products - a certificate of quality that you can trust.

Elasthan - Elastane, see Lycra ( Lycra)

Abbreviations table:

	Acetato/Acetate/Acetat/Acetate	acetate fiber
	Sonstige fasem/Another fibre/Autres fibres, as well as EA	other fibers
	Canapa/Hemp/Hant/Chanvre	hemp fiber
	Cotone/Cotton/Baumwolle/Coton	cotton
	Cupro/Cupro/Cupro/Cupro	copper-ammonia fiber
	Altre fibre/Other fibres, as well as AF	other fibers
	Comma/Bubber/Elastodien/Elastodiene/Elastan/Elasthan/Elasthanne	elastane
	Pelo/Hair/Haar/Poil	bristles, hair thread, pile
	Limisto/Union Linen/Halbleinen/Metis	flax with impurities, semi-linen fiber
	Lino/Linen-Flax/Flaxes, Linen/Lin	linen
	Laychra/Laycra	lycra
	Modacrylice/Modacrylin/Modacryl/Modacryliqe	modified acrylic
	Modal/Moadal/Modal/Modal	modified viscose fiber
	Nylon/Polyamide	nylon, polyamide
	Metal/Metal/Meta	metallized thread
	Acrilica/Polyacrylic/Polyacryl/Acrylique/Acrilico/Acrylic	acrylic
	Polyester/Polyester/Polyester	polyester, polyester fiber
	Polietilen/Polyethylene/Polietileno	polyethylene fiber
	Polypropilene	polypropylene fiber
	Polyuretanica/Polyurethane/Polyurethan	polyurethane fiber
	Ramie	nettle fiber (ramie)
	Rubber artificial	rubber, artificial rubber
	Juta/Jute	jute
	Seta/Silk/Seide/Soie	silk
	Silkworm	silkworm
	Triacetato/Triacetate/Triacetat	triacetate
	Residut tessili/Textile residual/Restlich Textil/Residu Textile	industrial weaving residues, composition arbitrary
	Viscosa/Viscose	viscose
	Polyvinylchloride/Polyvinylchloride	polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride
PVCF	Polyvinylchloride fiber	polyvinyl chloride fiber
	Angora/Angora (karin)	wool fiber from angora goat
	Lana/Wool/Woole/Lane/Laine/Wolle	wool
	Camello/Camel/Kamel/Chamean	camel's wool
	Lama/Liama	llama wool fiber
	Mohair	mohair, wool of the Angora goat dressed in a special way
	Kashmir/Cashmire/Cashmere/Kaschmir	cashmere
	Alpaca/Alpaca	alpaca
	Yach/Yak/Yack	yak wool

