How to organize the correct daily routine for a child under one year old. How to organize the correct daily routine for a child up to one year old Approximate daily routine for a child: Komarovsky

Complementary feeding according to Komarovsky last years has become a popular topic among future and established young mothers. Many parents listen to the advice of this doctor, even experienced mothers and fathers with several children. Evgeniy Komarovsky’s charisma and personal view of pediatrics as a pediatric specialist instills confidence in parents in his recommendations.

The appearance of new products in a baby’s diet is an exciting stage in the life of young parents and their baby. But the introduction of complementary foods according to Komarovsky may differ from the recommendations of the pediatrician observing the child. Which specialist to listen to is up to the parents to decide.

Most young mothers do not see a significant difference between the definitions of “complementary feeding” and “supplementary feeding”, but in fact these are two completely different words.

The concept of “supplementary feeding” is applicable when a child does not have enough milk, and its deficiency is compensated either in advance or with the milk of domestic animals (which is extremely undesirable). In this case, they say that the baby is mixed-fed.

Complementary feeding means that the child receives food products in addition to their normal diet - breast milk or formula. The purpose of complementary feeding is to adapt and accustom the baby’s body to “adult” food.

When to introduce?

The first year of a child's development is considered the most important in pediatrics, and nutrition at this stage is of great importance. According to Komarovsky’s introduction table, it is important to give the first complementary foods no earlier than the child turns 6 months old. In this case, it does not matter at all what basic nutrition the baby receives - mother's milk or adapted mixture.

Dr. Komarovsky believes that if a child’s development is within normal limits up to 6 months, then he does not need any additional foods other than breast milk and formula.

It is not advisable to introduce the first complementary foods later than this period. When entering in children's diet New food products provide the child with the nutrients necessary for the growth and development of his body. Also, when the first solid food is introduced too late, skills such as chewing and fine motor skills do not begin to develop.

Six-month-old babies use chewing to prepare their gums for the eruption of their first teeth, and while playing with food, the baby develops fine motor skills. In addition, a monotonous diet in babies older than 6 months can lead to growth retardation.

Timely introduction of complementary foods according to the Komarovsky table strengthens the child’s health and allows him to develop correctly in the psycho-emotional and physical direction.

Advantages and disadvantages of early complementary feeding

Young mothers often hear from others that they can start earlier than modern pediatrics recommends. The older the baby, the more often home-grown advice will be heard regarding complementary feeding with yolk, porridge and other products.

Nowadays, if a nursing mother eats properly and variedly, or the child receives a high-quality adapted formula as a breast milk substitute, then there is no need to offer complementary feeding until 6 months of age. There is also no benefit from introducing complementary foods too early; rather, it will harm the child.

For example, organisms may also arise. That is why the issue of introducing complementary foods should be considered in detail by parents. To get comprehensive information, they can study the table of complementary foods according to Komarovsky.

Introduction rules

Dr. Komarovsky advises adhering to the following recommendations when introducing complementary foods:

1. Any product must be offered carefully and gradually. To begin with, one teaspoon or sip of new food is enough, and then the child is fed with his usual food - milk or formula. If skin and mucous membranes, stool and sleep of the baby will remain unchanged, the amount of complementary foods can be increased.
2. If in doubt, for example, flaky spots appeared on the child’s cheeks, or he woke up more often at night and slept less well, it is advisable to wait a while with the new product and leave everything as is.
3. If painful manifestations, for example, an allergic reaction of the body, have become obvious, it is not recommended to introduce new food until the signs of trouble disappear.
4. You cannot introduce a new product during the period of illness, 3 days before and within 3 days after it.
5. If a child does not like a product or is reluctant to eat it, you should not insist.

What products should you start with?

Some people believe that the first complementary feeding begins with vegetables, others are sure that it is fruits, and still others insist that the baby should be fed porridge prepared with breast milk for the first time.

According to the rules for introducing complementary foods according to Komarovsky, it is better to start complementary feeding with kefir. The specialist explains this by the fact that from birth digestive system The child has managed to get used to dairy products, and kefir is their closest analogue.

In addition, kefir contains a lot of fermented milk bacteria, which strengthen immune system and reduce the likelihood of developing intestinal infections. Kefir qualitatively reduces the load on the infant’s still immature liver and has a positive effect on digestion processes in the body.

The Komarovsky complementary feeding scheme recommends introducing a new product in the morning, gradually replacing the child’s main feeding with it. For the first time, the baby is offered very little kefir for testing - no more than 2 teaspoons. If there are no negative reactions from the body, in the following days the dose of kefir can be safely increased until the child begins to eat 150 ml per whole feeding without supplementary feeding.

5-7 days after this, a second new product is introduced into the child’s diet - cottage cheese. Of course, it is introduced against the background of the relative health of the baby and his lack of side effects for new food. It is enough for a six-month-old baby to consume 30 grams of cottage cheese every day; from 9 months this figure increases to 50 grams. If in in kind The baby absolutely does not like cottage cheese; Dr. Komarovsky advises adding a small amount of sugar to it.

After the child gets used to kefir and cottage cheese, that is, fermented milk products will replace one morning feeding (usually this takes 10 days), the doctor advises introducing milk and cereal porridge (rice, oatmeal or buckwheat) into the child’s diet, replacing her evening feeding.

The complementary feeding scheme according to Komarovsky recommends the introduction of vegetables and fruits only by the 8th month of the baby’s life. In this case, you need to start with vegetable decoctions and only after them can you offer the baby vegetable puree or soup. After 2 weeks, you can add egg yolk and meat to the diet, according to Komarovsky’s complementary feeding table by month.

