Due date by month. How to calculate the due date using the last menstruation and other methods? What does "gestational" mean?

In this article:

The expected date of birth begins to interest a woman from the first day when she learned about her situation. Approximate day The birth of a child can be calculated in several ways, but none of them can boast of 100% accuracy. The pregnancy process can be influenced by many factors, and labor is often premature or late.

What determines the due date

Even healthy woman who is carrying a healthy baby, the date of birth may deviate from the approximately calculated period and depends on:

• depending on whether she gives birth in or;
• on the duration of the menstrual cycle;
• from heredity and others individual characteristics mothers;
• on the characteristics of the baby’s intrauterine development;
• depending on how many children are in the womb.

If a woman has chronic diseases, a violation of the intrauterine development of the child, acute illnesses or injuries during pregnancy, the due date may deviate significantly from the planned date.

Methods for determining the due date

The most common methods for determining the estimated due date are:

• by date of last menstruation;
• by time of ovulation;
• by date of conception;
• by ultrasound;
• by size of the uterus;
• at the first movement of the fetus.

Let's look at each in more detail.

By date of last menstruation

The date of birth based on menstruation is the most common method of determining.

It has been used by obstetricians and gynecologists for many decades because:

• not all pregnant women know the time of their last ovulation or the date of conception with regular sexual activity, but everyone remembers when they had their last period;
• this is a fairly accurate method.

To determine the day of birth, you need to remember the first day of your last menstruation, add 1 year to this date, then subtract 3 months, and then add 1 week. The calculated date will be the guideline for the expected birth. Another way to determine it is to add 9 months and 1 week to the first day of your last period.

By time of ovulation or expected conception

The method of calculating the date of birth based on the date of conception can be used during a planned pregnancy, when the woman specifically calculated the days of ovulation and knows them. It is during this period that conception occurs. 266 days are added to the first day of ovulation and the date of delivery is calculated using the calendar. This method is called embryonic.

By date of sexual intercourse

This method is convenient to use if you have irregular or infrequent sexual activity. In this case, the woman knows which day in her life was decisive. Everything is very simple - 266 days are added to this date. This method is closer to the embryonic one. Due dates calculated by these two methods may differ by only a few days because the date of intercourse and conception often do not coincide. Not everyone knows that some sperm can live in a woman’s body for up to 9 days, waiting in the wings.

By ultrasound

Using an ultrasound examination, a doctor can determine the approximate due date based on the estimated age of the fetus. This is most accurately determined in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the future, there may be an error from several days to 3 weeks.

By size of uterus

An ancient medical method was to roughly determine the duration of pregnancy and, accordingly, the expected birth based on the size of the uterus. Just as in the previous case, you can more accurately determine the time of birth using early stages pregnancy. Subsequently, the size of the uterus depends on many factors (size of the fetus, amount of water). In addition, this method is only suitable if there is 1 child in the uterus.

At the first movement of the fetus

Antique the folk way Guessing the due date is the movement of the baby. After the disappearance of menstruation, a woman could only suspect that she was pregnant, but when the fetus began to move, this was a 100% sign.

The woman added 20 weeks to this date and could quite accurately guess the due date with small errors. It should be borne in mind that multiparous women are already familiar with the feeling of fetal movement in the uterus and they, as a rule, feel it 1-2 weeks earlier than primiparous women.

Calculation efficiency

The exact day of birth cannot be determined, because the normal period for delivery is considered to be from 38 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Thus, as many as 28 days can be considered the “due date” date. However, during normal pregnancy different ways calculations approximately coincide and circle around the same date in the range of +/- 14 days.

Gynecologists officially still use calculations to determine the possible day of birth based on the last menstrual period, which is why this period is called obstetric. This method guesses the due date with an accuracy of +/- 5 days in approximately 20% of cases, and this is a fairly high percentage. The exact coincidence of the date of birth and obstetric term is about 5%.

How do features of the menstrual cycle affect the date of birth?

Regardless of the duration of the menstrual cycle, the obstetrician-gynecologist uses a formula for calculating the due date based on the date of the last menstrual period. Accordingly, women with a short cycle and a long one will have the same due date. However, their ovulation date is different, so both conception and due date will be different.

