Customs, traditions and rituals. Family cultural traditions, examples for children that exist in Russia Give examples of traditions accepted in your family

Every family should have its own individual atmosphere of love, mutual understanding and spiritual comfort. Children born into such families adopt this favorable atmosphere on a subconscious level.

How does it arise, how to create it and pass it on to the child? This is where we come to the topic that reveals family traditions, cultivation family values, customs, laws family leisure.

As a rule, basically, family cultural traditions, values, customs, and leisure laws take their roots from the family foundations of previous generations. Thanks to them, a feeling of belonging and reliability is created family relations, a strong bond emerges between family members, loved ones are supported trusting relationship, children feel the safety and stability of the family.

What are family traditions: examples for children

Family traditions are regularly repeated actions of family members aimed at consolidating intra-family ties and strengthening the family as the main basis of society.

Traditions are an indispensable attribute of family happiness and well-being, reflecting the moral position of all family members. Each family is individual and has its own history. Family customs allow all members to feel their importance, devote time and attention to their relatives, and show respect and love to them.

Examples of traditions:

holding holidays together,
themed lunches on weekends,
holiday trips with the whole family,
reading fairy tales to children before bed or singing lullabies,
going to church on Sundays or religious holidays,
children writing letters to Santa Claus for the New Year,
household baking Easter cakes,
eating together,
other.

What are family traditions and holidays?

Family holidays

This tradition has its roots in the distant past - for centuries it has been customary to spend holidays in the family circle with family and loved ones. The main such holiday should be called birthday.

In most families, it is customary on this day to invite guests to the house, set the festive table, give gifts to the birthday person and certainly blow out the candles on the birthday cake, making a wish. Family holidays include weddings, births of children, baptisms and more.

Holding national holidays

These include everyone’s favorite holiday - New Year. Most families practice the custom of spending it together at a large table, with the traditional Olivier salad and champagne.

Children write letters to Santa Claus asking for the gifts they want. Many families celebrate Easter by baking Easter cakes and lighting them in church.

Among the national holidays it is traditionally celebrated World Workers' Day- 1st of May. On this holiday, most families go on a picnic and cook meat dishes on the grill.

Games with children

It is important that both parents take part in raising the child and play with him. During games, a child learns about the world, acquires new skills, and improves his physical and intellectual level. For example, according to custom, a mother teaches her child to play chess every Saturday, and a father plays football with his son on Sundays. Children love stability, so try not to break established customs.

Evening discussion of the past day

Eating together

This tradition should be called the most important, because there is nothing more pleasant than sharing meals with family and friends. This family custom is practiced by many. During family breakfasts there is great opportunity discuss plans for the day and recharge yourself with positivity.

Celebrating significant events

Reading fairy tales before bed

This is the most important tradition when raising children, because fairy tales allow a child to develop imagination and understand the world. In addition, daily reading of fairy tales before bedtime develops a certain bedtime routine for the child. Even if the child is too small to understand the meaning of what is read, the calm and measured voice of mom or dad will have a calming effect on him. Such an evening ritual will calm even the most active children, promoting good sound sleep.

Walking with the whole family

To develop a child’s physical abilities and maintain their own, it is important to take walks together. During such a walk, you need to communicate and you can look at the sights. In order to instill spiritual values, it is advisable for the whole family to visit cinemas, theaters, museums, and exhibitions. Such trips can broaden your horizons and improve the cultural level of the family as a whole.

Kissing tradition

To create an atmosphere of love, it is important to kiss your family and friends more often. It is advisable to kiss children at least twice a day - in the morning when they wake up, in the evening - before going to bed. More frequent kisses and hugs are welcome, even with an adult child, because with a lack of affection, children grow up callous. It is also important to wish all your relatives Good night before bedtime and good morning, waking up.

Joint trips on vacation

Do not underestimate this type of leisure, because most psychologists recommend regularly changing the environment to maintain good relationships. The main thing is to visit new cities and countries together, to escape from routine and everyday life, and to expand your horizons.

Orthodox traditions

These include going to church together Orthodox holidays or every Sunday, celebrating Christmas and Easter, fasting, baptizing children, reading the Bible, praying before bed, regularly visiting deceased relatives.

What values underlie family traditions?

Family traditions generate and instill in people important values:

love for family,
respect for your family,
caring for loved ones,
a correct understanding of the family and its role in life.