Reduction	Decoding	Description	Additionally
	Abaca (Manila hemp)	Manila hemp
	Acetato Acetate Acetate Acetate	Acetate fiber
	Sonstige fasem Another fiber Autres fibers as well as EA	Other fibers
	Alginate	Alginate
	Asbestos	Asbestos fiber
	Canapa Hemp Hant Chanvre	Hemp fiber
	Coir (coconut)	Coconut fiber
	Chlorofiber	Chloride fiber
	Cotone Cotton Baumwolle Coton	Cotton
	Cupro Cupro Cupro Cupro	Copper-ammonia fiber, cupro
	Altre fiber other fibers, and also A.F.	Other fibers
	Comma Bubber Elastodien Elastodiene Elastan Elasthan Elasthanne	Elastane
	Flos	Flos	Rayon
	Glass Fiber	Fiberglass
	Pelo Hair Haar Poil	Bristles, hair thread, pile
	Henequen	Mexican sisal
	Limisto Union Linen Halbleinen Metis	Linen with impurities, semi-linen fiber	Flax fiber with the addition of other fibers (usually less than 5%).
	Jute	Jute
	Kenaf (Hibiscus hemp)	Kenaf
	Kapok	Kapok (plant fluff)
	Lino Linen-Flax Flachs, Linen Lin	Linen
	Laychra Laycra Lycra	Lycra
	modacrilice Modacrylin Modacryl Modacryliqe	Modified acrylic
	Metal Metallised Metall Meta	Metallic, metallized fiber
	Modal Moadal Modal Modal	Modified viscose fiber, Modal
	Maguey	Mexican sisal "Maggie"
	Modal	Modal (long staple cotton)
	Nylon Polyamide	Nylon, polyamide
	Acrylica Polyacrylic Polyacryl Acrylic Acrilico Acrylic	Acrylic, sometimes nylon, polyamide
	Polycarbamid	Polyurea
	Acrylic	Acrylic
	Polietilen Polyethylene Polietileno	Polyethylene fiber
	Paper	Cellulose fiber
PL, PES	Polyester Polyester Polyester	Polyester
	Polypropilene	Polypropylene
	Protein	Protein
	Polyuretanica Polyurethane Polyurethane	Polyurethane
	Ramie	Nettle fiber (ramie)
	Rubber artificial	Rubber, artificial rubber
	Rayon	Rayon
	Seta Silk Seide Soie	Silk
	Sisal	Sisal
	Silkworm	Silkworm
	Triacetato Triacetate Triacetat	Triacetate
	Residut tessili Textile residual Restlich Textile Residu Textile	Industrial weaving residues, composition arbitrary Some manufacturers designate this as Trevira, a flame retardant polyester.
	Trivinyl	Trivinyl
	Viscosa Viscose	Viscose
	Vinyl	Vinyl
	Polyvinylchloride Polyvinylchloride	Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride
	Polyvinylchloride fiber	Polyvinyl chloride fiber
	Angora Angora (karin)	Angora
	Beaver	Beaver fur
	Vicuna	Lama Vicuña
	Camello Camel Kamel Chamean	Camel's wool
	Lama Liama	Wool fiber from llama
	Mohair	Mohair
	Lana Wool Woole Lane Laine Wolle	Wool
Information about fabric composition is important for many reasons. It primarily determines the mechanical and external characteristics of the fabric, its wear resistance, shrinkage and other parameters. Different type fibers in cost can vary significantly. As a rule, natural fabrics are more expensive than synthetic ones. Knowing the composition of the fabric, you can with a fair degree of confidence assume a suitable washing, drying and ironing regime (if this is allowed at all). The area of ​​application directly follows from the intended care regimen. For example, 100% linen tulle in the kitchen will inevitably collect grease and will need to be washed regularly, which will certainly lead to shrinkage of the fabric. Conclusion - it is better not to use this type of fabric in an inappropriate place. The order of the short designations for mixed fabrics is sorted in descending order of percentage. For example, 53%PES, 40%VI, 7%LI In the case of equal content, the sequence can be any. Fabrics made from 100% of one type of fiber may be labeled "All" instead of "100%" 100% CO = All CO. If the percentage of material is less than 5%, such fiber may be designated as “other fiber” or “other fibers”. This rule does not apply to characteristic fibers that radically change the properties of the fabric; for example, 1% Lurex is enough to make the fabric sparkle. The same goes for spandex and some other specialty fibers. Also, wool cannot be declared as “another fiber”. Abbreviations denoting the types of fibers that make up the fabric are regulated by international rules. However, some fabrics have different names in the New and Old Worlds. What an American would call spandex, a European would call elastane, and fans of DuPont products would call it Lycra. Accordingly, the conditional abbreviations will differ.

For your convenience, we have prepared for you detailed description fabrics and their main properties and characteristics that are used in the manufacture of clothing for those products that are presented in our online store women's clothing"The Most Fashionable". If you lack a description of any fabric or have other wishes, you can always write to us about it. All wishes will be taken into account and implemented to the extent possible.

Description of fabrics. Their main types and characteristics

The highest quality artificial fiber, stable in shape, resistant to heat retention, often used instead of wool or in conjunction with it to improve some of the characteristics of the product. Acrylic is also called “artificial wool”, which in its own qualities is similar to natural wool; it has many extremely rare properties. Acrylic fibers can be dyed very well, as a result of which you can make yarn of bright, highly saturated, intense colors. Acrylic canvas has many advantages - hypoallergenic, pleasant to the touch, color fastness. Things that are pleasant and comfortable to wear Everyday life, they are comfortable and warm. This material is not fussy when caring, but you should follow some recommendations: wash products at a temperature of no more than 30C, things should not be wrung out, they should be laid out on a flat surface until completely dry. Ironing should be done at minimum temperature.

Alex– a fabric with good elasticity, which is a representative of the “knitted family”. Due to the fact that the fabric is made by knitting (the loops are tightly intertwined with each other), Alex holds its shape perfectly and practically does not wrinkle. Most often, the fabric contains cotton, viscose fibers and about 30% polyester. Business dresses, trouser suits, and classic skirts are made from this material.

Angora- wool fabric of the Angora goat, gentle to the tactile sensations, with a distinctive soft and delicate pile. The fabric comes in light and medium-weight types, plain-dyed or melange. The use of angora is widespread. Women's dresses, all different suits, lightweight coats, etc. are made from it.