With a short menstrual cycle (24 days) Ovulation occurs on the tenth day. Fertilization occurs on the days of ovulation. Therefore, the actual term in women with a short cycle will be expected a week earlier. The date of birth is calculated using the following formula: the date of the first day of the last menstrual period plus 1 year and minus 3 months.

With a long cycle (35 days) Ovulation occurs on the twenty-first day. The birth will be a week later than the gynecologist calculated. A woman can calculate the date this way: the date of the first day of her last period plus 1 year, minus 3 months and plus 14 days.

The date of birth for an irregular menstrual cycle with large jumps should be calculated using the classic formula.

When you can’t use the obstetric calculation method

The obstetric method of determining the date of birth based on the last menstrual period is the most common.

But it is not possible to use it in the following cases:

• when pregnancy occurs immediately after a previous birth, and menstruation has not yet occurred;
• with severe menstrual irregularities, when the interval between menstruation can be more than several months, as happens with menopause or various female diseases, for example, polycystic ovary syndrome or hormonal disorders.

What may be deviations from the deadlines?

Gestation of a child lasts 9 calendar months, or 10 lunar months(28 days each), or 280 days.

Childbirth is classified into urgent, premature and late:

• Childbirth at 38-42 weeks is normal. Statistically, 70% of mothers give birth between 39 and 41 weeks. Primiparas often give birth 1 week later than the normal due date. But with repeated births, on the contrary, women more often give birth before 39 weeks.
• Childbirth after 42 weeks is late. The baby is considered post-term. There are about 9% of such births.
• Childbirth before 38 weeks is premature. The viability of the baby depends on the gestational age at delivery. The closer this period is to normal, the better.

Everything is individual, and with premature birth a completely healthy and mature baby may be born, most often this happens at a period exceeding 35 weeks. If the baby is underweight - less than 2500 grams, he will be considered premature.

The second degree of prematurity is established when the due date is from 32 to 35 weeks and the baby weighs less than 2000 grams. However, he also has a very high chance of “ripening” and gaining weight after birth without the use of life support.

In case of premature birth from 28 to 31 weeks, the child will be with grade 3 prematurity and low body weight (from 1000 to 1500 g). Such children are successfully cared for in perinatal centers.

When a baby is born at 22-28 weeks, he will have the 4th degree of prematurity. The baby has extremely low body weight and undeveloped lungs. There is no surfactant substance, which ensures the child’s free breathing.

Previously, a fruit weighing 700 grams or more was considered viable, now – with a weight of 500 grams or more. Such children are cared for in intensive care units using special plastic transparent boxes - incubators, which provide the necessary temperature, humidity and sterility. environment. The baby is connected to a ventilator, feeding is carried out intravenously or through a tube, and the necessary drug therapy is provided.

A baby born before 22 weeks will not be viable due to pronounced immaturity. Medicine is currently unable to deliver such babies.

Causes of premature birth

For the total share of all premature birth accounts for about 10% of cases. The cause may be maternal or fetal pathology, or a combination of various factors.

The most common of them:

• Social - smoking, alcohol abuse, drug taking, stress, extreme exercise stress, malnutrition and hypovitaminosis.
• Pathology of the uterus - consequences of abortion, other operations on the uterus, hypoplasia, endometritis, endometriosis.
• Pathology of ongoing pregnancy - placental abruption, oligohydramnios, premature rupture of amniotic fluid, inflammation of the membranes, multiple pregnancy, .
• Mother's diseases - diabetes, hypertension, rheumatism, bronchial asthma, severe anemia, mental disorders, etc.
• Multiple anomalies of child development that are incompatible with life; currently, the latter is rarely the cause of premature birth, since women try to terminate pregnancy in the early stages for medical reasons.

If such risk factors are present, a woman should be especially careful, as she has a high risk of birth premature baby. She may have to spend some time in conservation.

Determining your expected due date is an important task. But in any case, the calculated period is approximate. It depends on many reasons. Therefore, when long term During pregnancy, a woman should listen to herself and expect childbirth, starting from the 37th week of pregnancy, or even earlier.

Useful video about calculating the due date

It is useful for a woman planning to become a mother to learn how to calculate the approximate date of birth based on the known date of her last menstruation. These calculations, of course, will not be absolutely accurate, but knowing even the estimated moment of birth will allow you to calmly prepare for the upcoming process.