Failure to comply with family customs and foundations can lead to a weakening of ties between its members and to the destruction of family ties. Even a unit of society in which love reigns cannot exist without certain important and pleasant customs, for example, joint leisure.

Traditions strengthen children's sense of gratitude towards their parents and grandparents, instilling respect for the older generation. Customs give spouses a feeling of inviolability and stability of family relationships. L.N. Tolstoy said: “Happy is he who is happy at home.” A person living in a family that honors traditions will certainly be surrounded by care, love, warmth and tenderness. For such a person, family well-being will certainly be transferred to other areas of life.

Family traditions of different countries and peoples of the world

Each nation has its own special traditions relating to all areas of life, and this is especially true for the family. This is due, first of all, to the fact that each people or country has its own special geography, location, climate, history, unique culture, and adheres to different religions. All these factors influence the formation of cultural and family customs.

Family traditions, in turn, shape the worldview and attitude to life. Such family structures have existed for centuries, practically unchanged, passing from older family members to younger ones.

Family cultural traditions in Russia, history and modernity

If we turn to history, it will become obvious that there are many traditions in Rus'. For a long time, the main family custom in Russia was genealogy - in past times it was considered indecent not to know one’s family, and the expression “Ivan, who does not remember kinship” was an insult. An integral part of the family structure was the compilation of a pedigree or family tree. Also known are such traditions of the Russian people as transferring valuable things from generation to generation and naming a child in honor of one of the respected ancestors.

In modern Russia, the importance of family customs has been somewhat lost. For example, nowadays you rarely see a family maintaining its own genealogy. Often, the memory of generations comes down to an album with photographs. But such wonderful traditions as eating together and holding joint holidays have been preserved. Family customs and traditions in the Kuban still imply Cossack life and raising children in the spirit of the Cossack family.

Traditions in Germany

There is a stereotype that Germans are extremely pedantic. The Germans have the strictest traditions regarding the family:

It is customary to treat your home with the utmost care, carefully cleaning it and making it beautiful;
It is not customary to leave grandchildren to be raised by their grandparents - for this it is necessary to determine a sum of money for them;
parents in old age do not live with their children - they are looked after by nurses or they live in special boarding houses;
At Christmas, it is customary for the whole family to gather at the parental home;
Germans are prudent and thrifty, so they have a tradition of saving for old age, during which they usually travel a lot around the world.

In England

For the British, traditions are the three pillars on which the Earth rests, so they honor them with special reverence. Who doesn't know about the notorious English custom of drinking tea? Family gatherings and discussions are always held over a cup of real Earl Gray with milk. The British are Catholics, so they especially celebrate Christmas and Thanksgiving, gathering with the whole family and preparing traditional dishes.

The custom of giving children a good education must be called a wonderful tradition among the British. It is considered bad manners not to send a child to study at a private boarding school or college.

In France

In France, it is a widespread custom to gather at a common table on Sundays, drink wine and have a meal. Among the holidays, the French like to celebrate Christmas, gathering at their parents' house. The festive banquet necessarily includes such delicacies as foie gras, salmon, seafood, Iscariot snails and noble cheeses. The traditional drink at Christmas is champagne, and the dessert is a “Christmas log.”

In India

India is a country of strict family customs and traditions. Indian society is divided into social castes, so they approach the issue of marriage in an extremely unusual way. The father of the family must himself choose the future groom for his daughter; she was given in marriage only to a representative of her social caste.

A lavish wedding celebration is more of an obligation than a desire. The bride traditionally had to provide a dowry. Divorces and remarriages were previously banned in India.

Indian family life is greatly influenced by Buddhist traditions. According to them, a man must:

Show respect to your spouse.
Don't change.
Provide for the family.
Teach children a craft.
Select a suitable pair for children.

A woman should:

Respect your husband.
To raise children.
Carry out all household duties.
Don't cheat on your husband.
Fulfill all the wishes of your spouse.

Tatar traditions

Tatars are Muslims, so family structures are based on Sharia and the Koran. Among the Tatars, starting a family is considered a necessity dictated by religion. It is interesting that after marriage, the husband receives full power over his wife, and the wife is dependent on him - she does not even have the right to leave the house without the consent of her husband.

Divorce among Tatars occurs extremely rarely, solely on the initiative of the husband. It is customary for the wife to raise children, but they are obliged to show complete obedience to their father.

What family traditions are important in raising children?