Smooth and dense fabric with a glossy front side. Satin is highly wear-resistant, drapes well, and with proper care retains its shape. Fabric made from silk threads is susceptible to high temperatures, but the material with the addition of synthetic fibers is more resistant and durable. Satin is used to make evening and cocktail dresses, long skirts, and blouses. Fabric composition may vary. The most expensive products are made from 100% silk. More affordable fabrics will contain cotton and viscose fibers. The cheapest satin is made from 100% polyester.

Velvet– noble fabric with resistant pile. Made from silk, wool and cotton threads. Viscose can also be added to the structure of the material, due to which velvet becomes more durable and stretches well. The fabric differs in its texture - soft pile, up to 5 mm long, gives a pleasant tactile sensation. The peculiarities of velvet are its iridescent surface and color saturation, but the disadvantages include difficulties in care, since such things can only be washed by hand, and stubborn stains are quite difficult to remove.

Airy, lightweight fabric, which, although it seems very delicate, is highly durable and able to retain its shape. The most expensive cambric is the one that is made by hand from linen and cotton threads using the twisting method. But modern industry allows everyone to wear products made from this fabric - in addition to cotton fibers, the fabric contains synthetic threads, which make the material easier to care for and more affordable. They sew from cambric summer dresses, sundresses, skirts, it is also used for finishing blouses.

Natural stretch fabric containing a large number of cotton fibers and a small percentage of elastane. The fabric has the property of high thermal conductivity, which is accompanied by a feeling of pleasant freshness and coolness.

Biflex. A fabric that stands out for one property: it stretches perfectly. It is made by spinning - the threads are intertwined with each other on a special machine. Biflex can have different densities and compositions. Most often, more than 50% of the composition is lycra and lurex - synthetic materials that are responsible for the shine and characteristics of the fabric. The composition may also include microfiber and nylon - another representative of the “synthetic” ones, which give supplex moisture-proof properties. Tracksuits and swimsuits are made from this material.

Boucle- a fabric made from wool thread. Her characteristic features– the presence of many small curls and a bumpy surface to the touch. Bouclé is also compared to small astrakhan. The fabric composition, in addition to wool, may include cotton, viscose, and synthetics. The thicker the material itself and the curls, the more wool it contains. They make coats, suits, and scarves from boucle. The most famous fans of boucle suits are Jacqueline Kennedy and Sophia Loren. This fabric does not wrinkle, and woolen products can only be washed by hand.

Velveteen- this material is synthetic fabric, the outer part of which is made of pile. This material has been known since ancient times, being considered the “fabric of kings,” which made it very expensive and practically inaccessible to the general public. However, now this fabric is made using a slightly different technology, which has increased the elasticity of the material itself. In addition, products made from corduroy are quite pleasant to the touch and durable, but special care must be taken when washing - the material can lose its shape and wrinkle.

Velours- fabric with low, very dense and soft pile. A material that is pleasant to the body, used for sewing clothes. Things made of velor are comfortable and cozy. Items made of velor practically do not dry out and are resistant to other damage, do not stretch and look like new after a long time. Fabric composition: lycra, cotton with polyester or can consist of 100% cotton. Thanks to the inner layer of jersey that comes into contact with your baby's skin, which is made of cotton. Things made of velor are comfortable, cozy and warm for children and adults. It is recommended to wash at less than 35 degrees, also handwash. Ironing after washing is not recommended.

Viscose- a delicate, tactile fiber (fabric) with the highest brightness of color and soft shine. Viscose has a composition similar to natural cotton fiber and is therefore hygroscopic and easily permeable to air. Moreover, it gives a feeling of coolness in hot weather.

Gabardine. A fabric that is durable due to a special weave of threads - embossed, diagonal weaving is used, and also holds its shape well, allowing you to create draperies and textured folds that do not deform after washing. Natural gabardine is made from merino sheep wool - expensive suits and short coats are made from this material. Today, gabardine is most often composed of cotton, rayon and textured polyester threads. Skirts, jackets and suits are made from this fabric.

Galliano- a fabric that got its name thanks to the famous Italian designer, who, when sewing products, pays Special attention lining Yes, galliano is a lining fabric that can have a different composition. For example, the lining that will be used to sew a coat or jacket will contain twill and viscose. For dresses and skirts, galliano fabric is used, which consists of satin and polyester. This material is durable, holds its shape well, but has virtually no stretch.

Guipure- translucent fabric in the form of lace patterns on a mesh base. This material is widely used for the production of products consisting of it, as well as some individual elements to models, for example: lace sleeves of dresses, sweaters, etc., lace inserts on the back in summer or demi-season models. Guipure is used for the production of evening dresses, sweaters and other things. Lace overlays give models festive look.

