Download the New Year presentation in different countries. Presentation of the class hour "how to celebrate the New Year in different countries of the world"

For residents of the Dutch capital Amsterdam, the main New Year's event is the appearance of a local Santa Claus, St. Nicholas, in the city port. The guest arrives in the country by sea, via Rotterdam, and is met in a tiny fishing village Monnie-kendam not only ordinary citizens, but also city authorities, including the mayor of the capital

This happens in early December. And all the subsequent New Year's Eve, Dutch children try not to play pranks in order to deserve Nicholas and his servants nicknamed Black Pete long-awaited gifts.

In this country, holiday celebrations are held very traditionally, except for the obligatory skating on the city skating rink, built specifically for the holiday period

There is an old tradition in Holland. Previously, going to New Year When visiting, the Dutch took logs with them. It was decorated with ribbons and paper and given to the owners of the house. The hosts thanked the generous guests and then burned the log in the fireplace with them. The ashes from the burnt log were scattered across the fields the next morning.

Today, the Dutch no longer visit with logs, because, like all Europeans, they fight for the environment and take care of their trees. However, this does not prevent them from carrying out their ancient tradition. Now they are burning a very, very small log. Can you guess which one? IN New Year's Eve The Dutch light a match. Moreover, lighting a match at one end, they then grab it at the other and wait until the fire burns the entire match. A completely burnt match promises the Dutch happiness in the new year

Apogee of the New Year

coming in Holland

at midnight.

The sky of Amsterdam lights up

the glow of fireworks.

Lasts half an hour

deafening cannonade

New Year in Holland is celebrated with family and special dishes are prepared for the New Year's feast

Each region of Holland has its own type of cookies or waffles for the New Year. The so-called Advent wreath is especially popular. These are almond-filled shortbread cookies, sprinkled with almonds and decorated with sugared fruit.

In the Netherlands there is also a traditional New Year's drink - "slam". It is made from hot milk, in which tea, sugar, cinnamon, lemon zest, saffron, cloves and nutmeg are added.

• New Year in Canada, unlike the troublesome Christmas, is celebrated more calmly and quietly. Many Canadians spend this holiday as a regular day off.
• According to an established tradition in Canada, it is customary to celebrate the New Year not at the table, but on the street, among friends and acquaintances, or at cheerful friendly parties. However, for many, the meeting of the first minutes of the coming year remains family celebration, no matter where he finds them - at home or outside

• On the evening of December 31, a festive concert dedicated to welcoming the coming year is traditionally held on the main square of Toronto. It's bright entertainment event, in which singers, performers, presenters, and artists participate. The holiday ends exactly at midnight.
• After the festive concert, the center of the New Year's fun becomes the skating rink in the center of the city, where music continues to play for a long time, and the beloved and traditional entertainment for residents of Canada – skating.

New Year

V

England

Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for gifts,

which will bring them Santa Claus,

and they put hay in the shoes - a treat for the donkey

In English houses, the New Year's table is served... no, not oatmeal, sir, but something more appetizing: turkey with chestnuts and fried potatoes with gravy, as well as stewed Brussels sprouts with meat pies,

followed by sweets and fruits

In England, a bell announces the arrival of the New Year. True, he starts calling a little earlier than midnight and does it in a “whisper” - the blanket with which he is wrapped prevents him from demonstrating all his power. But at exactly twelve the bells are “undressed”, and they begin to loudly sing hymns to the New Year. At these moments, lovers, in order not to separate next year, must kiss under a mistletoe branch, considered a magical tree.

Switzerland has a variety of unusual Christmas traditions. This is mainly due to the fact that there are four different national traditions in the country. On the territory of Switzerland there are German, French and Italian settlements with their own customs.

Another factor is high mountains. Snowy winter makes it difficult to travel between villages and therefore some Christmas traditions in Switzerland are only regional in nature (that is, characteristic only of a given area)

In Europe, in the first days of the new year, fortune telling is carried out: fortune tellers are especially popular at this time. Switzerland celebrates Saint's Eve Sylvester . According to legend, in 314 BC. there lived a clergyman named Saint Sylvester , who tamed the terrible sea monster. It was assumed that in 1000 AD. this monster will run away from Saint Sylvester and would destroy the whole world, but this did not happen, and people rejoiced. Since then, in Switzerland, this story has been remembered on New Year's Eve and carnivals are organized in honor of the mythical characters, and the participants themselves are called Sylvesterklaus

Gifts are given both on Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve. brings them St Nicholas or even Christmas Father and wife Lucy. The Christmas tree is an integral part of Christmas celebrations. Christmas carols are sung in four languages. Switzerland has absorbed all the best that different nations could give it

The celebration of St. Nicholas Day in Switzerland falls on

December 6. Residents organize a festive street procession. They don cardboard headdresses lit by candles to see off St. Nicholas. Children walk the streets, ringing bells and asking for sweets and drinks from nearby houses.

Christmas begins with a festive Christmas mass, which takes place in all churches of the country, and then continues at home, in family circle near the Christmas tree. Christmas gifts are distributed to children by a snow-white angel in a crown, whose name is Christkindel . With his appearance, the ringing of a silver bell is heard. Christmas and New Year in Switzerland - this is a bright, memorable event, a real winter fairy tale, full of secrets, surprises and general fun

French Father Frost

• New Year in France, better known as de Jour comes in night With 31th of December on 1st of January It was on this day that the French Santa Claus - Pere Noel- brings gifts and sweets to good and diligent children. Wearing wooden shoes and carrying a basket of gifts on his back, he arrives on a donkey and, leaving the animal outside, enters the house through the chimney. He puts gifts in shoes (sabots), which the children leave in front of the fireplace in advance

• Per Noel's partner is

Per Fuetar - a grandfather with rods who

reminds Per Noel like a child

behaved during the year and what did he

deserves more - gifts or spanking.

In some provinces Père Noel brings

small gifts on December 6th and returns again at Christmas with big ones. Also gifts can

bring Petit Noel - baby Jesus

Père Fouétard Petit Noël

Festive table

The festive table menu varies depending on regional culinary traditions. In northeastern France, the main dish is often goose; in Burgundy, turkey with chestnuts. In Brittany, buckwheat scones with sour cream are traditionally served, while Parisians prefer oysters, lobster, and foie gras (often prepared as a Christmas log). In Provence, 13 desserts are served - this is an ancient custom that symbolizes Christ and the 12 apostles. The most famous and must-have dessert is Christmas cake. Bouche de Noel (in the form of a log). For dessert, prepare a pie with one bean. Whoever eats a bean becomes "Bean King" and everyone must obey him

New Year in Italy

The name of the Italian Santa Claus is Babbo Natale . His name is associated with Saint Nicholas

Outwardly, Babbo Natale is very similar to Santa Claus. He is dressed in a red suit, he has a large white beard, and he travels on a sleigh drawn by reindeer. On New Year's Eve, Babbo Natale looks into houses where there are small children and leaves them gifts. But he gives gifts only to those who wrote him a letter of wishes in advance.