Family customs play a vital role in raising children. It is extremely difficult to instill traditions in an adult, so their transmission from generation to generation from parents to children is a common occurrence. Children perceive the world the way their parents do, therefore, the child’s perception of the family as the main element of his life, as well as determining its place in the value system, depends on pleasant family customs.

Family reading tradition

The traditions of family reading before bed, singing lullabies, kisses at every meeting, shared dinners, and walks will be useful. They define in the child the concept of stability, the inviolability of family structures, give a feeling of cohesion, and make children more gentle and affectionate. It is also important to instill from childhood the custom of respecting and honoring your ancestors by regularly visiting them on holidays.

Proverbs and poems about family traditions

There are many instructive proverbs about family customs and traditions:

“What good is treasure when there is harmony in the family.”
“Children are not a burden, but a joy.”
“It’s warm in the sun, good in mother’s presence.”
“Not the mother who gave birth, but the one who raised.”
“A family is strong when there is only one roof over it.”
“The whole family is together, and the soul is in the same place.”
“A tree is held together by its roots, and a person is held together by its family.”
“If I have granddaughters, I know fairy tales.”
“Don’t hide your failures from your parents.”
“Honor your parents - you will not go astray.”
“In a family where they help each other, troubles are not terrible.”

Poems about family and traditions:

Family and home are like light and bread.
The native hearth is earth and sky.
Given to you for salvation,
No matter what worries you have.
Let life run hastily,
Wherever the road leads,
In your changing fate
There is no more beautiful gift from God.
They always keep you
No matter how much you travel around the world,
Like a guiding star
And there is no holy shrine to this.
Your family is warm and light
This is the best joy for the soul.
There is no other happiness in the world,
There is no need for any other happiness.

Family traditions are one of the most important aspects of every person’s life, so it is important to cultivate and support them in every possible way.

Family life without traditions would be boring.

It’s great when young families do it themselves, relying on experience family life their parents, adding their own personal moments.

the main objective- rapprochement with other family members, building a strong reliable family, as well as enjoying communication with loved ones. Be happy!

Video

Video channel " Loving mothers».

Family traditions and customs are an integral attribute of family happiness and well-being. It is very important to instill them in children from the very beginning. early age, because common traditions not only strengthen family ties, but also create unforgettable childhood memories.

In today's video, we have collected for you 5 ideas for family unifying traditions that can become the basis for your own.

Family Traditions and Values of our ancestors and modernity

On the video channel “Tales of the Russian Land”. Vitaly Sundakov talks about the family traditions and values of our ancestors:

Attraction to each other from the mind - leads to respect!
Attraction to each other from the Soul leads to friendship!
Attraction to each other from bodies leads to passion!
And only all three types of attraction together lead to Love!

Source of publication: video on the topic and article from the site http://svadbavo.ru/journal/podgotovka-k-svadbe/traditsii/semeinye

We often don’t think about what turns us from a group of people living together into a real unit of society. And here the customs that have developed over the years play an important role. In our article we will talk about what family traditions are, what their significance is, and we will also give examples of habits that exist in families different countries and make your list.

Family traditions: what is it?

To define what a family tradition is, let’s first define what it means – “family”. According to the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary, it is “a small group based on marriage or consanguinity, whose members are bound by a common life, mutual assistance, moral and legal responsibility.” This means that in a full-fledged unit of society, relatives not only live under the same roof, but also love each other, take care of each member, and spend time together. If some activity or action is repeated repeatedly, passed from one generation to another, then it becomes a custom of this kind.

Family customs are not necessarily something grandiose and large-scale. Even modest weekly rituals that are established in one union or another can be considered a tradition. For example, cleaning on Saturdays, having breakfast together on Sunday mornings, or watching cartoons with the children on Fridays.

Moreover, the habit of wishing each other good morning, kissing when meeting or saying goodbye, calling that you have arrived safely at your destination can also be attributed to the norms accepted in this unit of society.

Types of family traditions

The list of what can be classified as family traditions can be endless. However, they can be conditionally divided into general ones, which are inherent in many people in different variations, and completely unique, specific rituals.

The first group includes such actions as:

Joint celebrations

In most homes in Russia, on Birthdays, New Years, and Easter, a large circle of relatives and close friends gather around a richly laid table to congratulate the birthday person or spend the outgoing year.

These days, it is customary to present gifts and souvenirs, write congratulations, sing songs and dance, make toasts followed by drinking alcohol, which of course does not benefit the nation.