- a combination of two elegant fabrics that allows you to get an impressive material at low cost. On the front side you see a sophisticated guipure pattern, and on the back side you see smooth and pleasant to the touch satin. To make this fabric, stretch satin is used, which includes lycra, as well as guipure. The latter, as a rule, is made of cotton or polyamide threads, less often - of silk, linen and viscose. Guipure on satin is chosen for sewing corsets for evening dresses, jackets, and skirts.

Guipure Printed. Fabric that consists of two elements: embossed lace and fine mesh, which, in fact, connects the lace elements. Lace is usually made from cotton, but mesh may contain synthetic fibers, which add wear resistance and strength to the product. Printed guipure, unlike traditional guipure, can have different color solutions, since the color and design here are applied mechanically. Original dresses are made from this material; it is used as inserts in jackets and evening dresses where a corset is used.

Diving- High-quality and highly elastic fabric, which gives it a dimensionless effect. It fits your body perfectly, drapes perfectly and holds its shape well. The fabric is breathable and has the important inherent property of removing moisture and sweat from the surface of the body. Diving is a versatile and durable fabric and is often used for sewing: not only everyday women's clothing, dresses, but also for the production of sportswear, including athletics.

Diving Micro- a fabric that, unlike its “brother” - diving, has a very wide range of applications. It is used to make dresses, pencil skirts, tracksuits, and leggings. It is made from thin viscose fibers and is lightweight, stretches well and does not restrict movement. In addition to viscose, micro diving also contains lycra, polyester and elastane. Due to the presence of lycra and elastane, the fabric drapes well and fits well.

Double thread- thickened knitted fabric, made on the basis of kulirka, simply “Kulirka”, one of the natural cotton-based materials widely used in our everyday life. the outer side is flat and smooth, and the inner side is loop-shaped, created by knitting interlining threads of the highest density from the inside. The fabric is resistant to wear and does not lose shape, pilling or stretching. This natural and natural material allows the skin to breathe perfectly even in warm and hot weather, easily passing air through itself. Important: it is advisable to wash at a temperature of no more than 30 degrees, as the fabric shrinks after washing. Composition – 100% cotton.

Thickened fabric. Either wool (worsted) or cotton spun yarn. Scars are clearly visible on the surface of the fabric; they are obtained as a result of appropriate selection of the proportions of density and thickness and the introduction of a special weave of threads. The diagonal is so strong that it is used for sewing military uniforms, and for you and me, coats, jackets and other things are sewn from it.
During production, the fabric is created on the basis of natural materials. Therefore, the fabric is hygroscopic and allows air to pass through quite easily, allowing the body to breathe. All things made from this material bring convenience and comfort, including practicality in use to the owner. The product does not cause hypoallergenic reactions. I would like to note the thermal insulation characteristics: in cool times, clothes made from it warm and retain heat, and at elevated temperatures, on the contrary, it gives a feeling of freshness and coolness.

Jacquard— this material is a special fabric that is made by complex interweaving of various threads. This technology also affects the price of the final material, which is quite high. As for products made from this fabric, they are very durable, lightweight, wear-resistant and hypoallergenic. The use of natural materials in production allows this fabric to be used even for clothing for newborns.

Suede- aka champoo (aka rovduga and vezh), this is leather made from deer and sheepskins using a method called fat tanning. It has characteristic properties: soft silkiness, a certain velvety quality and such an important property as moisture resistance. Painted in different colors. A distinctive feature of the fabric is its sponginess and porosity.

The material is made by combining a cotton or silk base with microfiber or polyester threads. Clothes - skirts, jackets - are made using a woven method - microfiber cloth is split into small fibers and applied to a cotton or silk base. This method ensures the reliability of the material. The non-woven method, in which polyester threads are glued to a base, is distinguished by its low cost, but also of lower quality processing. Artificial suede is soft, wear-resistant and practically does not deform.

The material consists of two parts: a base and a layer of polymers. It has good strength, elasticity, hypoallergenicity and withstands frost and ultraviolet radiation. Cotton and polyester can be used as a base, and polyurethane as a top layer. The combination of a fabric base and porous polyurethane makes faux leather a fabric that is highly breathable and can be used to make dresses, skirts, leggings and trousers.