Calmness and poise are very valuable qualities for a pregnant woman; they should be armed and guided from the first to the last gestational week. The following material is about how the date of birth is calculated based on the last menstruation.

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Classmates

Based on the average duration of pregnancy (40 weeks), it is not difficult to calculate the date of birth based on the last menstrual period. To do this, count 40 weeks ahead according to the calendar from the start date of menstruation.

In world obstetric practice it is used quick way calculating the duration of pregnancy and, accordingly, childbirth from this starting point - the date of the last menstruation. The timing of pregnancy determined by this method is called obstetric. They cannot be considered accurate, if only because no one can predict how many weeks the pregnancy will last - 36 or 42.

Obstetric calendar

The starting point in the calculation formula is the first day of the last menstruation:

• from the 1st day of the last menstruation, you need to count back 3 months according to the calendar;
• add 7 days to the resulting date.

1. My last period started on May 6th.
2. We count from May 6 3 months ago - we get February 6.
3. We add 7 days to February 6 and we get February 13.
4. The estimated date of birth, as calculated by menstruation, is February 13th.

This the simplest way The calculation is called Naegele's formula, and its reliability correlates with the length of the menstrual cycle. If the cycle is too long or irregular, errors in calculations are inevitable.

What affects the due date?

The opinion of Western experts regarding myths regarding the influence of certain factors on the date of birth is interesting. They conducted a study in which they tested urine daily to measure hormone levels. Thanks to daily monitoring, the dates of fertilization of the subjects were accurately determined and the duration of gestation was calculated with maximum accuracy. As a result (after delivery), it turned out that the timing in some cases differed from that calculated for as much as 5 weeks, although the pregnant women were in the same conditions.

The most well-known factors influencing the duration of gestation and date of birth:

• duration of monthly cycles - it is believed that the longer they are, the later the birth will occur;
• hereditary predisposition - in families where women carry children, this feature is passed on from generation to generation;
• dynamics of intrauterine development - if the fetus develops “according to plan”, gains weight and height on time, the date of birth may coincide with the calculation based on the last menstruation.

Experts have criticized the myth about the influence of spicy food on the due date - if it is calculated by the date of menstruation, and labor does not occur, there is no need to “accelerate” it by eating spicy seasonings, as about 20% of pregnant American women do. In this way they try to increase peristalsis (wave-like contraction of the walls of the stomach or intestines) and provoke uterine contractions, but this method is not scientifically substantiated.

The statement that the first birth is usually post-term is also incorrect. Medical research data suggests that the first birth often occurs earlier than the date that the LCD was able to determine from the last menstruation.

The order of births does not affect their timeliness.

Is it possible to determine accurately and what is the error?

Despite the fact that the Naegele formula is considered an approximate way to find out the date of birth based on the last menstruation, a considerable number of women on forums claim that their children were born almost exactly at the time calculated by the doctor +/- 1-2 days. In this case, can this method of calculation be considered accurate if statistics indicate only 5% of matches between the date of birth and the one that could be calculated using the date of the last menstruation?

Most doctors generally propose to cancel the indication of the exact date of delivery in order to save future parents from completely unnecessary worries about the “wrongness” of the onset of true labor. This, according to experts, gives nothing but an extra reason for a stressful situation for the expectant mother and her relatives.

As studies have shown, under the same gestation conditions, the time of onset of labor in different women may differ by 5 or even 6 weeks, that is, by 1.5 months.

How to calculate the due date in other ways?

If in doubt about the date of the last menstruation, the due date can be calculated using such methods as ultrasound examination, calculation based on gynecological examination, the appearance of the first fetal movements, and others. None of the listed methods guarantees the accuracy of the calculations.

How to find out by ultrasound?

When a woman is in the early stages of pregnancy (11-12 weeks), the doctor determines the PDR based on fetal parameters:

• the size of the fertilized egg and embryo is visualized already at 4-5 weeks;
• coccygeal-parietal size (KTR) - the length of the fetus from the head to the coccyx;
• the size of the baby’s limbs, head and tummy, which develop approximately the same in all children up to 12 weeks.

Based on these parameters, the gestational age is determined, and based on this, the due date can be calculated, taking into account the approximate date of conception (usually 7-14 days from the first day of the last menstruation).