Joint meeting of important events in life

For many people, it is customary to discuss daily or at least once a week narrow circle, how the day went, what events happened, share your thoughts on this matter, give advice or simply empathize from the heart. Plans for the weekend and the near future are also discussed here. Such close, frank communication is very unifying and allows all members of the family to feel their importance and significance for the rest.

Traveling together

If circumstances permit, many spend their holidays together, if possible going to the sea or to another city. And there are those who prefer annual trips to the dacha in the summer, where outdoor recreation is combined with work responsibilities. Any such trip brings a lot of positivity to each participant, which strengthens the relationship between household members.

Photos for memory

I want to capture pleasant events on photo cards so that, if desired, I can return to the memorable day at any time. Photo shoots, which are now fashionable, can become a good tradition, especially in families with children. After all, every age of a baby has its own charms, and time flies so quickly that you won’t have time to come to your senses. In addition, long joint preparations usually take place for such an event, and the child will perceive the shooting itself as an adventure.

Joint attendance at various events

Cinema, theater, exhibitions, museums, festivals - it's all very interesting and educational. If everyone in the house is committed to developing their personality, then household members will never be bored with each other. So joint visits to cultural or entertainment events- This is a very good and useful custom.

The list of other common family traditions can be very long. After all, the smallest daily habits can also be included here, as well as all religious rituals, national characteristics associated, for example, with marriage or initiation into religion. Russia is a multinational country, and each nation has its own historical customs.

Specific customs include those features that are unique to your social unit. For example, you like to eat only oatmeal for breakfast, or don’t go to bed until dawn on Friday.

In addition, there are those actions that developed on their own, and there are those that were specially introduced. In any case, this is exactly what is repeated in one house with some frequency.

The role of family traditions: what does it mean to observe them?

If we highlight the main positive theses, they will probably sound like this:

Traditions give a feeling of stability and inviolability of marriage for spouses.
Develop respect for elders.
They instill a desire for work and order.
They rally and unite relatives.
They allow you to feel like an integral part of something big, strong, what we call a social unit.

What are family traditions for children?

Compliance with established customs is especially important for children, because it gives a feeling of stability, and therefore safety. Children love when something is repeated many times; it is good for their psyche and makes the child calm and balanced. This is why doctors so strongly recommend following a daily routine.

The following traditions will be especially useful for children:

Reading bedtime stories and singing lullabies to babies

Evening reading not only develops the child’s imagination, but also puts him in a calm mood, appropriate before bed, and the mother’s voice always calms and lulls him to sleep.

Cooperative games

In the age of computers, televisions and an endless amount of entertainment, it is very easy to keep a child busy. However, the warmest memories from childhood will be those when the baby played with his parents. It can be Board games or active recreation in nature, the main thing is that all loved ones take part in the game.

Household duties

It is good when each member, even the smallest one, has some responsibilities around the house. This does not have to be a fixed labor duty. Activities can be changed and each time a new task can be offered. Invite your child to wipe the dust during one cleaning session, and then next time use a vacuum cleaner. And even kids are happy to handle such an assignment as watering flowers.

Family meals

Kisses and hugs

Psychologists say that to feel happy you need at least eight hugs a day. And children need even more. So hug your kids on any occasion. And a goodnight kiss will be a wonderful end to the day for both the child and the parents.

Preparing for the New Year

For many adults, some of the most magical moments of childhood are new year holidays. You can create a fairy tale with your child, decorate a Christmas tree together with themed songs, make souvenirs as gifts for your family, write letters to Santa Claus. After all, the baby can do what many adults have forgotten how to do - believe in miracles.

All these and many other traditions will allow children to form right attitude to marriage as one of the main elements of your life. Already as adults, they will carry into their young unit of society exactly those foundations and principles that they learned from childhood.

Description of family traditions of different countries

Of course, every society has its own historically established customs. Let's talk in more detail about what is accepted in other states.

In Russia

Since ancient times, traditions have been honored and protected in Russia; they have been an important part of the life of both the common population and the nobles.

One of the main customs was a good knowledge of one’s clan, all one’s ancestors up to the tenth generation. In an aristocratic environment, family trees were necessarily compiled for each surname, which listed all the ancestors with first names, patronymics, last names and titles. Stories from the lives of our ancestors were passed on from mouth to mouth, and with the invention of the camera, photographs were passed on. Until now, many families carefully preserve old photo albums, gradually supplementing them with modern cards.