– this includes several types of canvases that differ in their composition, but have several mandatory properties. Suit fabric should hold its shape well, fit your figure and be wear-resistant. The material can contain wool with elastane, cotton with the addition of polyester, and viscose. The best suiting fabrics are considered to be cotton with the addition of synthetic fibers - they are good for the summer-spring period, as well as woolen fabrics with viscose and elastane. The latter are worth choosing for a warm winter-autumn suit.

Suit fabric "Tiare"- a fairly thick, plain-dyed suiting fabric of a dark color with elastane; the clothing is flexible and elastic, which gives it a sort of dimensionless quality and does not restrict movement. A special feature is the softness, comfort and amazing pleating of the fabric. "Tiare" is widely used for sewing school clothes and clothes for women. Often used to make dresses, jackets, skirts, sundresses and much more.

— this fabric is almost 100% composed of natural cotton. Sometimes certain impurities of organic origin are added to the composition, but they only enhance the positive characteristics of cotton. Clothing made from cotton absorbs moisture well and allows air to pass through, which makes it almost indispensable in the summer. It also has good hypoallergenic properties, but with prolonged wear the color saturation may be somewhat lost. However, this drawback is more than covered by its undoubted advantages.

Natural fabric made from cotton fibers. Cotton is distinguished by its hypoallergenicity, ability to pass air well and durability. The type of fabric called "shirt" has several features. The first is the composition. This cotton will consist of 100% cotton without the addition of viscose or lycra. The second is the ability to keep its shape well, which is achieved thanks to the composition and dense weaving of the fibers. Shirt cotton is used for making blouses and, as the name suggests, for making dress and casual shirts.

Crepe- a category of fabrics, mainly silk fabrics, whose threads are produced with significant (crepe) twist, and also in some variants with special (crepe) weaves. Crepe fabrics have characteristic properties: low creasing and excellent appearance, elasticity and wear resistance, as well as good drape. To highlight and emphasize all the splendor and grace of the crepe pattern, it is most often made plain-dyed. Due to the fact that crepe threads have increased rigidity, it has the disadvantage of increased fraying.

Lightweight but fairly dense fabric with a slightly rough surface. The prefix “crepe” indicates a special method of weaving threads - first they are twisted in different directions, and then intertwined using the traditional plain method. Due to this technology, a durable, but lightweight material. Crepe chiffon is used to make evening and summer dresses, skirts, and scarves. The fabric lends itself well to draping and is durable. Composition: 100% silk.

Corn- excellent moisture absorption is one of the main distinctive properties of the fabric. What’s interesting is that the corn dries instantly, one might say before our eyes. We also include the ability of the fabric to retain color for a long time, resistance to fading when exposed to sunlight and other external influences. It is worth highlighting its most basic advantage - it is hypoallergenic. The fabric is very pleasant and soft to the touch.

Linen is a fabric of natural origin obtained from a plant. Products made from this material have very good breathability characteristics, which is a big advantage in very hot weather, and they are also hypoallergenic and durable. Linen retains its integrity quite well, despite frequent wear and regular washing. It is worth noting that this material is sensitive to temperatures, so you need to wash these clothes at a low temperature. hot water so that the material does not shrink.

Madonna- a fabric that is characterized by maximum breathability and consists of synthetic materials - polyester and viscose. Sometimes spandex fibers are added to the composition - this fabric will be as elastic as possible. Madonna is good because stains from the surface are easily removed due to the fact that the fabric fibers undergo special treatment. They sew from this material evening dresses when you need to create models with heavy folds, as well as jackets and suits.

Fabric "Macaron", (also “macaroni”, “pasta”) is a fabric of plant origin, usually calico, 100% cotton. It got its name thanks to its simple design - fine lines on a light background. For a finished weaving pattern, a clear perpendicular weave of threads is necessary. The material comes out very pleasant and light. It is used for needlework, sewing children's clothing, bed linen, and home costumes.

Oil is a synthetic material based on polyester and viscose. The use of these materials allows clothes made from oil to be breathable, not wrinkle, and not lose their shape for a long time. It is noteworthy that wearing such clothes in the heat allows you not only not to experience discomfort, but also to feel a feeling of freshness and coolness, which makes this fabric extremely popular among manufacturers of summer clothing.

Practical and pleasant to the touch. It is often used to sew home textiles, bathrobes, pajamas and tracksuits. The composition is usually linen, cotton or bamboo. The surface of the terry is made up of loops of warp threads. The pile can be single- or double-sided. High-quality fabric perfectly absorbs moisture, does not deform and does not require ironing. There are canvases with a relief pattern and cut pile.