Calculation based on inspection

Examinations when registering a woman after a missed period also make it possible to calculate the date of birth. In this case, parameters such as (the most reliable) and the size of the uterus, determined during a gynecological examination, are taken into account. This is one of the oldest ways to determine the duration of pregnancy in the earliest stages (and, accordingly, childbirth).

By 5 weeks, the uterus softens, becomes rounded and slightly increases in size. This is exactly how it is felt during a two-handed examination, when an obstetrician-gynecologist examines the condition of the cervix through the vagina with one hand, and palpates the abdomen with the other, trying to detect an enlarged and rounded uterus.

After the 12th week, the method of determining the period by examination is not used, since changes in the uterus vary depending on several reasons:

• the structure of the pelvis of the expectant mother;
• the amount of amniotic fluid in the fertilized egg (, and normal);
• fruit size.

When receiving examination data that differs from calculations based on ultrasound or the date of the last regulations, preference when recording in the pregnant woman’s chart is given to the latter.

Manual examination of a pregnant woman

How to count from the first movement?

Today it is not recommended to calculate the maximum fetal life span based on the appearance of fetal movements. Previously, the calculation was simple: 20 weeks were added to the date when the child first moved and the expected date of birth was obtained. Long-term observations have shown the complete inconsistency of this method, since the onset of fetal movements varies markedly among different women:

• some expectant mothers begin to “hear” the baby at 15-16 weeks;
• in others, movements begin after 20 weeks;
• working mothers, who are in constant movement and bustle, may not notice and miss the beginning of the first push;
• future mothers in labor, sitting at home and listening to every sound inside themselves, can mistake intestinal peristalsis for movements.

Even mothers who have given birth repeatedly are not immune from imaginary sensations, so it is not advisable to calculate the date of birth based on movements.

If the date of conception is known, and this cannot always be determined with high accuracy, calculating the date of birth is as simple as using the date of menstruation. To do this, you just need to count 40 weeks forward or 3 months ago according to the calendar from the day of conception. But this calculation cannot be called absolutely accurate, since the actual duration of pregnancy is impossible to predict.

Child development calendar

While waiting for the birth, it is interesting to follow how the baby develops, how he prepares for birth, according to the fetal development calendar. The calendar is compiled based on long-term observations of intrauterine development with help various means diagnostics

Term	Fetal condition
1st trimester	By the age of 2 weeks, the fetus has the size of a grain of sand (0.35-1.00 mm), but already receives biochemical support, respiration and nutrition from the so-called extraembryonic organs - amnion, chorion and yolk sac. At 3 weeks, the heart, central nervous system, rudiments of bones and muscles, ears and eyes are formed, the growth of the embryo is 1.5 mm. 4-8 weeks are the most important and vulnerable period, subject to harmful influences. Actively being formed nervous system and other organs, the heart begins to beat. The weight of the embryo reaches 3 g, the parietal-sacral size is 14-20 mm. At 8 weeks, the development period is called fetal, and the embryo becomes a fetus. His skin is still transparent, with blood vessels visible underneath. The formation of the external genitalia begins and the tail disappears. At 10 weeks, the fetus already looks like a miniature copy of a human, albeit with a disproportionately large head and small limbs. Over the last 3 weeks, growth has almost doubled - to 60 mm according to CTE, weight - 8-14 g.
2nd trimester	The baby’s facial features quickly take shape, “germinal fluff” (the basis of future fingerprints), fluff appears on the brow ridges and on the head. The first taste sensations appear - the fruit reacts to bitter, sour and sweet substances dissolved in amniotic fluid, swallowing movements. He can yawn, suck his thumb and even tumble, but his mother doesn’t feel it yet. When the obstetrician palpates the mother's belly, the fetus reacts - frowns and turns its head. By the 16th week, the fetus acquires the following parameters: CTE - 108-116 mm, weight - 80-110 g. By the 20th week, the baby's movements become more active and noticeable by the mother. He gains 10 g per day in weight and grows in length. At 22 weeks, it weighs 530-600 g, body height is 21 cm, stores adipose tissue under the skin, becoming plump and less nimble than before.
3rd trimester	At 28 weeks, the fetus reacts to external sounds (music, mother’s voice, etc.). “Trains” his lungs by swallowing amniotic fluid and making “breathing movements” chest. His total height (from head to heels) is 38 cm, weight is 1.3 - 1.4 kg. By 30 weeks, wrinkles disappear from the baby’s face, there is already a decent amount of “hair” on the head, which becomes proportional to the body, weight reaches 1.8 kg, and total height is 42 cm. At 31 weeks, the baby’s immune system intensively develops and subcutaneous fat increases. Surfactant appears in the lungs - a substance that prevents baby's lungs stick together after birth and ensure their functioning. The baby’s weight is approaching 2 kg, and his full height is up to 43 cm. 34 weeks – growth by leaps and bounds. Most babies by this time turn over in the uterus head down. Weight is approaching 2.75 kg, height – 46 cm. At 36 weeks, the pregnancy status is defined as full term, and delivery is expected any day now. The baby's skin is cleared of vellus hair, the hair on the head has grown to 1-2 cm, the nails have grown higher than the fingertips. Meconium, a black-green substance that is the original feces, accumulates in the baby’s intestines. After birth, it will immediately leave the child’s body. In boys, the testicles have already descended into the scrotum; this will need to be checked immediately after the baby is born. The child's weight reaches 3.1 kg, height is close to 50 cm.