In Spain, when the clock strikes, it is customary to eat 12 grapes.

If you have time to eat everything

12 grapes, your cherished dream will come true

New Year in Thailand

On the streets they can tie special strings for you for good luck. There should be 25-30 of them on each hand, from different people. They are worn until they tear or come untied.

Sawasdee pi mai! Happy New Year!

In Japan, two Santa Clauses compete - Segatsu-san and newbie Oji-san (a version of the American Santa Claus). Unlike the young Oji , traditional Segatsu-san you have to go home for a whole week, which the Japanese call “golden”. Segatsu-san is dressed in a sky-blue kimono, he does not give gifts to children, their parents do this for him.

New Year in Japan is called O-shogatsu. This is the most beloved and brightest holiday, and New Year holidays, lasting from December 28 to January 4, are days of rest for absolutely everyone. Japan is a country rich in diverse, interesting customs and traditions. They prepare for the holiday long before it arrives. Numerous New Year's fairs are held on the streets of Japanese cities, where everything is sold - from souvenirs and clothing to ritual items. For example, Hamaimi . These are blunt arrows with white feathers that protect the house from troubles and evil forces. Or Takarabune. This is the name of the boats with rice and other “treasures” on which the seven gods of luck sit. The lucky talisman is very popular - kumade(translated as “bear paw”). It resembles a rake made from bamboo. This little thing is supposed to “rakes in” happiness. With each purchase, store visitors are given a traditional figurine of an animal as a gift - a symbol of the coming year. It is impossible not to talk about the traditional detail of decorating a Japanese home before the New Year, the so-called kadomatsu , which means “pine tree at the entrance.”

Kadomatsu This greeting to the New Year's Deity is usually made of pine, bamboo, woven rice straw rope, decorated with fern branches, tangerines or a bunch of seaweed and dried shrimp. Each of the details of this decoration is symbolic. According to ancient tradition, the Japanese decorate the house for the New Year with bouquets of willow or bamboo branches with mochi hanging on them in the form of flowers, fish, and fruits. These decorations, called mochibana, are colored yellow, green or pink colors, are attached in a prominent place or hung from the ceiling at the entrance, so that the deity of the New Year - Tosigami, “entering the house”, immediately begins his “duties”, namely, taking care of the hospitable hosts in the coming year.

The arrival of the New Year at midnight from December 31 to January 1 has been announced for more than a millennium by 108 bells that are heard at midnight. According to the Buddhist religion, a person is burdened with six main vices: greed, greed, anger, stupidity, frivolity and indecision. Each vice has 18 shades. And every ring of the bell on New Year's Eve frees the Japanese from one of these misfortunes. With the last blow, the Japanese go to bed, so that they can get up before dawn and greet the new year with the first rays of the sun. It is believed that it is at these moments that people arrive in Japan on their magic ship. seven gods of happiness . The family New Year's dinner, which begins on the evening before the New Year, is also of great importance. Dinner is quiet and orderly without noisy conversations or drinking songs. Nothing should distract you from thinking about the future

The morning of January 1st begins for every resident of Japan with reading congratulations (nengadze) and scrupulously checking the correspondence of the list of sent postcards and the list of received ones. If there are discrepancies, then the missing congratulations are sent immediately. In the afternoon, it is customary for the Japanese to visit people. By the way, according to custom, in this country it is not customary to come to visit without notifying the hosts in advance. However, it happens that a person simply leaves his business card on a tray specially placed for this purpose

New Year in Germany

Saint Nicholas Day

In December, Germans celebrate the arrival of the holiday - St. Nicholas Day.

On this day, it is customary to put children's shoes and shoes outside the door so that Nikolaus puts gifts in them. The next morning, as a rule, they decorate the Christmas tree.

Christmas

Christmas is a religious holiday, therefore German families go to work, after which a festive table and traditional goose with apples and cabbage await them at home

Fish is a must-have New Year's dish in Germany. Most often they cook herring or carp; their scales look like coins and symbolize wealth. They say that it is useful to carry a few circles of this scale in your wallet to attract financial luck

New Year's hero - Vainakhtsman

Vainakhtsman, wearing a fur coat turned inside out and belted with a chain, who carries a bag of gifts and a basket with rods, and Christkind, a girl in white, come to the children. According to tradition, pranksters, for whom rods are intended instead of gifts, can correct themselves on New Year's Day and receive a gift from Vainakhtsman if they tell kind Christkind a poem

The real Finnish Santa Claus lives in the very north of Finland, near the Arctic Circle. His name is Joulupukki. "Joulu" means Christmas in Finnish, and "pukki" means goat. According to legend, many years ago, Santa Claus dressed in goat skin for the holiday, and then delivered gifts on the goat. Since then, Santa Claus began to bear the “goat” name. True, now it is perceived as "Grandfather Christmas"

You need to knock on the huge gates of Grandfather’s house three times, and then they will open (this is the tradition). Outside the gates, tourists are greeted by a gnome doorman and a house guide. He takes guests through the entire Christmas village straight to Santa Claus. Mistress of the house Snow Maiden (among the Finns she is not Grandfather’s daughter,

and his young wife) gives gifts to children. The adults are watching at this time

how gnomes bake gingerbread and prepare gifts for Christmas

Father Frost's workshop is also located in Lapland, in the town of Napapiiri, near the city of Rovaniemi, right on the Arctic Circle

Before going to Santa Claus, you should notify him about this by letter.

The address is: 96930, Finland, Rovaniemi, Arctic Circle, Father Frost (or Santa Claus) workshop.

The village of Father Frost consists of three main institutions: the office of Father Frost, shopping arcades with souvenirs ("Village of Craftsmen") and the Central Post Office, where gnomes rustle, sorting bags of letters (absolutely real), and maintain strict computer records and control. From here you can send a postcard to your friends, having it endorsed with the personal seal of Grandfather Frost himself.