Administration scheme

The complementary feeding table according to Komarovsky is as follows:

New Product	6 months	7 months	8 months	9 months	10 months	11 months	12 months
Kefir, ml	5-30	50-70	90-100	100	100	100	100
Cottage cheese, gr	5-20	20-30	40-50	50	50	50	50
Baked apple, gr		5 - 30	40-50	50	50	70	70
Vegetable puree, gr			5-70	90-100	120-150	150	180-200
Juice, ml			5-10	15-20	20-30	40-50	60-70
Dairy porridge, gr			5-70	90-100	120-150	150	180-200
Yolk, pcs.			0,25	0,5	1	1	1
Meat puree, gr				5-30	40-50	60-70	70
Fish puree, gr					5-20	30	40
Grows. oil, ml		1	3	3	3	3	3

Cook it yourself or buy it?

A young mother must decide for herself whether to prepare complementary foods or purchase ready-made meals in specialized departments. It's impossible to say which is better, for sure. Both factory and home baby food there are advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of factory products:

• saving time for mom;
• the ability to take it with you on a trip or for a walk;
• comfortable consistency of the product;
• enrichment of food with additional vitamin and mineral complexes;
• multi-component product, which cannot always be achieved at home.

Disadvantages of factory-made baby food:

• large financial costs;
• The shelf life of an open jar of ready-made food does not exceed 24 hours in a refrigerator, which is extremely unprofitable at the very beginning of introducing complementary foods;
• You can store an opened package of porridge for no more than 2 weeks;
• the taste of vegetable purees is seriously inferior to homemade dishes.

The benefits of homemade food:

• financial savings;
• the taste is usually better than store-bought products;
• You can adjust the consistency and taste of the dish at your own discretion.

Cons of homemade meals:

• a lot of time is spent on purchasing and daily preparing dishes especially for the baby;
• inability to prepare the product outside the home.

When introducing complementary foods and new foods into a baby’s diet, you should always adhere to the rules recommended by the pediatrician observing the child and/or Dr. Komarovsky, so as not to expose children's health danger.

Any experiments with complementary foods, according to Komarovsky, should be postponed until the baby is 6-7 months old. The older the baby, the less risk food with unusual foods poses for him.

It should be remembered that the introduction of the first complementary foods according to the Komarovsky table does not mean that you need to give up breastfeeding. Of course, new foods are necessary for the development and growth of a baby who has already reached 6 months. But mother's milk is exactly the product that a child under one year old needs most. Usually, by the age of 1 year, the child finally switches to “basic” nutrition, but one breastfeeding should be left until at least 12 months.

Useful video about introducing complementary foods according to Komarovsky

I like!

The baby was born and from the first days surprises and pleases his parents. Mom and dad eagerly peer at the baby - what new things can he do now, what changes have taken place in him. Children in their first year of life change quite rapidly. Therefore, it is not surprising that parents are interested in whether the baby is developing in a timely manner, whether he is keeping up with his peers, and whether his development (physical and emotional) fits into generally accepted norms. Many books and articles have been written about this. The authoritative children's doctor Evgeniy Komarovsky talks a lot and in detail about the development of babies month by month.

Newborn

Your baby is considered a newborn from the moment he is born until he reaches the age of 28 weeks. Four calendar weeks - this is exactly the period nature has allocated for the formation of basic skills. During this period little man The sense organs with which he will study the world around him are being improved. For now, he sees only blurry spots of varying brightness; the newborn will learn to focus his vision later. Hearing at birth is somewhat reduced, but already on the 3-4th day the baby begins to hear the world in the same way as adults do. He distinguishes tastes well (bitter, sweet, sour), his sense of touch is quite developed, so tactile contact is a very important element of learning about the world in the first weeks independent life.

The daily routine of a newborn in the first month plays a big role for further development. How healthy and strong the little one will grow depends on how parents organize nutrition, bathing, walks and sleep. The baby just seems tiny and helpless. His skills are due to nature itself, and he can do not as much as his parents think. A newborn up to 1 month demonstrates reflexes that are unique to him; as he grows older, they disappear as unnecessary. Parents can easily assess basic reflexes on their own:

Grasping reflex. Bring your index finger close to your baby's palm, he will definitely grab it very tightly.

Hug reflex. Place the baby on a hard surface (for example, on a changing table), and sharply hit the surface of the table with your palm. The loud sound and vibration will cause the baby to make movements similar to the movements of an adult when hugging - first the baby will bend back and spread his arms wide, and then he will return them to the position chest.

Crawling reflex. From a lying position on his stomach, the baby will reflexively make movements that are used when crawling.

Step reflex. Take your baby under your arms and hold him upright. If you lightly rest his legs on a hard surface, he will push off with them and spring back. If you slightly tilt the child’s body forward, he will take several “steps” with his feet.

Height and weight

During the first month of life, the average child, be it a boy or a girl, gains an average of 450 to 700 grams in weight and 1.5-2 centimeters in height. These parameters are very individual, according to Komarovsky, and therefore you should not compare your child with others only according to these criteria.

In the first month, parents should pay special attention to developing the baby’s reflexes and establishing a clear daily routine. Care for a newborn should be based on the principles of creating optimal conditions for the development of its immunity (bathing in cool water using the Komarovsky method, walking, air temperature in the room no more than 20 degrees, indoor air humidity within 50-70%).

1 month

The neonatal period is over. The baby's muscle tone decreases somewhat, and movements of the arms and legs become less constrained, but more chaotic. Umbilical wound healed. The child still sleeps a lot - from 17 to 20 hours a day. At this age, the average child should be able to hold his head for a short time while lying on his stomach. His vision is improving, the little one can already fix his gaze on a stationary large and bright object for several seconds.