Respect for elders is one of the pillars of education in Rus'. In our country, unlike Western countries, it is not customary to send parents to live out their lives in boarding houses and nursing homes. Children take care of their elderly until their last day. And after their death, it is customary to remember departed relatives on the day of death and birthday, and to care for their graves.

Another Russian feature that demonstrates respect for one’s family is the assignment of a patronymic to a child. This is a tribute, first of all, to my father. It was also often possible to come across a “family” name, that is, often found in this family, when a child is named after one of the relatives.

The transfer of heirlooms by inheritance was also widespread. Moreover, these are not necessarily jewelry that cost a fortune. These can be simple, but dear to the heart things - interior items, cutlery. Often wedding dress passed from mother to daughter.

Almost all of the above traditions have been preserved in our society to this day. But many, unfortunately, are practically lost. For example, professional dynasties, when a craft was deeply studied and its secrets were passed on from generation to generation.

A good trend has been to return to the roots and centuries-old traditions. "Russian House of Genealogy" offers assistance in compiling a family tree of your kind. They have a staff of more than five hundred genealogists working all over the world, who will certainly find any archival documents where this or that surname is mentioned. Also, experts not only compile a pedigree, but also teach this difficult craft. A wide selection of designs will allow you not only to create a tree for yourself out of interest, but also to purchase a family tree book as an original and useful gift.

In Great Britain

This is a country that sacredly honors its customs, especially for aristocratic dynasties. Traditions are observed in everything: from the daily rituals of morning oatmeal and evening tea to the concept of how to raise children.

One of the peculiarities of the British is to instill in their children strict control over their emotions. Saving face for a true gentleman is as important today as it was a couple of centuries ago.

In Italy

Italy is a very patriarchal state. Almost 90% of all enterprises there are related, that is, passed on from father to son. In addition, the surname in a given state is not limited to a narrow circle of the closest relatives; all relatives are an important part of the large clan.

On holidays, the whole family must gather around a richly covered festive table, joke, laugh, share news.

To America

Despite the fact that Americans are mostly workaholics and very career-oriented, many social units have three or more children. An interesting tradition is to take your baby with you everywhere, even to parties and get-togethers with friends. It is believed that such early integration into society will help the child in adulthood.

Historically, family traditions are an integral part of the life of any society in every state. They are like cement when building a house, they bind all relatives and allow them not to lose common interests. So observe existing customs and create new ones, then there will always be an atmosphere of love and friendship in your home.

Traditions, customs, and rituals exist in every family, which are very valuable for raising kind, decent people. For example, in the morning, when relatives wake up, they wish each other good morning, and at night they wish each other good night.

The word family means a blood connection between relatives who are connected by everyday life, interconnection, and responsibility. They are always ready to help their relatives morally and financially, to come to the rescue, support, rejoice, be sad.

Family traditions are manners of behavior, principles established in the family, habits that the child will carry out in further development and teach them to his children.

Family holidays and traditions in the family can allow:

They influence the child’s development, stability, and help children recognize friends in their parents with whom they can have fun.
They bring relatives closer together, allow them to spend time together and enjoy life.
They help you become a full-fledged family in society and gain cultural enrichment.

A person living in a family where traditions and customs are present will be surrounded by affection and attention.

Let's look at what family traditions there are in a family, examples:

Name	Peculiarity
Birthday, family holiday	With the help of this custom, children and parents will receive a lot of pleasure and a great mood from communicating with their family.
Household chores, cleaning	From a young age, a child gets used to order and feels like a full-fledged member of the family.
Children's games	Thanks to developing games, the child begins to get used to it, love his parents, learn skills, and maintain trusting and warm relationships.
Family dinners	The custom helps everyone present at home to unite at one table, receive guests, discuss family problems relatives, friends.
Family Council	Blood relatives families hold meetings where various issues are discussed. Raising children, rewards, punishments.
Greetings, farewells	Various words of praise, kisses, hugs, signs of attention to children from parents and relatives.
Days of remembrance and walks together	They remember and commemorate departed relatives, days of relaxation in nature, trips to the circus, cinema, and shopping help fill their lives with variety.

Throughout their lives, people use established customs and rituals that are passed down from generation to generation. The rituals show the customs of the family, holidays, weddings, and various celebrations. With the help of rituals, national songs and dances appeared.