Memory– a fabric that restores its shape well, does not wrinkle and has a matte shine on its front side. The polymer fibers that make up memory are responsible for the ability of the fabric to remember and restore its shape. The material has the following properties: does not allow moisture to pass through, does not stretch, and repels dirt. They make jackets, raincoats, and coats from memory. The fabric is also suitable for making skirts and suits. In this case, about 30% satin or cotton is added to its composition.

Micro oil- very similar in composition to knitted fabric. The fabric consists of: polyester 90%, viscose 5%, lycra 5%. Incredibly thin, flowing material pleasant to the body.

Mohair- a thin, silky fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat. It is used for sewing dresses, suits, sweaters and even coats. Until 1820, this fabric was available only to the Turkish Sultan, but in the mid-20th century, Angora goats began to be exported from the country and sold as valuable material in European countries. Mohair is very light, retains heat well and has a soft shine.

Neoprene- This is a synthetic material that is made on the basis of foam rubber. IN modern world This material is used in a variety of areas, but it is most widespread in water sports, where it serves as the basis for athletes’ clothing. This is quite understandable, because this material does not allow moisture to pass through, and also allows you to retain the natural heat of the human body, regardless of temperature changes.

Nicole- a fabric that is practical and has bright colors. It consists of almost 70% polyester, which makes it wrinkle-resistant, retains its rich color and washes well. Contains elastane and viscose - the product will fit well to your figure. Sewn from nicole fabric summer sundresses, dresses, shorts in catchy yellow, turquoise, pink shades, as well as formal suits in classic gray and black.

- airy, light fabric, which, at the same time, is rigid. The material holds its shape well and can be either shiny or matte. It all depends on the composition of the fabric. “Shiny organza” is one that is made from polyester fibers that undergo additional processing. Matte fabric is made from viscose and silk threads. True, silk organza can rarely be found, since such material is very expensive. The fabric can be decorated with lurex or metallized threads. Organza is used to trim dresses, skirts and suits.

- a fabric that has complex production technology and consists of several elements. The first is a base made of polyester or oil, which is responsible for the practicality of the material. Thanks to polyester, the sequin stretches well. The second element is, in fact, sequins, sparkles that are sewn to the base. They are made from plasticex or thin metal plates. Sequins may have different shapes, color and differ in degree of gloss. As for the composition, sequin fabric is usually synthetic.

To make the lining, fabrics with synthetic fibers are most often used, as they are durable. Viscose is a fabric that is used as a lining in tracksuits. Atlas is considered the best option for lining coats and men's suits. Polyester is the most popular lining fabric used when sewing down jackets and jackets. Satin is an expensive fabric that is used as a lining for evening dresses, skirts and classic suits.

- fabric based on cotton. Most often, it consists of 80-90% cotton, and is supplemented with synthetic, less often silk threads. The main advantages of poplin: the fabric is highly breathable, soft to the touch, holds its shape well and does not require ironing. After several washes, poplin will not lose color or stretch. They sew dresses, shirts and jackets from this fabric - that is, practical products that should not lose their shape, but are certainly wear-resistant.

- a fabric that looks like elastic and belongs to the “knitted family”. The material is made by knitting, in which the front loops alternate with the wrong ones. Due to this, the resemblance to a small elastic band is achieved. Children's hats, home clothes, and underwear are made from ribana. Fabric composition: 100% cotton. There are also fabrics with the addition of viscose and polyester (no more than 5%).

Gozhka- a fabric that many associate with burlap. But matting is more elegant both in appearance and composition. Ideal material for sewing outerwear and for suits, dresses in the spirit of Audrey Hepburn and Coco Chanel. The fabric contains natural materials: wool, cotton, linen. 2-5% acrylic is also added to increase wear resistance. The matting holds its shape well and has a dense texture. Another feature is that the fabric does not wrinkle and does not require special care.

A non-woven material that has unique properties: retains its shape well, does not absorb moisture and has high thermal insulation characteristics. To make padding polyester, synthetic fibers or recycled materials are used. The fibers are held together by gluing or heat treatment. The density of padding polyester depends on the thickness of the layers used. The minimum density is 0.04 kg per m², and the maximum is 1.5 kg. This material is used as insulation for jackets, down jackets, and tracksuits.

Software– looking at the name, it becomes clear that this fabric is soft. Outwardly, it resembles velor, but the composition of the software is somewhat different. The fabric can consist of cotton, elastane and viscose fibers. 100% polyester is also available. The front side of the software has a relief structure and barely noticeable lint, while the back side is matte. Dresses with frills and skirts are sewn from this fabric - it lends itself well to draping, allowing you to create folds that perfectly hold their shape. The material can withstand washing at 40 degrees, the color will not fade in the sun, and you won’t have to iron soft clothes.