Developing emotional sphere- the baby already recognizes his mother, though not yet visually, but by smell, touch and voice. But he already knows how to enjoy her, arching his back and spreading his arms (hug reflex). The baby makes his first attempts to imitate sounds.

Height and weight

Girls (born weighing more than 3 kilograms) at 1 month weigh on average 4150-4400 grams, their height is 53-55 cm. Boys weigh 4400-4900 grams, their height ranges from 54-56 cm.

At this age, not only swimming in cool water is useful, but also swimming. Evgeny Komarovsky advises transferring the child to a large bath. If parents are afraid to let their one-month-old baby swim with little support, you can buy a special swimming ring. It comfortably fixes the neck and gives the child the opportunity to swim and make flips in the water.

2 months

Dramatic changes have occurred in the child’s appearance: he no longer resembles an alien creature, his face has acquired cute features, in general the baby has become much calmer, his movements are no longer so sharp and chaotic. The baby sleeps about 19 hours a day. Sleep becomes more sound. The baby can focus his gaze not only on stationary objects, but also on his mother moving around the apartment.

When placed on the tummy, the baby holds the head for about 15-20 seconds. If you put it on its side, it turns over on its back on its own. Many babies at 2 months begin to consciously smile from ear to ear at people they know well (mom, dad). The little one makes a funny noise, singing vowels. He learned to determine where the sound was coming from and turn the head in that direction.

Height and weight

On average, a two-month-old baby gains about 800 grams in weight and about 2 centimeters in height per month.

Monitor skill development closely at this age. If a two-month-old baby does not try to raise his head and hold it, does not respond to sounds, does not show a reaction in response to sweet words Moms, this is a reason to be examined by specialist doctors (pediatrician, neurologist, ENT).

To find out whether you should take your baby swimming in the pool, see Dr. Komarovsky’s program.

3 months

A three-month-old toddler is already a real handsome man, due to the growth of subcutaneous fat, his body becomes plumper, dimples appear on his cheeks (not for everyone). The baby has most likely already learned to roll over from his back to his tummy and lean on his forearms, lying on his stomach, he rises with his whole body, leaning on his arms. The child reaches out to objects that are interesting to him, and if he manages to grab them, he immediately puts them in his mouth.

He distinguishes all primary colors, he likes toys and pieces of fabric that feel different to the touch, as his tactile perception improves.

Height and weight

The average weight gain per month is about 800 grams, and the average height gain is 2.5-3 centimeters.

Educational games will already be perceived by the child as games, that is, the process of the game itself becomes interesting to him, and therefore it’s time to experiment with rattles, rattles and squeakers.

The baby is already in dire need of emotional communication, he actively hums, voiceless consonants are added to vowel sounds, he willingly smiles consciously, some even begin to laugh, the child listens to music with interest.

The baby sleeps about 15 hours a day, periods of wakefulness can already be about 2 hours, and this time must be used to the maximum - Give your baby a massage twice a day, walk with him at least twice a day, and conduct developmental activities.

Weight and height

In the fourth month of independent life, the baby should gain about 700 grams in weight and about 2.5 centimeters in height.

It is necessary to trim your baby's nails more often to avoid injury, because in four-month-old babies, nails and hair begin to grow at an unprecedented pace.

In addition, parents should more often encourage the individuality of the baby; according to Komarovsky, at this age he already perfectly distinguishes himself from his environment and begins to realize himself as an individual.

5 months

Emotional communication comes first. The child babbles, hums, and sings very expressively. Laughter and smile are already 100% conscious. Some children (though not all) can sit with their back supported by the end of the fifth month. Almost all children at this age master new interesting view leisure time - lying on their backs, they pull their legs up and without difficulty take their heels into their mouths.

The baby recognizes faces perfectly, already divides people into acquaintances and strangers, looks at himself in the mirror with pleasure, and shows strong conscious anxiety when his mother leaves the house for a while. Coordination of movements is already almost perfect - the baby, without taking his eyes off the object, can reach it with his hand, grab it and immediately put it in his mouth. Now the baby can play independently for 5-15 minutes.

Height and weight

A simple method will help you understand whether everything is in order with these indicators: the birth weight of the baby should be multiplied by 2. The result will be an average weight of five months. The increase in the fifth month is about 700 grams. The baby gains 3 centimeters in height.

There can be very good reasons for introducing the first complementary foods, such as a lack of breast milk, low weight gain (this should be diagnosed by a pediatrician, not a caring grandmother), frequent abdominal problems and excessive regurgitation.

6 months

Muscles develop at a rapid pace, so many children can sit without support by six months; some begin to make their first attempts to crawl. The child generally becomes incredibly active; he needs an eye and an eye. Saliva production increases, and many babies' first teeth (usually the lower incisors) emerge.

Coordination of movements is improving, now the baby is not just reaching for interesting toy and grabs it, but can quite easily pick up an object that has fallen from her hands. The little one is advancing by leaps and bounds in mental development, he is already perfectly constructing cause-and-effect relationships: if you shake a rattle, it will rattle, if you throw it, it will fall, if you scream, mom will come, if you scream loudly, mom will come running, and with her dad and grandma .

The child reacts to his own name, smiles in response, he listens attentively to the speech, and at familiar words he noticeably perks up, throwing up his arms and legs. The baby tries to combine different sounds into syllables. While there is no special meaning to them, he is simply trying to make new sound effects, and the process gives the child real pleasure. If a baby is spoon-fed, a six-month-old baby understands perfectly well that he needs to open his mouth wide during feeding.

Height and weight

During the sixth month, the baby on average gains more than 600 grams of weight and grows by 2 centimeters.