Santa Claus is the main character of the Christmas holiday in Finland. From the capital of Finland to Korvatunturi (translated as Mountain Ear), where Father Frost lives, is almost a thousand kilometers

First you need to get to the city of Kaijani in north-eastern Finland, and from there you can only go by sled or snowmobile. On the way there is a stop at a hospitable tent, where all tourists are fed lunch

New Year

Christmas Day

in Finland

it is also noted

but on a smaller scale.

And they meet him most often,

at a party or in a restaurant,

as well as fresh

air

usually time

rest and peace.

The next day

traditionally visit

guests

or restaurant

The fun starts right away

darkness. On trees and fences

hanging colorful lanterns.

There are fireworks everywhere,

firecrackers and firecrackers thunder, bright fires burn,

who gather different fairy-tale characters

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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“How to celebrate the New Year in different countries peace." Prepared by teacher Metlenko Daria Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 1 in Aramil.

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The purpose of my work: - to collect and analyze information about the celebration of the New Year in different countries of the world.

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New Year is the children's favorite holiday. Even before the arrival of the New Year, New Year's markets open everywhere, lights on Christmas trees are turned on, and the streets are decorated with illuminations. In every home, children and adults prepare for his arrival. At midnight on December 31, with the last stroke of the clock, the New Year begins. In the morning, under the Christmas tree, children find gifts left by Father Frost and Snow Maiden. This happens in Russia. What about in other countries?

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Italy In Italy, the New Year begins on January 6th. All the Italian kids are looking forward to good fairy Befanu. She flies in at night on a magic broom, opens the doors with a small golden key and, entering the room where the children sleep, fills the children's stockings, specially hung from the fireplace, with gifts. For those who have studied poorly or been naughty, Befana leaves a pinch of ash or coal. It's a shame, but he deserved it! Babbo Natale - Italian Santa Claus. In Italy, it is believed that the New Year should begin, freed from everything old. Therefore, on New Year's Eve it is customary to throw old things out of windows. You have to be careful if you don't want an iron or a straw chair to fall on your head. It is believed that new things will certainly take the vacated space. The following custom has long existed in the Italian provinces: on January 1, early in the morning you need to bring home “new water” from the source. “If you have nothing to give to your friends,” the Italians say, “give them “new water” with an olive branch.” It is believed that “new water” brings happiness. For Italians, it is also important who they meet first in the new year. If on January 1 the first person an Italian sees is a monk or priest, that’s bad. It is also undesirable to meet a small child, but meeting a nice grandfather is good. And it’s even better if he’s hunchbacked... Then the New Year will definitely be happy!

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England In England, Father Frost is called Santa Claus. On New Year's Day, theaters stage performances based on old English fairy tales for children. Lord Disorder leads a cheerful carnival procession, in which fairy-tale characters take part: Hobby Horse, March Hare, Humpty Dumpty, Punch and others. Throughout New Year's Eve, street vendors sell toys, whistles, squeakers, masks, Balloons. In England, the custom arose of exchanging for the New Year greeting cards. First New Year card was printed in London in 1843. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for the donkey. In England, a bell announces the arrival of the New Year. True, he starts calling a little earlier than midnight and does it in a “whisper” - the blanket with which he is wrapped prevents him from demonstrating all his power. But at exactly twelve the bells are undressed, and they begin to loudly sing hymns to the New Year. At these moments, lovers, in order not to separate next year, must kiss under a mistletoe branch, which is considered a magical tree.

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China The Chinese New Year is fundamentally different from the calendar calendar we are used to, if only in that every year its celebration falls on different numbers. This is due to the fact that the Eastern New Year begins on the first spring new moon, and therefore it is not tied to the change of date in the calendar, but directly depends on the movement of our companion, the Moon. In China, on New Year's Eve, countless small lanterns are lit on the streets and squares. The Chinese deliberately set off firecrackers and fireworks on New Year's Day. As legend has it, at this time bad spirits, expelled from different places, fly throughout China. They are looking for shelter for next year. And firecrackers and fireworks, according to legend, scare away spirits, and thereby prevent them from moving into a new house. As soon as dinner is over, according to tradition, adults give children money in red envelopes. This money is supposed to bring them happiness in the new year. Like all peoples of the world, the Chinese begin to visit each other after celebrating the New Year. And therefore, when going to someone, the Chinese always take two tangerines with them. In Chinese pronunciation, the phrase “two tangerines” is similar to the word “gold”. Therefore, if you receive two tangerines as a gift, this means that you are automatically wished a prosperous year. But, having received the orange fruit, you must also take two tangerines from your table and give them to your guests in order to wish them an equally successful year...

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Japan Japanese children celebrate the New Year in new clothes. It is believed to bring health and good luck in the New Year. On New Year's Eve, Japanese children hide under their pillow a picture of a sailboat on which seven fairy-tale wizards are sailing - the seven patrons of happiness. One hundred and eight rings of the bell herald the arrival of the New Year in Japan. According to a long-standing belief, each ringing “kills” one of the human vices. According to the Japanese, there are only six of them (greed, anger, stupidity, frivolity, indecision, envy), but each has 18 different shades - and the Japanese bell tolls for them. In the first seconds of the New Year, you should laugh - this should bring good luck. And so that happiness comes into the house, the Japanese decorate it, or rather the front door, with branches of bamboo and pine - symbols of longevity and fidelity. Every family prepares a New Year's treat called mochi - koloboks, flatbreads, and rolls made from rice flour. And in the morning, when the New Year comes into its own, the Japanese go out of their houses into the street to greet the sunrise. At first light they congratulate each other and give gifts. Japanese Santa Claus is called Segatsu-san - Mr. New Year. Favorite New Year's entertainment girls play shuttlecock, and boys launch a traditional kite. In Japan, lucky amulets such as rakes are in great demand among New Year's accessories. Every Japanese believes that it is necessary to have them in order to have something to rake in happiness for the New Year. Bamboo rakes - kumade - are made from 10 cm to 1.5 m in size and are decorated with various designs and talismans.

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Sweden And in Sweden, before the New Year, children choose the Queen of Light, Lucia. She is dressed up in White dress, a crown with lit candles is put on the head. Lucia brings gifts for children and treats for pets: cream for the cat, a sugar bone for the dog, and carrots for the donkey. On a festive night, the lights in the houses do not go out, the streets are brightly lit.

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Colombia Main character New Year's carnival in Colombia - Old Year. He walks around in the crowd on high stilts and tells funny stories to children. Papa Pasquale is the Colombian Santa Claus. No one knows how to make fireworks better than him.