There are so many families in the world, so many traditions that can be fascinating and interesting:

Overnight fishing trip. Spending the night in a tent and boiling fish soup over a fire will bring children many new positive emotions.
Family cooking dinner. When preparing any dish, everyone is given a task. This will bring a lot of fun and joyful emotions.
Birthdays. Waking up in the morning, a family member is told a clue that he is looking for a gift.
Travel to the sea. Packing your bags together, going on vacation, sunbathing, swimming. This will unite, bring the family closer, and give wonderful impressions.
Make your own gifts without any reason, to confess your love.
Bake a pie with the whole family For kindergarten for any occasion, it will bring a lot of pleasure.
Bedtime story. Not only mom can read, but dad and dad can take turns reading. Then wish the children pleasant dreams, embrace them and kiss them. Even Small child will feel that he is surrounded by the care, attention, and love of his parents.
Make scenes at home, performances, singing songs, reciting poems. Friendly family will be pleased with these events, especially children.
Celebrate Christmas and New Year in new places so that the children will remember each year for a long time.

New traditions and customs

When new family, family traditions do not always coincide between spouses. One family holidays were noted in wide family circle, where all the relatives were present.

The bride, on the contrary, is in a close circle. Because of this, disagreements and quarrels may arise. To come to the right result, you can come up with new traditions and regulations in the family, if there is desire and consent.

To do this you need to follow the steps:

come up with a new family tradition where all family members will participate;
be the first to show interest in the undertaking;
you should not invent too many customs every day;
repeat the tradition several times to consolidate and remember.

Family traditions from different countries

Individual countries, as a rule, have their own statutes, orders, customs, and traditions. IN Great Britain It is customary to raise children in strictness and to restrain emotions.

Looking from the outside, one can testify that they do not love their children. On the contrary, it’s customary for them to give like this parental love, which is different from upbringing in Russia.

IN Japan mother sitting with child in maternity leave until it reaches 6 summer age. She doesn’t yell at him, she indulges him, fulfills his whims. At school, on the contrary, children are brought up in strictness, taught to order. Several generations can live in a house.

IN Germany There is a custom to get married at a late age. It is customary to first make a career, after which by the age of 30 you are allowed to get married and have children.

IN Italy, all relatives, even distant ones, are considered one family. They often gather around a common table to discuss everyone's problems.

A custom is a historically emerged stereotypical rule of behavior that is reproduced in a social group or society and becomes familiar to its members. A custom is based on a detailed pattern of actions in a specific situation, for example, how to treat family members, how to resolve conflicts, how to build business relationships, etc. Outdated customs are most often replaced over time by new ones that are more in line with modern requirements.

“Custom is older than the law,” says Ushakov’s dictionary. Let's look and try to determine what they are in different spheres of public life.

Does a behavioral pattern always become a custom?

As mentioned above, custom presupposes the existence of a behavioral pattern. But the latter cannot always act as a rule of conduct, since each person has the opportunity to choose one of possible ways actions depending on their interests, goals or objectives.

And customs are formed only if the conditions of stereotyping and familiarity of a specific pattern of human behavior in the current situation are met. If following a custom is natural and does not require a mechanism of coercion or control over implementation, then it becomes a social norm of behavior.

An example of the emergence of a legal custom

If a custom is an established stereotype of behavior that is sanctioned by state authorities, then it has received legal status.

The formation of legal customs occurs as a result of many years of experience (and in this way they differ markedly from written law). For example, the creation of a system of law among the peoples of the Caucasus (belonging to the Russian Federation) was greatly influenced not only by Russian legislation and Sharia norms, but also by the centuries-old traditions of the mountain people.

These, of course, include reverence for elders in the family (which, by the way, is also associated with the famous phenomenon of longevity of Caucasians). Or, for example, a custom that limits contact in a family between people who have different blood relationships (a daughter-in-law and a father-in-law cannot meet in the house even by chance) - all these norms of customs have acquired legal status, enshrined in legislation.

Having become legal, customs also acquire legal significance: that is, a court or other government body can refer to them as a source of law.

If they are not supported by government authorities, then they remain at the level of everyday norms of behavior. For example, a custom in the Caucasus, officially prohibited, but actually continuing to exist, or the national custom of the Slavs to “wash” every significant event in the family or at work, which the law has also so far unsuccessfully fought.

What is legal custom: example

By the way, please note that the authorization of a legal custom is carried out in the form of a reference to it, and not to its textual enshrinement in the law. If consolidation has taken place, then the source of law becomes not custom, but the normative act in which it is reproduced.