Light, weightless and delicate fabric that stretches well and retains its shape. Its composition is synthetic material. Stretch mesh is used to decorate wedding and evening dresses. IN Lately This material is also chosen for sewing tutu skirts, as well as shapewear. Due to the fact that the material has a low density, products made from it must be washed on a delicate cycle. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane.

- a fabric that is distinguished by its density and glossy surface. It is made by plain weave of threads, due to which the material is distinguished by its ability to repel moisture. The dense weaving of the threads opens up another ability of the fabric - it perfectly holds its shape and forms rigid folds. Taffeta is made from polyester, viscose, acetate and cotton. Less commonly, you can find silk threads in the composition. Evening dresses and skirts are made from this fabric, and taffeta is also used to decorate blouses and trousers.

Tweed– wool fabric with good density. It is made by twill weaving thick fibers. The fabric is distinguished by its textured surface, and the combination of threads of different colors and the method of weaving create a textured pattern with rough knots typical of tweed. Women started wearing tweed suits thanks to Coco Chanel. The famous skirt and jacket sets in pale pink, black and white were made from this natural wool fabric. Tweed has elasticity, strength, does not wrinkle, and the only drawback of the fabric is that it must be protected from moths.

tiar- the fabric from which suits are most often made, both trouser and with a skirt. The material is distinguished by a smooth, even surface with a barely noticeable diagonal scar. Most of the composition is polyester, thanks to which the tiara holds its shape well and does not wrinkle. Contains viscose and wool - these fibers add softness and make the products warm. The tiara will definitely contain elastane, which ensures the elasticity of the fabric. Most often, tiaras are used in black, brown, dark blue and gray costumes.

Thinsulate- is one of the best insulation materials for clothing today. Ultra-light material that does not absorb moisture, thanks to which it will warm you even in damp weather, and has amazing thermal insulation qualities. Thinsulate is one of the weightless insulation materials; it has the most best qualities bird's down, only after washing it will not crumple or bunch up like fluff - this is one of the most positive qualities this insulation. Thinsulate is very effective and can keep you warm even in cold weather - 60 degrees. Care - Thinsulate items can be washed either by hand or in a machine. If you have chosen automatic washing, it is recommended to select a gentle mode: revolutions less than 600 per minute, water temperature less than 40°C, gentle spin. Even with repeated washing, things do not lose their original appearance and shape, the fabric dries very quickly.

Three-thread- thickened knitted fabric, made on the basis of kulirka (kulirki are natural materials based on cotton), the outer side is smooth, and the inner side is thick pile, which is formed as a result of knitting interlining threads on the outer side. This fabric is resistant to pilling and stretching of the material, serves for a long time and does not change shape in any way. This natural fabric, it allows air to pass through, allowing the skin to breathe, and thanks to the brushing it retains heat, making the material ideal for cold weather. The three-thread fabric is pleasant to the body and sensations. Recommended care: wash at less than 35 degrees. Fabric composition: 100% cotton.

- knitted fabric, which has its own peculiarity - the front and back sides are different in appearance. The front is a smooth fabric, soft to the touch, but the back will be distinguished by the presence of fleece, which is formed by weaving the fibers of the footer (thick cotton fabric). The latter add thermal insulation properties to the material. Three-thread "Loop" is used for sewing sports suits. Fabric composition: 100% cotton.

Trick is a lightweight knitted fabric based on synthetic threads. It holds its shape perfectly, is elastic, has a smooth and shiny surface. This material absorbs moisture well and dries quickly. Stains can be easily washed off and there is no need to iron at all. As a rule, tricks are used for sewing tracksuits, tops, and leggings. There are plain and printed fabrics.

Soft, fleecy, pleasant to the touch fabric, which is popular among world designers due to its two qualities - the “ability” to retain heat well and durability. Natural angora is made from goat wool and has a silky shine. But angora knitwear refers to mixed fabrics, which include wool, viscose and polyester. The percentage of the latter, as a rule, is up to 55%. Cardigans are made from this fabric, warm dresses with sleeves, tracksuits.

Jersey jersey - as is already clear, this is a type of knitted fabric that is knitted using the single-row weaving method, and not woven like other fabrics. How can you tell if it's a jersey? You can take the raw edge of the fabric and stretch it across the width. It should be wrapped in a roll. The composition of the canvas may include wool threads, cotton, polyester and mixed fibers. The more elastane and synthetic fibers in the composition, the better the jersey stretches. The fabric is used to make both homewear, cardigans, dresses, sweatpants and T-shirts.