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Vietnam New Year, Spring Festival, Tet - all these are the names of the most fun Vietnamese holiday. The branches of a blossoming peach - a symbol of the New Year - should be in every home. Children eagerly wait for midnight, when they can start firing small homemade firecrackers.

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Nepal In Nepal, New Year is celebrated at sunrise. At night, when the moon is full, Nepalese people light huge fires and throw unnecessary things into the fire. The next day, the Festival of Colors begins, and then the whole country turns into a huge rainbow. People paint their faces, arms, and chests with unusual patterns, and then dance and sing songs in the streets.

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France French Santa Claus - Père Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. Per Noel's companion is Per Fouetard, a grandfather with rods, who reminds Per Noel how the child behaved during the year and what he deserves more - gifts or a spanking. The one who gets the bean baked into the New Year's pie receives the title of "bean king" and on the festive night everyone obeys his orders. According to tradition, a good winemaker must clink glasses with a barrel of wine, congratulate it on the holiday and drink to the future harvest. On this holiday, the French walk very noisily, eat a lot, have fun and wait for the arrival of the New Year. The French go out into the street fancy dress, they are called Sylvester Clauses.

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Ireland Irish Christmas is more of a religious holiday than just entertainment. Lighted candles are placed near the window on the evening before Christmas to help Joseph and Mary if they are looking for shelter. Irish women bake a special treat called "seed cake" for each family member. They also make three puddings - one for Christmas, another for New Year's and a third for Epiphany Eve. In Ireland, on the evening before New Year's Eve, everyone opens the doors of their homes. Anyone who wishes can enter and will be a welcome guest. He will be treated and presented with a glass of wine with the words: “For peace in this house and in the whole world!” The next day a holiday is celebrated at home. An interesting old Irish tradition is to give a piece of coal for good luck.

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Finland In snowy Finland, the main winter holiday Christmas is considered to be celebrated on December 25th. On Christmas night, having overcome long way From Lapland, Santa Claus comes to homes, leaving a large basket of gifts for the joy of the children. New Year is a kind of repetition of Christmas. Once again the whole family gathers around a table bursting with a variety of dishes. On New Year's Eve, Finns try to find out their future and tell fortunes by melting wax and then pouring it into cold water.

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Germany To celebrate the New Year in Germany, houses are decorated with colorful garlands, pine wreaths and Santa Claus figurines. In Germany, Santa Claus appears on a donkey. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for his donkey. On New Year's Day in Germany, there is a funny tradition: as soon as the clock begins to strike twelve times, people of any age climb onto chairs, tables, armchairs and, with the last strike, all together, with joyful screams, “jump” into the New Year. After this, the celebration moves outside. One curious sign is associated with the New Year in Germany. It's good luck to meet a chimney sweep on New Year's Eve. But if he still manages to get dirty in soot, then he is guaranteed to have constant luck!

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Cuba Children's New Year's holiday in Cuba is called Kings Day. The wizard kings who bring gifts to children are named Balthazar, Gaspar and Melchor. The day before, children write letters to them in which they tell them about their cherished desires. On New Year's Eve, Cubans fill all the dishes in the house with water, and at midnight they begin to pour it out of the windows. Thus, all residents of Liberty Island wish the New Year a bright and clear path, like water. In the meantime, while the clock strikes 12 strokes, you need to eat 12 grapes, and then goodness, harmony, prosperity and peace will accompany you all twelve months.

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Panama There are numerous New Year's traditions in Panama, which Panamanians are very sensitive to and pass on to future generations. One of the most common customs for the New Year is to celebrate it as noisily as possible. When the New Year arrives, an unimaginable noise arises: cars are honking, people are screaming, dogs are barking... In the middle of the night it becomes very light - people are setting off fireworks and firecrackers everywhere. According to ancient belief, noise and light ward off evil. It is very popular to burn various dolls and mannequins at the stake, which are made by hand from paper, straw and other materials. By burning dolls at the stake, residents of Panama see off old year, and with it all sorts of misfortunes, adversities, failures and illnesses. And, of course, on New Year's Day Panamanians cannot do without visits. On this day, people visit their relatives and friends to congratulate them on the holiday and wish them good luck in the coming year.

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Hungary In Hungary, during the “fateful” first second of the New Year, they prefer to whistle - using not their fingers, but children’s pipes, horns, and whistles. It is believed that they are the ones who drive away evil spirits from the home and call for joy and prosperity. When preparing for the holiday, Hungarians do not forget about the magical power of New Year's dishes: beans and pears preserve the strength of spirit and body, apples - beauty and love, nuts can protect from harm, garlic - from diseases, and honey - sweeten life.

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Canada New Year is celebrated calmly and peacefully. Many people spend this holiday as an ordinary day of rest. Traditionally, Canadians celebrate this holiday not at the table, but on the street, among friends and acquaintances, or at cheerful friendly parties. But for many, the meeting of the first minutes of the coming year remains family holiday, regardless of where it is held - at home or outside. On the main square of Toronto, a city that is the center of culture and business in Canada, on the evening of December 31, a concert is traditionally held to celebrate the New Year. This colorful entertainment show, in which famous presenters, singers, and performers take part, is exciting and fun every time. It ends when the clock strikes exactly midnight. After the festive concert, the New Year's fun focuses on the skating rink in the city center, where music continues to play for a long time, and skating, so beloved by Canadians, continues.

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India In different parts of India, New Year is celebrated at different times of the year. At the beginning of summer there is Lori holiday. Children collect dry branches, straw, and old things from the house in advance. In the evening, large bonfires are lit, around which people dance and sing. And when autumn comes, Diwali is celebrated - the festival of lights. Thousands of lamps are placed on the roofs of houses and on window sills and lit on the festive night. The girls float small boats across the water, with lights on them too.

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Israel New Year (Rosh Hashanah) is celebrated in Israel on the first two days of the month of Tishrei (September). Rosh Hashanah is the anniversary of the creation of the world and the beginning of the reign of God. On this day, the acceptance of God as ruler is reaffirmed. The New Year holiday is a day of intense prayers and low-key fun. According to custom, on the eve of the holiday they eat special food: apples with honey, pomegranate, fish, as a symbolic expression of hopes for the coming year. Each meal is accompanied by a short prayer. Generally, it is customary to eat sweet foods and abstain from bitter foods. On the first day of the New Year, it is customary to go to the water and say the Tashlikh prayer.