As an example, we can cite an unwritten procedure that was once developed in representative bodies of power: the right to open the first meeting of the newly elected parliament was given to the oldest deputy. In the new Constitution of the Russian Federation (Part 3 of Article 99), this custom received legal confirmation and, accordingly, the highest legislative force.

Interaction of law and customs

Separately, it is worth considering the relationship between the customs existing in any society. How do legally established rules and folk customs inherent in individual countries interact? social groups or layers of society?

Most often, such relationships come down to a few basic options.

Customs that are useful for the state and society are supported by legal norms and conditions are created for their implementation (respect for elders, care for children, priorities in property relations, etc.).
Legal norms periodically serve to supplant customs harmful to society, such as, for example, excessive consumption of alcohol or, among certain nationalities, bride price, blood feud, bride price and some Sharia norms. There are customs associated with racial or religious intolerance that are naturally cut off by the state.
In some cases, legal norms are indifferent to customs, mainly if they concern interpersonal relationships or everyday behavior.

Examples of legislative consolidation of folk customs

After a custom acquires a legal character and its observance is ensured by a state control mechanism, it acquires a more stable position.

An example is the ancient customs characteristic of the communal system in Russian villages. They are from the beginning of the 20th century. formed the basis of regulatory legal acts of land use and land relations. All disputes that arose during the use of the allotment were resolved at the village meeting, and they went to court only in cases where one of the parties believed that the decision made was unfair.

The principle of resolving in court such issues as grassing of crops, distortion (violation of the boundary during mowing), sowing of a neighboring wedge, etc. was mainly dictated by the customs of compensating for the damage caused by an equal action or determining the price for it: “you sowed my strip , and I will sow yours,” “for the grain harvest collected from an unauthorized wedge - 8 kopecks to the owner, and 8.5 for work.”

The relationship between civil and customary law in Russia

True, in judicial practice Russian Federation in our time, references to are rarely used since a stable legal system has not yet been fully formed and has not existed for a sufficient time, and public consciousness continues to change, which prevents the creation of a system of established customs that can be a source of law.

But in the country the practice of concluding civil contracts based on compliance with ordinary norms is intensively developing, and the formation of corporate codes in a similar way is also practiced. Custom is a source of law that is applicable primarily in the region since there are participants legal relations have a certain freedom of choice.

What are business customs?

As mentioned above, legal custom has become most widespread in civil law. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation determines that business custom is an established rule of conduct, universally applied in one or another area of business activity, not provided for by law and regardless of whether it was recorded in any document or not.

For example, every Monday at enterprises in Russia it is customary to hold planning meetings; travel in a minibus in most cities of the country is paid immediately at the entrance, and in Irkutsk, on the contrary, at the exit or during negotiations taking place in a cafe or restaurant, unless this is specified additionally, ladies don't pay for themselves. Such customs include a handshake, which confirms the outcome of any agreement and the legal force that a receipt certified only by a signature has, etc.

The development of entrepreneurship was the impetus for the emergence of new rules in doing business and business customs. They complement existing legislative acts in cases where the latter cannot fully satisfy the needs of any area of business relations. Thus, it is mentioned, for example, that the fulfillment of obligations must strictly comply with the requirements of the law or legal acts, and in the absence of such, with business customs. Art. has a similar link. 82, contained in the Customs Code of the Russian Federation.

How do multinational customs coexist in Russia?

The peoples inhabiting Russia represent many ethnic groups with different culture, traditions and customs. Throughout the history of the state, this situation has dictated the need to take into account the national factor in legal regulation.

At different times, the state’s attitude towards the possibility of applying customary norms was different: from following the principle of the free development of national minorities to determining criminal liability for making decisions based on the customs of the indigenous population.

But in Russia, regardless of the official position, traditional legal systems have always existed, creating at times a situation of double regulation. By the way, it has survived to this day, although it has moved to a new level of interaction between positive (state) and traditional law.

Conclusion

As can be seen from the above, custom is a stereotype of behavior that can also be a source of law. Customs are modified: some of them are introduced by social practice, some are imposed by certain strata of society, some become outdated and disappear.

Customs act as norms that complement the law, as well as indicators of what is proper and possible in the life of each member of society; they are created by people, and their application contributes to raising the level of legal culture, as well as the accumulation of experience in relations between citizens of a state striving to establish comprehensive democracy.

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