If a child has not sat down by six months, parents do not need to force him to sit down. In this case, Komarovsky calls for crawling to be encouraged in every possible way. There are children who learn to crawl earlier than sit, and there are no deviations in this.

For information about what you should consider when crawling a baby, see the program.

7 months

The baby changes every day. He no longer looks like a helpless creature, most babies at this age sit perfectly, many crawl, some try to stand up, holding on to support. It is interesting that the right hemisphere of the brain develops at a faster pace, and therefore the child will use his left hand more often, but this does not mean that he is left-handed. The baby's vision is developed to high level, he not only follows moving objects, but is also able to distinguish them at different distances.

The baby actively explores the world, and he does this through objects - he shakes them, turns them over, tastes them, throws them and moves them. The seven-month-old baby eats well from a spoon, is already mastering a mug, and holds a bottle of drink himself.

Weight and height

During the seventh month, the child’s height increases by 2 centimeters and weight increases by an average of 600 grams.

Special attention speech development should be addressed at this age. The baby is already able to not only put sounds into syllables, but also use certain syllables in specific situations.

While walking or playing, it is advisable to clearly name the child everything he sees and pronounce the names syllable by syllable. This way he can quickly call a spade a spade. Introduce complementary foods according to the schedule. A child of this age no longer needs night feeding.

8 months

From a lying position, the baby can sit down and lie back down. At this age, toddlers can generally roll over in a variety of directions. Some kids already know how to play “okay”, and almost all have learned to pick up small objects with their fingers (fine motor skills are developing). With particular delight, children at 8 months recognize themselves in the mirror and in photographs. They have already learned to take their socks off their feet.

Babies of this age begin to be afraid of loud noises, and therefore may cry if they turn on a vacuum cleaner or blender. The baby understands praise. He strives for socialization, reacting animatedly to other children, trying to establish contact with them.

Height and weight

The growth rate is slowing down somewhat. During the eighth month, the baby gains an average of 500 grams, and his height increases by 1.5 centimeters.

If an eight-month-old baby doesn’t have teeth yet, there’s no need to panic, everything has its time. At this age, in general, the gap in the development of different children increases. Some already know how to stand with support, others are just trying to sit down.

If the child is healthy and gaining weight well, Komarovsky advises not to compare his development with statistical norms, but to take into account his individuality.

9 months

The baby is already crawling confidently. And it doesn’t really matter which way he does it - on all fours or on his belly, both options are the norm. The baby can sit, and some are quite good at standing in the playpen, holding on to the sides. In the game, the little one already expresses his preferences - he chooses a certain toy, and not the one that comes to hand, tries to use two toys, knocking them against each other and looking for other uses for them.

So, friends, talking about food, talking about the first meal - in fact, complementary feeding - is a topic of concern to everyone. Probably, the pediatrician has several such topics - like “Treating diarrhea”, “Treating snot”, “Treating cough”, “Complementary feeding” - wake you up at night, we’ll tell you how to live with it.

I ask you to write down 10 simple rules:

Rule #1. When to start

The most important rule of complementary feeding is when to start? I used to say this: from 4 to 6 months, the baby does not need complementary feeding, the mother needs it.

Now I will say this: there is no complementary feeding until 6 months. You see, medical science does not stand still, and there is more and more evidence that these experiments are not necessary until the child reaches 6 months. Fine?

Rule #2. Independence of the type of feeding

It is very important to immediately forget that the feeding system has something to do with the timing of complementary feeding:

• We are artificial babies, we need complementary feeding from 3 months!
• We are on breastfeeding, we will actually start within a year. Until one year - only mother!

My friends, regardless of the type of feeding, the optimal time to start complementary feeding is 6 months.

Rule #3. We do not experiment with a sick child

Complementary foods and new foods in general are given when the child is healthy. If a child is sick, something is wrong - let's not experiment with the sick person.

We already know three rules - well done!

Rule #4. Calm environment

Again, why do you need these experiments, if you went to visit somewhere, are getting ready to go on a trip - tomorrow we are going somewhere, and today let's give something, and we will treat diarrhea all night! Therefore, if we are going to introduce any new foods, let's adapt to the circumstances and not experiment when it is inconvenient for any family member.

Rule #5. First complementary foods, then main food

What is very important? Complementary feeding is still given when the child is really hungry, that is, it is given before feeding him the main meal. It is clear that if you put him to your breast, then after he has eaten, it is already very difficult to conduct any experiments with new, unusual food. So once again important rule- first complementary foods, then main food.

Rule #6. If your child refuses new food

Another rule is that if he refuses, there is no need to be upset, but there is also no need to close this topic. Refuses - repeat after some time, offer, offer, offer.

What’s also very important is that if you really want him to eat it, but he doesn’t eat it, eat it yourself in his presence. This is very helpful.

Rule #7. Monocomponent nature of the new complementary food

One more rule: everything new is monocomponent. That is, if we decide to give porridge, then we don’t need to give porridge from 7 grains, and then guess which one didn’t suit us. Agreed? Well done.

Rule #8. Gradual transition to complementary feeding

If we replace one of the feedings with complementary foods, then we will begin experimenting with the other only after that. That is, there is no need to conduct experiments every feeding. Let's eat mom in the morning, the second feeding is complementary feeding, mom. And when we completely replace the second feeding, then we will conduct some more experiments on the third and fourth. This is desirable. Agreed? Well done!

Rule #9. Gradual menu expansion

There is also a rule that it is advisable to listen to - as a rule, new products that the child has never tried before (and there may be several such products at once) should not be given with an interval of less than 5 days. That is, you don’t need something new every day. Then, again, it will be difficult to figure out who is really to blame.

Note to moms!