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Burma In Burma, the New Year falls between April 12 and April 17. The Ministry of Culture notifies the exact day of the celebration by a special order, and the holiday lasts three days. According to ancient beliefs, the rain gods live on the stars. Sometimes they gather at the edge of the sky to play with each other. And then it rains on the earth, which promises a rich harvest. To gain the favor of the star spirits, the Burmese came up with a competition - tug of war. Men from two villages take part in them, and in the city - from two streets. And women and children applaud and shout, urging on the lazy rain spirits.

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Czech Republic and Slovakia A cheerful man, dressed in a shaggy fur coat, a tall sheepskin hat, with a box on his back, comes to Czech and Slovak children. His name is Mikulas. For those who studied well, he always has gifts.

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Ukraine In Ukraine, New Year's Eve was called "generous evening." Children walked from house to house, carried a large straw doll, Kolyada, congratulated the owners, sang songs - “shchedrovki” or “carols”. Guests were given gifts - horses, cows, and cockerels baked from dough.

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Holland Santa Claus arrives in Holland on a ship. The children joyfully greet him at the pier. Santa Claus loves funny pranks and surprises and often gives children marzipan fruits, toys, and candy flowers.

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Scotland In Scotland, more precisely, in some villages of this country, the New Year is celebrated with a kind of torchlight procession: barrels of tar are set on fire and rolled through the streets. In this way, the Scots “burn” the old year and light the way for the new one. The morning of the New Year is even more important for them than New Year's Eve itself: after all, the well-being of the owners depends on who is the first to enter the house on this day. It is believed that a dark-haired man who comes with a gift brings happiness.

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Afghanistan Nowruz, the Afghan New Year, falls on March 21. This is the time when agricultural work begins. The village elder makes the first furrow in the field. On the same day, fun fairs open, where magicians, tightrope walkers, and musicians perform.

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Ethiopia New Year in Ethiopia begins on September 11th. It coincides with the end of the big rains and the beginning of the harvest. On New Year's Eve there are festive processions, funny Games and festivities, the bravest compete in jumping over fire.

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Austria Here, the modern custom of gifts and greetings for the New Year was widespread at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries. Now it is customary to give figurines or send postcards with traditional symbols of happiness - soottruss, four-leaf clover, pig. Dinner on December 31st should be rich so that you can live well in the new year. Jellied pig or pork was a mandatory meat dish. They believed that in order to be happy, you need to eat a piece of the head or snout of a pig - this is called “taking part in the pig’s happiness.”

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Bulgaria In Bulgaria, people traditionally celebrate the New Year at home. Before the holiday begins, the youngest person in the house stands near the Christmas tree and sings carols to the guests. Grateful relatives and guests give him gifts. The most interesting thing begins with the 12th strike of the clock. At this time, the lights in the houses go out for a moment for New Year's kisses. Only after this does the hostess begin to cut the pie with surprises baked in it. If you get a coin - expect wealth, a rose branch - love. The same surprise cake tradition is common in Romania.

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Brazil On New Year's Eve, residents of Rio de Janeiro go to the ocean and bring gifts to the Goddess of the Sea Yemanja. The traditional white clothes that everyone wears to celebrate the New Year symbolize the prayer for peace addressed to Yemanja. The Goddess of the Sea was worshiped by the descendants of Africans who were once brought into slavery in galleys to Brazil. Now the worship of this goddess has become part of Brazilian culture. Believers bring gifts to the goddess: flowers, white candles, perfumes, mirrors, Jewelry. Gifts are placed in small boats and sent out to sea as a sign of gratitude for the past year and as a request for protection in the coming year. Other colors are sometimes added to white clothes, meaning additional requests: health - pink, hope - green, attraction, love - red, prosperity - yellow or gold.