The baby development calendar shows that calculating the date of birth using menstruation can be very conditional - by the 36th week the baby is ready for birth, but may remain in the womb for several more weeks. The reasons for the baby’s continued stay in the womb remain a mystery to medicine.

Conclusion

1. Calculating the date of birth based on the dates of the last menstruation is convenient and easy - you need to subtract from the last 3 months and add 7 days.
2. For many women, the dates calculated by the obstetrician coincide with the actual dates of birth.
3. The starting point for the calculation is the first day of the last menstruation, so it is advisable to remember or write down the timing of their appearance.

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The question of how to determine the due date often causes discussion and controversy among pregnant women. The difference between your own calculations, the deadlines that are set during an ultrasound examination and those that the doctor writes on your card is completely confusing. Specifically, in order to make life at least a little easier for pregnant women, we have developed a program that independently calculates the approximate date of birth. Now you don’t have to visit a doctor or bother yourself with mathematical calculations; in order to calculate the date of birth of your baby, you just need to enter the number when your last menstruation began in the required column of the calculator.

Naegele's formula is a two-step problem.

The program that allows you to calculate the date of birth is based on the Naegele formula, named after the German obstetrician who first proposed using this simple method of calculation. It is known that pregnancy lasts on average 40 weeks from the beginning of the last menstruation or 38 from the moment of conception. Nägele simplified the calculations by reducing them to a few simple arithmetic operations - remember the date of the onset of menstruation preceding pregnancy and subtract 3 months. You need to add 7 days to the resulting figure - this number is the very date of birth.

The question often arises: why should the date of birth be calculated based on the date of the last menstruation? This tradition, generally accepted in obstetrics, is justified, because not all women know exactly the day of ovulation, while the majority keep a menstrual calendar. It is also natural to be bewildered - after all, in the first, so-called “weeks of pregnancy,” conception has not even occurred yet. Yes, this is true, and this period refers to the period of pregnancy conditionally, for the convenience of obstetricians and gynecologists, according to standards. The fetus begins to exist when about 14 days of pregnancy are already behind. If the date when fertilization occurred is reliably known, you can calculate the date of birth yourself by adding 266 days or entrust this to our calculator.

Is deviation from the estimated date normal?

It is worth noting that the expected due date is nothing more than a guideline for you. In fact, about 17% of women give birth on day X, the remaining 83% a little earlier or later. No specialist can predict the onset of labor. Moreover, normal, term births, that is, births that occurred within physiological periods, are considered to be those that occurred from 38 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Unpredictable miscarriage or miscarriage of pregnancy often occurs. Deviations in fetal development can provoke the onset of premature labor, pathological processes in the maternal body, stressful situations, hereditary factors and many other reasons. Therefore, it is very important to understand that calculating the due date is a very conditional concept, regardless of the method used.