Hello girls) I didn’t think that the problem of stretch marks would affect me too, and I’ll also write about it))) But there’s nowhere to go, so I’m writing here: How did I get rid of stretch marks after childbirth? I will be very glad if my method helps you too...

Rule #10. The period for complete feeding replacement is a week.

By and large, I must tell you that, as a rule, for a complete replacement of feeding - for example, we decided to give the child oatmeal - as a rule, optimal time It takes about a week to completely replace the mixture with oatmeal. It's clear? That is, we know that the child eats this milk formula. Today they gave 20 g, tomorrow 40, the day after tomorrow 80, etc. – a week to replace feeding.

The rules are over. Now these are very interesting things, because again, medical science does not stand still.

Complementary feeding and allergies

For example, in the USA it is very urgent problem associated, for example, with peanuts. They have a very common - you probably know - peanut butter. They have a huge number of children with peanut allergies. And all their lives they told mothers: “Never give peanuts to small children! This increases the likelihood of allergies!”

And suddenly, literally a lot of recent studies prove that, it turns out, if children from 6-8 months are given small quantities of peanuts, this sharply reduces the likelihood of allergies later when they are older.

That is, this is how everything changes. Another question is that if there are people with allergies in the house, if this topic is, in principle, relevant for the family, then it is better not to conduct such experiments.

Why am I saying all this? Very often, right now, your doctor can advise you on something that goes against what is written in many books. But science does not stand still and everything changes.

For example, fish. In many books they write that fish is better after a year: we start complementary feeding with meat, and then fish. And now, if a child receives fish soup or pieces of fish in broth, starting from 8 months, it turns out that there will be nothing wrong with it - please, good health!

And one last piece of advice for you.

Complementary feeding as knowledge of the world

You know, it turns out that almost the most luxurious thing about complementary feeding is the process of eating itself, when the child himself is using his hands and spoon. But in our country, complementary feeding often looks like this: they sit you down, wrap it up, put in a cone, 2 cones, and then a bottle.

Guys, try to do this already at 6 months - complementary feeding at 6 months, when he starts eating this cottage cheese - this, as you understand, has absolutely nothing to do with calories, with food. Yes, this is actually learning about the world, new ways of eating.

Therefore, they sat the little one down, put a plate in front of him, gave him something that looked like a spoon, and let him try to eat. Yes, he will be covered from head to toe in this spoonful of curd. He will still get dirty sooner or later, but, nevertheless, this is very healthy for his development, for his motor skills, for his intellect.

It's very cool when a child learns that he will eat himself. It's better than watching cartoons on TV together. I draw your attention to this. You want to give the child cottage cheese - you sit the child down, give him a plate, sit opposite him with exactly the same plate with cottage cheese, and eat this cottage cheese. He looks at you and repeats.

I really want your children to look at you, and not at cartoons on TV. Explain to dad that he is needed by personal example in the process of complementary feeding much more than all Masha and the bears combined.

WORLD OF A CHILD

Parents notice the emergence of new features in the behavior and character of the child. An affectionate baby who openly expresses his feelings suddenly begins to be wary of strangers. When a guest appears, he is no longer so willing to smile and express his joy. Even a grandmother who constantly visits her grandson risks rebuff when trying to pick him up. Fortunately, the baby's initial shyness quickly passes. For a child to overcome embarrassment, adults only need to talk to him or give him a toy, and they will become good friends again.
Why is this happening? Has the child really lost his gentle, kind disposition? No. Just the only people The people he is always ready to communicate with and trust are his parents. In the baby's mind, mom and dad are associated with a feeling of security and comfort, with food and pleasure, and he does not accept any substitute. The appearance of a new person may threaten him with separation from his parents.
As soon as the baby gets used to a stranger, he immediately becomes cheerful and behaves naturally. Six month old baby becomes aware of his “I” and the influence that he has on others. The baby loves to make faces and fool around, and if his grimaces evoke the approval of adults, he begins to do it with even more enthusiasm.

Motor skills

At the age of six months, many children are able to sit up independently, stretching their arms forward, and to maintain balance, resting them firmly on the floor. While sitting, they see the world completely differently. Take your baby with you to the store for shopping. Riding around the store in a cart, he will feel like he's in the center magical world, full of bright colors and all kinds of sounds.
Many six-month-old children are already quite capable of moving independently. Some crawl by lying on their stomachs and pushing off with their arms and legs. Others move using their knees. In addition, it happens that some babies, being quite developed, cannot move from their place. If you put a toy in front of such a child, he will try to get it. However, his attempts to move forward by pushing with all his might with his legs remain unsuccessful, and in the end he even moves back from the target. We often notice that a child who is able to sit for a long time and steadily does not like to move.
At this age, the baby is already good at reaching and grabbing objects. His movements are precise and confident. He takes the toy with one hand, transfers it to the other, then reaches out again with his free hand and grabs the next one. However, if you ask your child to pick up a third object when both of his hands are full, you will put him in a difficult position. He wants to grab new thing, but he doesn't realize that his hands are not free. Most likely, the baby will reach for the third toy and accidentally drop the second one. It will take some time until he understands that before he takes new toy, he must put the one he is holding somewhere.
Now the baby consciously strives to achieve the goal, in addition, he successfully picks up small objects from the floor. Apparently, this is facilitated by two circumstances: firstly, the child has become better at using his fingers and holding objects more tightly; secondly, the eye muscles become more developed, which allows the baby to perceive images from a distance. Now he will try his best to grab bread crumbs, a speck of dust or even a pattern on a sheet.
At this age, the child begins to understand difficult situations and make decisions. Let us turn to a classic example from psychology, when a six-month-old baby, seeing (according to the experimental conditions) that he might fall, refuses to crawl to his mother across the bridge. IN real life The child is likely to stop when approaching the edge of the bed or the top of the stairs. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that he will always behave carefully, so parents must constantly supervise him. So, at this age, the child develops spatial perception, which reflects the complex physiological processes occurring in his nervous system.
Often parents strive to teach six-month-old children to swim. The idea is that the movements of a swimming person resemble the movements of a crawling person, and if your child already knows how to crawl, then he can easily learn to swim. In fact, if the baby is taught caring parents or an experienced trainer, he can hold his breath and move through the water for a short distance. Very few children manage to lift their heads above the water to catch their breath, and almost none of them are able to swim purposefully from one place to another. Swimming is a great activity for adults and children. However, if a child is taught too zealously, he may become afraid of water, and this fear will be difficult to overcome.