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Lazareva Lidiya Andreevna, teacher primary classes, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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New Year is a truly international holiday, but different countries celebrate it in their own way. Italians throw old irons and chairs out of windows with all the southern passion, Panamanians try to make as much noise as possible, for which they turn on the sirens of their cars, whistle and shout. In Ecuador, they attach special importance to underwear, which brings love and money; in Bulgaria, they turn off the lights because the first minutes of the New Year are the time for New Year's kisses. In Japan, instead of 12, the bell rings 108 times, and the best New Year's accessory is considered to be a rake - to rake in good fortune. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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New Year is the most mysterious holiday, opening up to us a world of good fairy tales and magic. Trusting kids, busy teenagers, serious adults and superstitious grannies - everyone is counting the minutes until the holiday. Fussy Japanese, reserved English, hot Finns and loving French - everyone celebrates the New Year. Everyone is waiting for Father Frost, Santa Claus and Julia Tomten, making wishes and giving gifts. About where, how, what, how many... Santa Clauses, gifts, surprises, kisses... this page will tell you. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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Finland Sweden France Cyprus Romania Mongolia USA, Canada, Great Britain Italy Uzbekistan Muslim countries Spain Estonia Russia Origin of Santa Claus Wishes China Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In Rus', the famous grandfather, Father Frost, Red Nose Frost, Voivode Frost, is St. Nicholas, Nicholas the Wonderworker. His clothing has long been a long red and white fur coat. Santa Claus has a long white beard and holds a staff in his hands. He comes to visit not only with gifts, but also with his granddaughter Snegurochka. Veliky Ustyug several years ago was named the Patrimony of Father Frost himself. New Year in Veliky Ustyug is a real celebration of life. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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There are quite a lot of traditions for celebrating the New Year in Russia. But what’s interesting is that most of them are borrowed from Western culture. This is apparently explained by two reasons: firstly, the arrival of Christianity in Slavic Rus' completely, or almost completely destroyed the pagan traditions of welcoming the new year and seeing off the old one. Secondly, the nobility and nobility imported new Western customs into Russia, which were subsequently adopted by the common people and became popular. Moreover, each era brought something new. From the times of Slavic paganism we inherited mummers, buffoons and jesters. The era of Peter the Great and subsequent reformer rulers brought christmas tree with toys, fireworks, Santa Claus and New Year's table(they didn’t know pickles like Olivier salads and vinaigrette before him, they made do with porridge and pies). And the country of the Soviets gave us Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, the obligatory Champagne with tangerines on the table and the striking of the Chimes. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In the USA, Canada, Great Britain and Western Europe, he is called Santa Claus. He is dressed in a red jacket trimmed with white fur and red trousers. There is a red cap on the head. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In Finland, New Year's grandfather is called Joulupkki. He wears a tall cone-shaped hat, long hair and red clothes. He is surrounded by gnomes in peaked hats and capes trimmed with white fur. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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And in Estonia, Santa Claus is called Jyuluvan and he looks like his Finnish relative. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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There are two Santa Clauses in Sweden: a stooped grandfather with a knobby nose - Yultomten and the dwarf Yulnissaar. Both of them go from house to house on New Year’s Eve and leave gifts on the windowsills. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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There are also two Santa Clauses in France. One is called Père-Noël, which means Father Christmas. He is kind and brings gifts to the children in a basket. The second one is called Chalande. This bearded old man wears a fur hat and a warm traveling cloak. His basket contains rods for naughty and lazy children. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In Cyprus, Santa Claus is called Vasily. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In Italy, old lady Befana comes to the children. On New Year's Eve, she flies into houses through the chimney and brings gifts to good children, while the naughty ones get only ashes. New Year's holidays in Italy fall at the end of December - beginning of January. In all cities, the streets are brightly lit, celebrations and concerts are held. In Venice, for example, the lions guarding the palazzo are given caps and beards glued on their heads, Christmas trees in pots are placed on all balconies, sails with the image of Santa Claus appear on yachts. In Rome, Christmas trees are installed in squares and decorated with toys and flowers; shop windows, restaurants and house balconies are decorated with garlands with red ribbons. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In the Basque Country, Father Christmas is called Olentzero. He is dressed in national homespun clothes and carries with him a flask of good Spanish wine. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In Romania, the “snow grandfather” is called Mos Jerile. He is very similar to our Santa Claus. According to Romanian beliefs, on New Year's Eve, Christmas, Epiphany and Easter, the heavens open for a moment. Anyone who saw this could ask God for whatever he wanted. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In Mongolia, Santa Claus looks like a shepherd. He is dressed in a shaggy fur coat and a large fox hat. On his side is a snuffbox, flint and steel, and in his hands is a long whip. In Mongolia, as paradoxical as it may seem at first glance, a rake is an invariable attribute of the New Year. With these rakes, the Mongols apparently “rakes in happiness” on New Year’s Eve. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In Uzbekistan his name is Kerbobo. He is dressed in a striped robe and a red skullcap. Kerbobo enters the villages on a donkey loaded with bags of New Year's gifts. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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In early May, an old man named Khyzyr Ilyas comes to Muslim countries with gifts. He wears a red cap entwined with a green scarf and a green robe with flowers embroidered on it. Unlike the European New Year's Eve, Nowruz is usually celebrated during the day, but still with family. In Iran, seven items are traditionally placed on the New Year's table, the names of which begin with the letter "s". These necessarily include green sprouted grains (saben), bread (sangak), plates with colored eggs and a vessel in which fish swim. Be sure to prepare a ritual dish called samani from the juice of sprouted wheat grains and gata (a type of cookie) with a magical bead of happiness. Whoever gets the bead will have good luck and happiness all year long. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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Chinese Santa Claus is called very simply: Dong Che Lao Ren, Shan Dan Laozhen or Sho Hin. There are a lot of Chinese children, and Shan Dan Laozhen has more than enough work on New Year's Eve. But he will definitely come to every child and leave a gift for him. Shan Dan Laozhen is a wise old man, he wears silk robes, has a long beard, and has studied Confucius, Wushu and Aikido. He travels around the country riding a donkey. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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Just think that the ancestors of Santa Claus in different countries are considered to be gnomes and troubadours singing songs at Christmas, and wandering sellers of children's toys. There is an opinion that among the relatives of Father Frost is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, aka Studenets, Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over the centuries, and each nation has made its own contribution to the image of this character. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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Let's try to determine the main features of the Russian Santa Claus corresponding to both historical and modern ideas about this fabulous wizard. According to one of the researchers of the image of Father Frost, the traditional appearance of Father Frost, according to ancient mythology and color symbolism, suggests: Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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The beard and hair are thick, gray (silver). These details of appearance, in addition to their “physiological” meaning (the old man is gray-haired), also have a huge symbolic character, denoting power, happiness, prosperity and wealth. Surprisingly, hair is the only detail of the appearance that has not undergone any significant changes over the millennia. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

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The shirt and trousers are white, linen, decorated with white geometric patterns, symbolizing purity. Lidiya Andreevna Lazareva, primary school teacher, Riga Basic School “PARDAUGAVA”, Riga, Latvia

New Year New Year is the most mysterious holiday, opening up to us a world of good fairy tales and magic. Trusting kids, busy teenagers, serious adults and superstitious grannies - everyone is counting the minutes until the holiday. Fussy Japanese, reserved English, hot Finns and loving French - everyone celebrates the New Year. Everyone is waiting for Father Frost, Santa Claus and Julia Tomten, making wishes and giving gifts.

Russia Father Frost and Snow Maiden New Year New Year is the most favorite holiday for children. Every child is waiting for some gifts. In every family, children with great joy decorate their rooms, prepare New Year's cards, write letters to Santa Claus, decorate the Christmas tree and wait for an extraordinary miracle, and suddenly at that moment the door of the room opens and on the threshold are Father Frost and the Snow Maiden. This is how the New Year is celebrated in Russia.

In Russia, the New Year tree was introduced by Peter 1. On January 1, 1700, he ordered that all houses be decorated with spruce (juniper or pine) branches according to the samples exhibited in Gostiny Dvor. We have a Christmas tree. And in Vietnam it is replaced by peach branches. In Japan, bamboo and plum branches are attached to pine branches.

China. You need to douse yourself with water while they congratulate you. Preserved in China. new year tradition Buddha bathing. On this day, all Buddha statues in temples and monasteries are respectfully washed in clean water from mountain springs. And the people themselves douse themselves with water at the moment when others say to them new year wishes happiness. Therefore, on this holiday, everyone walks the streets in thoroughly wet clothes. On New Year's Day, red color predominates everywhere - the color of the sun, the color of joy.

Greece. Guests carry stones - large and small. In Greece, guests take with them a large stone, which they throw at the threshold, saying the words: “May the wealth of the owner be as heavy as this stone.” And if they don’t get a big stone, they throw a small stone with the words: “Let the thorn in the owner’s eye be as small as this stone.” New Year is the day of St. Basil, who was known for his kindness. Greek children leave their shoes by the fireplace in the hope that St. Basil will fill the shoes with gifts.