A fabric that, although it belongs to the “knitted family,” is made of synthetic fibers. It does not wrinkle, is durable, wear-resistant and has excellent elasticity. The front side of the fabric can have a shiny finish, while the back side will look like a traditional knitted fabric. Disco knitwear is used for sewing cocktail dresses, blouses, tight-fitting skirts and overalls. Fabric composition: 95% polyester and 5% elastane. Some manufacturers add cotton fibers to the composition.

A fabric that differs in the way the threads are woven. Here the transverse thread is reinforced, and the canvas itself is distinguished by the presence of small scars, due to which the material is externally similar to rep. The “ribbed” feel is velvety, soft fabric. This knitwear does not wrinkle, quickly regains its shape, has good breathability and thermal insulation. They make dresses, trousers, and skirts from rib knitwear that fit perfectly to the figure. Fabric composition: 95% cotton and 5% lycra or 40% cotton, 30% viscose, 30% polyester.

Flannel- a very soft and fleecy type of cotton-based fabric. Widely used for making home textiles. It has a twill or plain weave of threads, a uniform two- or one-sided pile. It has excellent absorbent and heat-saving properties. It is often used in the production of bathrobes and warm pajamas. There are printed, shirting, bleached, plain-dyed and robe flannel.

Fleece- This is a synthetic material made from polyester, as well as other materials of artificial origin. Fleece material can be used as a lining and also as an outer material. Products made from fleece are quite light and dense, which makes this material indispensable in the manufacture of sportswear.

Flock- dense fabric based on polyester and cotton. It can withstand heavy loads and is often used as upholstery for upholstered furniture. In the production of the material, finely cut fibers are used, which are applied to the adhesive base using a special tool - a flocker. It creates an electrostatic field that allows tiny particles to be firmly attached.

French knitwear- knitted fabric with excellent stretchability. Knitwear is widely used in sewing all types of clothing, turtlenecks, women's dresses, suits for women, jackets, sweaters, pullovers. The loose composition gives this fabric softness. French knitwear allows human skin to breathe, protecting it from hot and cold weather.

Cotton is a natural material obtained from a plant that is used in many types of other fabrics. Products made from cotton are very light and pleasant to the touch, breathable, which allows you to wear these clothes even in the hottest weather. Cotton is used in a wide variety of industries - from tailoring to furniture production. It is not recommended to wash cotton items at hot temperatures, otherwise they may shrink and lose their shape.

Cotton harvester- This is 100% natural fabric. Typically used for sewing bed linen and home textiles. Crinkled fabric is obtained by special twisting of threads and heat treatment. The result is an interesting relief pattern, the fabric itself is light, breathable, and pleasant to the touch. The advantage of harvester cotton is that it does not require ironing and maintains a neat appearance for a long time.

- a material that is distinguished by its ability to retain heat well. This is achieved by producing the material - synthetic fibers are twisted and combined using a thermal method. Cavities are formed inside the fibers, which retain heat. Hollow fiber is non-toxic, allows air to pass through well, does not absorb odors and does not shrink when washed. It is used as insulation for jackets, down jackets, sports and ski suits.

Silk is a fabric of natural origin obtained from cocoons that are woven by silkworms. The technology for its production is quite complex, which naturally affects the cost of the final material. However, its advantages brighten up this small drawback. The fabric is very breathable, absorbs and evaporates moisture, and also has a positive effect on the human skin itself - chemical composition silk allows the epidermis to regenerate faster. In addition, silk items are reliable protectors against various ticks and lice, as well as other harmful microorganisms.

Chiffon- this material was made using natural silk, but later they began to use synthetic materials. Products made from chiffon are unusually light and airy, but their strength leaves much to be desired. However, this material is quite widely used in many fashion houses as a material for clothing.

- this is a fabric that is a mixture of cotton and viscose in a ratio of 50 to 50 (there are fabrics with 60% cotton and 40% viscose). The material itself has a fairly dense structure, but this does not affect its weight - the fabric is quite light and airy. The stack is very pleasant to the touch, not for nothing that dressing gowns were made from this material in Soviet times. The fabric may be somewhat reminiscent of wool, but its structure is more delicate and elastic.

Eco-leather is a synthetic material made from polyurethane. From the name it is clear that it is a substitute for natural leather, but, unlike leatherette, it is practically in no way inferior to it. The discovery of this material made it possible not only to preserve a considerable number of animals, but also to take care of environment, because the production of natural leather is often associated with its contamination. As for the fabric itself, it is very reliable and similar genuine leather according to its characteristics.