Ability to see, hear, feel

Opens for the child new world sounds and images. Details that are invisible at first glance begin to attract his attention, and he always knows when you are happy or sad. The baby likes to play with several objects at the same time, especially with those that are pleasant to see and touch. Now his favorite toys are a ball made from pieces of fabric of different textures and colors, a soft rubber animal that makes a loud squeak, jingling cubes, keys, spoons, kitchen utensils, and bright clothespins.
So, the child sits freely, leaning on something, plays with toys and gets great pleasure from it. As a rule, the baby's attention is focused on only one object that he likes to play with. Taking a rattle in his hand, the child first examines it carefully. Two or three seconds later he begins to shake it vigorously, then switches it to his other hand, hits it hard with the rattle, holds it in his mouth for a while, shakes it again and finally drops it. After some time, the baby may pay attention to another object and do the same with it.
The child is attracted by the rustling of wrapping paper. He likes to crumple thin tissue paper or soft foil with his hands. Since during play the baby can drag it into his mouth, it is necessary to watch him especially carefully. Don't let him put pieces of newspaper or magazine into his mouth. Printing ink can harm your baby's health.
At this stage of development, the child begins to recognize familiar objects, even if they are covered with something. A rattle, partially covered with cloth, arouses the child's special interest. Apparently, he begins to understand that objects exist even if they are not completely visible. However, at this age, the child is unlikely to look for a toy if it is completely closed. This can be explained, firstly, by the fact that the child does not yet realize that the object lying nearby continues to exist, even when it is not visible or if it has rolled somewhere. Secondly, the baby does not know that things may not be visible if they are hidden inside another object, covered with something or obscured.

We understand our child

Despite the wary attitude of a six-month-old child towards strangers, he needs human communication. He loves to play with his brothers and sisters and is happy to have other children. If two six-month-old babies are nearby, they immediately notice each other's actions and begin to repeat them. As soon as one person laughs, the other immediately bursts into laughter. If one of them screams, the other immediately follows suit. It seems that each baby completely identifies with his play partner.
One of a child's favorite toys is a mirror. He can sit in front of it for a long time, talk to his reflection and even kiss it. If the mirror is silent in response, the child is able to hit it, as if trying to find out what is wrong.
As the world of sights and sounds becomes richer, the games the baby plays become more complex nature. He happily anticipates the moment when “the horned goat will come” and “gore” him, and he already laughs in advance, expecting the tickling. The baby is attracted to movements back and forth, and if dad hides behind the door and then looks out, it causes him a storm of delight. When an adult gets tired of constant movement, the child tries to change the rules of the game. If dad gets tired of shaking him on his lap and singing, the baby begins to bounce on his own in the hope of prolonging the pleasure.
The child's desire to force an adult to fulfill his desires suggests that he is aware of the difference between people and inanimate objects. It seems to him that people, and not things, are the reason for what happens around him. The baby “talks” to toys without demanding an answer from them. However, when he communicates with people, his babble sounds much more expressive and can mean a question, an answer, a remark or a command. If dad tries to let the child off his hands, but he doesn’t like it, commanding intonations appear in the baby’s voice.
A six-month-old child tries to imitate the pronunciation characteristic of the language spoken by adults. His babble becomes more audible, even if he doesn't realize it. The little Chinese will “walk”, imitating Chinese language, a Cuban - Spanish, an American - English, and a deaf child will speak less and less. The baby shows an increasing ability to imitate the behavior of others. Previously, this only applied to facial expressions and voice. Now we see that the child is trying to repeat gestures. However, for now he is limited to only those movements that he knows. To imitate the movements of someone's hands, the baby must see his own. He begins to clap his hands or hit the pan when he notices his parents doing this.

ACTIVITIES WITH A CHILD

Practical advice

Child exploring the house
If the baby begins to move independently, he will inevitably begin to travel around the house. Block the approaches to the stairs, close the bathroom door, cover power sockets, protect your baby from sharp corners, and lock the drawers in the closet. Don't allow accidents! All toxic substances detergents and medications must be securely hidden.
Sit on the floor with your child
At this age, children need a comfortable place to play. Let them sit on the floor for a while. This helps the baby learn to roll over and crawl. If your baby doesn't like to be alone, join him and play together.
Store children's toys in small boxes. The child begins to develop an interest in small things. Keep his favorite toys in a small box or basket and let him take them out himself. It is better to use several small boxes than one large box.
Call them by their proper names
For several months, you talked often with your baby. By imitating the sounds he made, you aroused his interest in the conversation and thereby developed his speech. Now that your baby is six months old, you can be more proactive in your dialogue. Come up with exercises that mention parts of his body - eyes, nose, arms, legs, and name them during the game.
Invite friends over
Invite a child to visit who could play with your child. After children look, touch, and examine each other carefully, they will be able to detect significant differences between toys and real people.