Cuba. They pour water out of the windows. On New Year's Eve, Cubans fill all the dishes in the house with water, and at midnight they start pouring it out of the windows. This is how all the residents of Liberty Island wish the New Year a bright and clear path, like water. In the meantime, while the clock strikes 12 strokes, you need to eat 12 grapes, and then goodness, harmony, prosperity and peace will accompany you all twelve months. Children's New Year's holiday in Cuba is called Kings Day. The Cuban New Year is similar to ours, only here instead of a Christmas tree they decorate araucaria - a local coniferous plant

Italy. On New Year's Day, irons and old chairs fly from the windows. Italian Santa Claus - Babbo Natale. In Italy, it is believed that the New Year should begin, freed from everything old. Therefore, on New Year's Eve it is customary to throw old things out of windows. Italians really like this custom, and they fulfill it with the passion characteristic of southerners: old irons, chairs and other rubbish fly out the window. According to signs, new things will certainly take the vacated space. In Italy, the New Year begins on January 6th.

Germany. Santa Claus comes to the Germans on a donkey. In Germany, they believe that Santa Claus appears on a donkey on New Year's Day. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for his donkey. The custom of bringing a Christmas tree home and decorating it arose in the 16th century in Germany. Since then, a Christmas tree has been installed in every home on New Year's Day.

France. A bean is baked into a gingerbread French Santa Claus - Père Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. The one who gets the bean baked into the New Year's pie receives the title of "bean king" and on the festive night everyone obeys his orders.

Finland Joulupukki. Christmas Goat. Finnish Santa Claus, who is considered the most real in the world, is actually called quite funny - Joulupukki. This is translated, oddly enough, as Christmas Goat. There is nothing offensive in the second part of the name, it’s just that many years ago Santa Claus wore not a fur coat, but a goat’s skin and also delivered gifts on a goat. On New Year's Eve, having overcome a long journey from Lapland, Father Frost comes to homes, leaving a large basket of gifts for the joy of the children.

Panama The Loudest New Year In Panama at midnight, when the New Year is just beginning, all the bells ring, sirens howl, cars honk. The Panamanians themselves - both children and adults - at this time shout loudly and knock on everything they can get their hands on. And all this noise is to “appease” the year that is coming.

India. New Year - the festival of lights In different parts of India, New Year is celebrated at different times of the year. At the beginning of summer there is Lori holiday. Children collect dry branches, straw, and old things from the house in advance. In the evening, large bonfires are lit, around which people dance and sing. And when autumn comes, Diwali is celebrated - the festival of lights. Thousands of lamps are placed on the roofs of houses and on window sills and lit on the festive night. The girls float small boats across the water, with lights on them too.

America Greeting Card Record Holder America annually breaks all records for greeting cards and New Year's gifts. On Christmas night, groups of boys and girls with lanterns in their hands carry from house to house a large cardboard star decorated with pieces of colored paper. Children sing funny songs, and residents offer them refreshing drinks and treat them with sweets.

Japan. Best gift- a rake to rake in happiness The most popular New Year's accessory is a rake. Every Japanese believes that it is necessary to have them in order to have something to rake in happiness for the New Year. In the first seconds of the New Year, you should laugh - this should bring good luck. In the morning, when the New Year comes into its own, the Japanese go out of their houses into the street to greet the sunrise. At first light they congratulate each other and give gifts.

England The tradition of “letting in the New Year” The custom of “letting in the New Year” is widespread in the British Isles. When the clock strikes 12, the back door of the house is opened to let out the Old Year, and with the last stroke of the clock, the front door is opened to let in the New Year. Throughout New Year's Eve, street vendors sell toys, whistles, squeakers, masks, and balloons. In England, the custom arose of exchanging greeting cards for the New Year.

New Year in Spain is a public holiday. After all, it is on this night that lovers of ritual rites and traditions rush to the central square to the huge Christmas tree to enjoy grapes. During the striking of the clock, each of the thousand gathered around the tree tries to eat 12 grapes. Each grape symbolizes one of the coming months, and having time to eat all 12 is a “guaranteed” fulfillment of your cherished desire. This funny tradition also applies to those who celebrate the New Year at home. Grapes are placed on each plate.

In Bulgaria, it is traditional to celebrate the New Year at home. Before the holiday begins, the youngest person in the house stands near the Christmas tree and sings carols to the guests. In gratitude, kind uncles and aunts give him gifts. The fun begins at the 12th stroke of the clock. At this time, the lights in the houses go out for a moment for New Year's kisses. Only after this does the hostess begin to cut the pie with surprises baked in it. If you get a coin, expect wealth, a sprig of roses - love.

In Vietnam, New Year is celebrated according to lunar calendar, between January 21 and February 19, when it comes here early spring. There are bouquets of flowers at the festive table. On New Year's Eve, it is customary to give each other peach tree branches with swollen buds. At dusk, Vietnamese people light bonfires in parks, gardens or on the streets, and several families gather around the bonfires. Special rice delicacies are cooked over coals. Children eagerly wait for midnight, when they can start firing small homemade firecrackers.

In different parts of India, New Year is celebrated at different times of the year. At the beginning of summer there is Lori holiday. Children collect dry branches, straw, and old things from the house in advance. In the evening, large bonfires are lit, around which people dance and sing. And when autumn comes, Diwali is celebrated - the festival of lights. Thousands of lamps are placed on the roofs of houses and on window sills and lit on the festive night. The girls float small boats across the water, with lights on them too. Residents of northern India decorate themselves with flowers in shades of pink, red, purple or white. In south India, mothers place sweets, flowers and small gifts on a special tray. On New Year's morning, children wait with their eyes closed until they are led to the tray. Only then do they receive their gifts.

The first New Year's card It was in England that the custom of exchanging greeting cards for the New Year arose. The first New Year's card was printed in London in 1843. On New Year's Eve, performances based on English fairy tales are staged on the central streets. At exactly midnight, the British go out into the courtyard and launch celebratory rockets. But unlike Russia, the British are surrounded not by white snowdrifts, but by neatly trimmed lawns. Santa Claus delivers gifts to children. Children write in advance a list of what they would like to receive. The letter is thrown into the fireplace so that the smoke from the chimney delivers a list of wishes to Santa Claus.

The custom of decorating the New Year tree The custom of decorating the New Year tree was born in Germany. As soon as the clock begins to strike midnight, people jump up on chairs, tables, armchairs and, with the last strike, unanimously jump into the New Year with joyful greetings. In Germany, they believe that Santa Claus appears on a donkey on New Year's Day. Before going to bed, children put a plate on the table for the gifts that Santa Claus will bring them, and put hay in their shoes - a treat for his donkey.