However, there is a certain pattern, taking into account which we can assume the development of the situation when healthy pregnancy- the longer the monthly cycle, the longer the pregnancy lasts. Before you determine your due date, taking into account your individual characteristics, remember the duration of your menstrual cycle - from the first day of some periods to the first day of others. If the cycle is longer than the standard 28 days, the pregnancy will probably last more than 40 weeks, and vice versa. Keep in mind that we are talking about postponing the estimated date of birth by no more than 5 days.

The calculator will help you calculate the date of birth based on your period as accurately as possible, but you should remember that the data obtained from medical examination, are of decisive importance as they are more reliable. The reason for this approach is that menstruation can easily be confused with bleeding that began after conception and stopped spontaneously. Also, during an examination in the third trimester or an ultrasound of the uterus, the doctor can observe the degree of maturity of the placenta, the position of the fetal head in relation to the entrance to the pelvis, the opening of the cervix, signs of full-term fetus and many other important data. Based on all these parameters, one can judge the readiness of the fetus and uterus for labor and the likelihood of its imminent onset. In addition, focusing on the size and proportions of the fetus when ultrasound examination, the doctor sets the age of the fetus in accordance with.

How to find out your due date? About the method for calculating the due date

For calculating the expected date of birth Obstetricians and gynecologists have a very convenient and simple formula: add 9 months and 7 days to the date of the first day of the last menstruation. Or you can calculate even simpler - count back 3 months from the first day of your last menstruation and add 7 to the resulting number.

Estimated date of birth = date of the first day of the last menstrual period + 9 months + 7 days.

Estimated date of birth = date of the first day of the last menstruation – 3 months + 7 days.

But these periods are typical for the average woman with an average 28-day menstrual cycle and ovulation on the 14th–15th day of the cycle.

The average pregnancy lasts 266 days (38 weeks) from the date of conception, or 280 days (40 weeks) if counted from the first day of the last menstrual period. If menstrual cycle expectant mother shorter or longer than the average 28 days, or ovulation did not occur on the 14th–15th day of the cycle, then the pregnancy can also be longer or shorter. Therefore, it is generally accepted that 280 days is the approximate number of days of pregnancy and the baby can be born between the 266th and 294th day (38–42nd week) of pregnancy.

Calculation of due date based on the day of conception is not an accurate method for determining due date. Even if you know exactly the day on which sexual intercourse occurred, this does not mean that it was on this day that conception occurred, since sperm can remain active in the vagina for up to several days.

How else can you determine the gestational age and calculate the due date?

Determining gestational age using ultrasound

In the early stages, up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, the date of birth can be calculated quite accurately using ultrasound. Over long periods of time this is often difficult due to the fact that each child grows at his own pace. Namely, such indicators as the sizes of different parts of the fetal body are the basis for calculating the gestational age.

Determining the gestational age during a gynecological examination

During pregnancy, the uterus begins to gradually increase in size and acquires a spherical shape. During a gynecological examination before 12 weeks, the doctor can determine the approximate gestational age based on the size of the uterus. At periods of more than 16 weeks, when the uterus extends beyond the womb, the period can be determined by the height of the uterine fundus during examination of the abdomen. Naturally, this method of determining gestational age is not accurate.

Determining the gestational age by the baby's first movement

Another auxiliary method for determining the gestational age and calculating the due date is by movement. Despite the fact that the child begins to make movements quite early, the mother can only feel them when the baby reaches a certain weight. This usually happens in primiparous women at 18-20 weeks of pregnancy, and in multiparous women 2 weeks earlier. However, some women claim that they feel movements as early as 14 weeks and sometimes earlier.

Using all of the above methods, you can more or less accurately determine the gestational age, but the due date will still be approximate. This means that the probability of giving birth on your due date +/- 3 days is about 70%. Do not forget that the date of birth is also influenced by the child’s readiness for extrauterine life. Some children can reach so-called morpho-functional maturity at the 38th week, while others at the 41st.

Analyzes and examinations

Registration at the antenatal clinic. First appointment with a gynecologist

at 5-8 weeks of pregnancy

The doctor will conduct an examination, confirm the fact of pregnancy and draw up your individual plan examinations. During the examination on the chair, the doctor will clarify not only the fact of pregnancy, but also the condition of the uterine appendages, and will also take all the necessary smears for infections and the epithelium from the cervix for oncocytology (examination for the presence of cells that can cause cancer). The gynecologist will collect data about your health, ask about your relatives’ diseases, and clarify the features of your lifestyle. The doctor will give you a considerable stack of papers - directions for subsequent tests.