Game time

New discoveries
Ladushki
Play clap with your baby. Sing him a song: Okay, okay, Where have you been? By Grandma.
What did you eat? Porridge. What did you drink? Mash.
Conversation with a cup
Gather several cups together different sizes and put them in a cardboard box. As you bring each cup to your mouth in turn, repeat a familiar word (for example, the child's name). The baby will notice how different his name sounds. Continue the game and try to pronounce a variety of sounds. The more the baby listens to them, the sooner he will begin to repeat.
Balloon with water
Fill balloon a little water and tie a string to it. Show your baby how the shape of the ball changes when you squeeze and rock it, and have him do the same. He will soon discover that the ball bounces when thrown and wobbles when spun. Don't leave your child alone. Remember: if a child puts it in his mouth, the balloon may burst and be harmful.
Playing with sounds
Pour different amounts of water into plastic bottles. By hitting each of them with a spoon, you will hear different sounds. The child will also notice the difference and after a while will join the game.
Photos of mom and dad
Say the words “dad” and “mama” whenever possible. Pin photos of mom and dad to the wall above the crib or chair. Every time you hear your baby saying “mama” and “papa”, show him the photo and say: “This is mommy, and this is daddy.”
Development of coordination
"The birds have flown"
Slowly tell your child a story about birds. When you say “The birds have flown,” raise your child’s arms up and clap your hands. Soon he will learn to wait for this moment and will laugh in advance. Try not to rock or tug your child's arms too much, as they can easily be dislocated.
Place the child on your shoulders
Let dad put the baby on his shoulders and roll him around a little. In this way, the child will learn to better maintain balance, control his movements and see the world from his father’s height.
Rock your baby on your leg
Sit in a comfortable chair and rock your baby. Cross your legs and place your baby on your ankle. Take him by the arms or support him by the elbows. Shake your leg and sing the song, changing the tempo. Rock the baby accordingly: sometimes slowly, sometimes quickly.
If a child learns to crawl
Create a fun obstacle course in front of your child by placing several pillows in pillowcases made of different fabrics. Let the baby try to get over them.
Spinning ball
A great way to get your baby to crawl is to show him how a ball moves in a circle. Start rotating it slowly at some distance from the child. Draw the baby’s attention to the ball by saying: “Hurry up, come here and take the ball.”
Ball game
Place your child on the floor and start rolling the ball back and forth in front of him. At the same time, sing him a song.
Problem solving
Third toy
When your baby holds toys in both hands, invite him to take the third. First he will try to grab her, without letting go of the ones he is holding. However, after a while he will understand that before he can take another object, he needs to free his hands.
A toy half hidden under a blanket
Hide your child's favorite toy under a blanket or cover it with something else so that its edge is visible. The baby will grab the part of the toy that he sees and will pull on it. Eventually, he will learn to pull the blanket off the toy.
Drop the doll from the table
Try moving rag doll on the table and then let it fall. Do this several times and let your baby watch your actions.
After a while, he will learn to wait for the moment when the doll falls, and will look at the floor in advance.
Game with molds
Give your child a few brownie tins. Show how to hit them against each other and on the table.
Hide the radio
Hide the radio under the diaper and see if your baby can find it.
Balloon
Tie a balloon to a baby stroller. The baby will love pulling the string and watching the ball move. Do not leave your child alone - if the balloon suddenly bursts, the baby may put it in his mouth.
Give your baby a “game board”
Now is the perfect time to introduce your baby to a children's game board. Choose items that are easy to handle. Place the board in a place where your baby can play comfortably.
Wave goodbye
Every time you leave the room for a while, don’t forget to wave goodbye to your baby. This will prepare your child for your long absence.

Daily routine

Feeding time
When feeding, place your baby in a special high chair
By the age of six months, many children are able to sit in a high chair with a table or in a baby chair. By giving your baby small pieces of food in his hands, you help him develop finger movements. Start your workout with breakfast cereals or unsalted crackers.
Attach a suction cup toy to the children's table
There are many different toys, which can be attached to children's table. They will entertain the baby while waiting for his lunch to be served.
Help your child knock on the table
If your baby starts drumming on the table, follow his lead and see if it becomes a game. Repeat the words “hit, hit” so that a connection is established in the baby’s mind between words and actions.
Sweet jelly
Prepare delicious jelly by mixing juice with gelatin and place a few pieces on the table in front of your child. Your baby will love grabbing the sweet, slippery pieces and putting them in his mouth.
Straws
If you eat at a restaurant, take plastic straws and cup lids with holes and use them as toys. Place several lids on the straw, leaving empty space between them. Show your baby how to pull them off the straw.

Time relax
Entertaining pillow
Sew a pillow for your child with the image of a happy and sad face. Show him one side of the pillow first, then the other. This will help your baby distinguish human facial expressions. If he is interested in a new soft toy, let him play with her.
Large rag doll
Give your baby a large rag doll and let him play by moving his legs and arms up and down. In short phrases Explain to the baby what he is doing.

6 months is one of the first significant dates in the life of a baby and his parents. The baby begins to get acquainted with new food and improves its skills. What should the child's development be like during this period? What can he already do and what should he teach?

Physiology of a six-month-old child

The first thing the pediatrician does during a routine examination of a baby at six months is measure his weight and height, which he compares with the data indicated in the centile tables. With their help, the specialist can determine the rate of development of the baby. The tables indicate the average indicators of weight, height, head circumference, chest, as well as permissible deviations above or below the norm. For example, for boys aged 6 months, the average normal weight is considered 7.9 kg. But this does not mean that all children will weigh exactly this way. The acceptable weight range is from 6.6 kg to 9 kg. But if your son weighs less than 6.6 kg at the age of six months, or his weight exceeds 9 kg, the pediatrician will more closely monitor his physical development.

Boys' weight chart

Table of weight norms for girls

There is also a special formula by which a doctor can calculate weight standards: baby’s body weight at birth +800xN (number of months). It should be taken into account that the difference in weight gain may differ between children who are breastfed and those who are fed an adapted formula.

Equally important is height and head circumference. In the sixth month of life, the baby grows by 2–3 cm. Average values: 64–67 cm. Deviations of 3 cm in one direction or another are allowed. The normal head circumference is 42.1–44.6 cm for boys and 40.9–43.5 cm for girls.

At 6 months, the baby can change his sleep pattern. Now he spends more time in an active state, exploring the outside world. The break between daytime naps can be up to 3 hours. As a rule, at this age, sleep 3 times a day is still maintained. At night the baby sleeps for 10 hours with breaks for feeding.

All of the above data are statistical averages, since each baby is individual. The reference point for the norm should be his good health, vigor and activity.

Another nuance of six months of age is the period of active teething. For some babies this process begins a little earlier, for others it is delayed for 2–3 months. There are “uniques” that remain toothless for up to a year. But the average baby “gets” his first tooth by the age of six months.

Basic baby skills at 6 months

A six-month-old child is a person who can already do many things. He can:

• independently roll over onto your tummy and back;
• hold toys firmly with one hand while lying on your stomach (the second hand serves as a support hand);
• Holding an adult’s finger, pull yourself up to a sitting position from a lying position. Some children already sit confidently without support;
• push off with your feet from the surface while supported in a standing position. Some can already stand, holding onto support;
• crawl in a way that suits him. Not all babies go through the crawling stage. Some people “skip” it;
• play independently for up to 15 minutes;
• pick up toys from any surface;
• look for a hidden toy at the request of an adult.

The psycho-emotional development of a child at six months also has its own characteristics. The baby improves his speech by imitating different sounds. He masters “passive vocabulary” by demonstrating understanding of what an adult tells him. Recognizes parents by voice and knows how to keep distance from strangers. He understands the causal relationship: for example, he knows that if you press a button on a toy, music will start playing. At six months, the baby is actively interested in all subjects, so parents must create the safest possible conditions in the house.

What nuances should adults be wary of?

• the baby does not sit down even with support;
• cannot transfer objects from hand to hand;
• does not respond to sound;
• does not recognize mom and dad and does not try to babble.

For a six-month-old baby, close psycho-emotional contact with his parents is very important, which has a positive effect on his further development.

Caring for a 10 month old baby

At six months, the period begins for the child to become acquainted with adult food. Your pediatrician can advise you on where to start complementary feeding. According to WHO recommendations, vegetable purees are first included in the child’s diet. But for low birth weight babies, a specialist may recommend starting complementary feeding with cereals.

The energy costs of a six-month-old baby are no longer covered by one breast milk. But it is important that the child is ready to introduce adult food into the diet. After all, the principle of consuming puree is different than milk. The sucking reflex does not work here. Therefore, if the baby cannot cope with other food, chokes and spits out purees or porridge, you can wait a little with complementary feeding. An individual introduction to adult food is developed for children with allergies or gastrointestinal problems.

Video to help you understand how to properly introduce complementary foods

At six months, babies love to swim. They can have bathing procedures every day by taking water into an adult bath. It is better to swim an hour after eating. The optimal water temperature is +37 C.

After each diaper change, the baby's bottom is cleaned with wet wipes or by washing it under the tap. It is advisable not to forget about air baths: if possible, leave the baby without a diaper.

Walking for walks is important at this age. fresh air. You can choose a time for them both during the daytime sleep and when the baby is awake. IN summer period the child can spend the entire day in the fresh air. In winter, you need to walk twice a day for 1.5–2 hours. The only reasons for canceling a walk can be strong wind, rain and frost -10–15 degrees.

Educational games for a six-month-old baby

Six-month-old babies love to play with adults. Their field of interest includes boxes, balls, nesting dolls, soft cubes, and musical toys. Books with bright, large pictures are of interest.

What games can you come up with for your baby?

• nursery rhymes “Magpie Crow”, “Ladushki”;
• hide and seek (you can hide a toy under a diaper and ask the child to find it; children also love the game “where are you”);
• simple sorters consisting of large items;
• “Get a toy” - parents move away an interesting object and ask the baby to get it.

All toys and games aimed at stimulating development will be relevant at this age. fine motor skills hands

Video on the topic “Games with kids”

Don't forget about massages and physical therapy. Massages are best done before swimming. And for performing exercises and developing coordination, a special ball is well suited.

Gymnastics for children (video)

What Dr. Komarovsky says about the development of babies at 6 months

A well-known doctor, whose opinion is authoritative for many mothers and grandmothers, believes that the rate of development of a baby at 6 months is individual. Therefore, a child should not, for example, sit independently at six months. He will sit down when his spine is completely strengthened. And this can happen at 7 and 8 months. If the baby still falls over when trying to plant it, then this is an indicator of its unpreparedness. Development can be stimulated with the help of therapeutic exercises, massages, and crawling.

He also has his own opinion about complementary feeding: If a nursing mother can afford a complete and varied diet (i.e. vegetables, fruits, meat, bread, and fish), if parents are able to purchase high-quality food for their child an adapted milk formula, so if all these conditions are met, there is no need to feed anything until the baby reaches the age of six months.

E. Komarovsky

http://www.komarovskiy.net/knigi/dokorm-i-prikorm.html

Any new product is introduced with a microdose: at the tip of a spoon. If the child does not want to, there is no need to insist. The order in which foods are introduced into the diet is also determined individually.

Video on the topic “Doctor Komarovsky about complementary feeding”

At the age of six months, a baby is actively exploring the world. The parents' task is to help him do this safely and profitably.