Blood test for hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

at 5-8 weeks of pregnancy

By hCG level The presence of pregnancy is determined and the stability of its development is assessed. If necessary, the doctor can prescribe this test again to clarify the dynamics of the growth of this hormone, which can be used to judge how correctly the pregnancy is developing at this stage.

First ultrasound

at 5-8 weeks of pregnancy

The study will make it possible to clarify the gestational age and see if everything is okay with fertilized egg, and sometimes even see the heartbeat of the embryo.

Colposcopy

at 5-8 weeks of pregnancy

Special examination of the cervix using a microscope.

Primary laboratory diagnosis

at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy

General urine analysis will help evaluate kidney function and Bladder(urinary system).
Vaginal flora smear will show the presence of possible inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, hidden and obvious infections.
Examination for urogenital infection. The infection is sexually transmitted and is fraught with serious consequences for the health of the expectant mother and fetus.
General blood analysis which you take in the morning on an empty stomach will help assess the condition of your body. It reflects the blood’s ability to carry oxygen, the presence or absence of an inflammatory reaction, and the body’s ability to stop bleeding. This analysis is basic; deviations in it are the basis and starting point for a more detailed examination.
Blood for AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B and C– this is the identification of antibodies to serious infections, each of which has a significant impact on the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. If an active process is detected, the question may even arise about the advisability of continuing the pregnancy.
Determination of Rh factor and blood group needs to be done once, at the very beginning of pregnancy. If you are diagnosed with a negative Rh factor, you need the future dad to also undergo a similar test. At positive rhesus The father of the child will need to monitor Rh antibodies in the pregnant woman’s blood throughout the pregnancy, as they can greatly harm the child. Today, technology even makes it possible to determine the Rh factor of the fetus by its DNA in the mother’s blood long before birth.
Blood test for TORCH infections will indicate to the doctor the presence or absence of toxoplasma, mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus and herpes virus in your body. If necessary, the doctor will select the necessary treatment.
Coagulogram will help determine the main parameters of the blood coagulation system, identify the tendency to bleeding and thrombosis.
Determination of blood glucose levels will show the gynecologist how efficiently your pancreas works and whether glucose tolerance is impaired in the pregnant woman’s body.
Feces for worm eggs.
Blood test for hormones(TSH, T4, AT to TPO, AT (antibodies) to TG) - in order to find out the state of your thyroid gland. You may need additional drug support.
Biochemical analysis blood will help determine the condition internal organs– kidneys, liver, pancreas.
Blood test for antiphospholipid antibodies- for accurate diagnosis of diseases immune system. Prescribed if there is a history of pregnancy loss.

Visiting doctors

at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy

It is necessary to visit a therapist, dentist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, surgeon, cardiologist, endocrinologist.

Electrocardiogram

at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy

It will allow you to clarify the absence or presence of problems in the work of the most important muscle in the body, the load on which increases many times over from the moment of pregnancy. If abnormalities are detected on the ECG, the therapist will prescribe an ECHO-CG, which allows you to more accurately determine the degree of cardiac dysfunction.

General urine analysis

at 10 weeks of pregnancy

Dynamic control general analysis urine will allow you to evaluate the functioning of the kidneys and bladder.

First trimester screening

at 12 weeks of pregnancy

A screening study for chromosomal abnormalities and gross malformations of the fetus consists of several procedures:
- Ultrasound, by which the doctor can assess whether the fetus has visually gross developmental pathology, as well as the presence or absence of signs that may indicate any genetic disease (Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome);
- A blood test showing whether certain indicators are abnormal, which may also indicate the risk of systemic genetic diseases.
- computer analysis of the degree of individual risk of having a child with a chromosomal abnormality in this couple, taking into account the results obtained from ultrasound and biochemical research.
- vaginal examination, assessment of the condition of the cervix. This is one of the periods in which ICI can begin to form (isthmic-cervical insufficiency, when the muscles of the cervix weaken earlier than required). Therefore, the gynecologist needs to examine you and assess the size and consistency of the cervix. If during the examination ICI is indeed detected, depending on the situation, the doctor will either monitor the condition of the cervix over time or suggest hospitalization.