Santa Claus In the USA, Canada, Great Britain and Western Europe, Father Frost is called Santa Claus. He is dressed in a red jacket trimmed with white fur and red trousers. There is a red cap on the head. Santa Claus smokes a pipe, travels through the air on reindeer, and enters a house through a pipe. Children leave milk and cookies for him under the tree.

Czech Republic and Slovakia Czech Republic and Slovakia Santa Claus in a lamb's hat A cheerful man, dressed in a shaggy fur coat, a tall lamb's hat, with a box on his back, comes to Czech and Slovak children. His name is Mikulas. For those who studied well, he will always have gifts

Santa Clauses bring gifts, but each one does it in his own way: the Russian Santa Claus puts a gift under the tree. The English and Irish find gifts in a sock, and Mexicans find gifts in a shoe. New Year gifts they fall down a chimney in France, and onto a balcony in Spain. In Sweden, Santa Claus puts gifts near the stove, and in Germany he leaves them on the windowsill. Santa Clauses, they are all so different. Look differently, one is kind, and the other can scold. Everyone has their own personal way of getting into a holiday home. But no matter what Santa Claus is, he is there to congratulate and give a gift!

In snowy Finland, the main winter holiday is Christmas, which is celebrated on December 25th. On Christmas night, having overcome a long journey from Lapland, Father Frost comes to homes, leaving a large basket of gifts for the joy of the children. Santa Claus wears a tall cone-shaped hat, long hair and red clothes. He is surrounded by gnomes in peaked hats and capes trimmed with white fur. New Year is a kind of repetition of Christmas. Once again the whole family gathers around a table bursting with a variety of dishes. On New Year's Eve, Finns try to find out their future and tell fortunes by melting wax and then pouring it into cold water. Girls throw a shoe over their shoulder on New Year's Day. If he falls toe towards the door, there will be a wedding.

108 strikes of the bell herald the arrival of the New Year in Japan. In the first seconds of the New Year, you should laugh - this should bring good luck. And so that happiness comes into the house, the Japanese decorate it, or rather the front door, with branches of bamboo and pine - symbols of longevity and fidelity. Pine represents longevity, bamboo - fidelity. In the morning, when the New Year comes into its own, the Japanese go out of their houses into the street to greet the sunrise. At first light they congratulate each other and give gifts. Japanese children celebrate the New Year in new clothes. It is believed to bring health and good luck in the New Year. On New Year's Eve, they hide under their pillow a picture of a sailboat on which seven fairy-tale wizards are sailing - the seven patrons of happiness. Ice palaces and castles, huge snow sculptures fairy-tale heroes Northern Japanese cities are decorated for the New Year.

Sources of information and Internet resources html Sources of information and Internet resources html php B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0 %BD%D0%B8%D0%B vo_v_ispanii/ jpg Chekulaeva E.O. A magical holiday of all peoples.- M: Linka-Press, B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0% B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0 %BD%D0%B8%D0%B8 vo_v_ispanii/ jpg

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New Year We all look forward to December 31st - the day when we celebrate the end of the old year and the beginning of a new one. New Year is the most fun party, which has long been celebrated by people all over the planet. But in every country they treat it differently.

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Russia There are quite a lot of traditions for celebrating the New Year in Russia, and most of them are borrowed from Western culture. The era of Peter the Great and subsequent reformer rulers brought a New Year tree with toys, fireworks, Santa Claus and a New Year's table. And the country of the Soviets gave us Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, the obligatory Champagne with tangerines on the table and the striking of the Chimes.

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Germany New Year's gifts in Germany are given to children not by Santa Claus, but by a Christmas man named Weinachtsman, who comes to visit along with the quiet and charming Christkind. On New Year's Eve, before going to bed, little children prepare a special plate for gifts, and as usual they put hay in their shoes for the donkey on which Vainakhtsman will bring them gifts. On New Year's Day in Germany, there is a funny tradition: as soon as the clock begins to strike twelve times, people of any age climb onto chairs, tables, armchairs and, with the last strike, all together, with joyful screams, “jump” into the New Year. After this, the celebration moves outside. One curious sign is associated with the New Year in Germany. It's good luck to meet a chimney sweep on New Year's Eve. But if you still manage to get dirty in soot, then constant luck is guaranteed!

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England In this country, the arrival of the New Year is announced by the bell of the famous Big Ben. True, he begins to beat a little earlier than 12 o'clock and does it quietly at first, because he is covered with a blanket, and this robe prevents him from showing all his power. But exactly at midnight the bells are undressed and they begin to ring loudly, announcing to the people the coming of the New Year. By the way, according to tradition, before the bell rings, the British open the back doors of their houses, and then open entrance doors to usher in the new year. The center of New Year's celebrations is Trafalgar Square. Thousands of people always gather there to celebrate the New Year, and a Christmas tree is erected. Every year the London New Year's Parade passes through Trafalgar Square, which is considered the largest New Year's procession in the world.

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France In some parts of France, Christmas holidays begin on December 6th - St. Nicholas Day. It is on this day that the French Santa Claus - Père Noel - brings gifts and sweets to good and diligent children. Wearing wooden shoes and carrying a basket of gifts on his back, he arrives on a donkey and, leaving the donkey outside, enters the house through the chimney. He puts the gifts in shoes, which the children leave in front of the fireplace in advance. Per Noel's companion is Per Fuetar, a grandfather with rods, who reminds Per Noel how the child behaved during the year and what he deserves more - gifts or a spanking. A favorite French tradition is the lighting of the Christmas log. The whole family gathers by the fireplace. The father generously pours oil and cognac on the log, and the children are allowed to set it on fire. The cooled coals are collected in a bag and carefully stored as a talisman that brings only happiness and good luck.

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Italy On New Year's Eve, Italian children are looking forward to Fairy Befana. She arrives at night and places gifts in hanging socks and stockings. But only diligent and obedient children receive gifts. Naughty and mischievous people are given a pinch of ash or coals. The second favorite character, without whom the New Year in Italy is unthinkable, is Babbo Natale - Santa Claus, who goes from house to house and delivers gifts. But only those who have written a letter with wishes and requests in advance receive them. On New Year's Eve, Italians throw old things, clothes and even furniture out of windows. Thus, they let everything new into their lives. Another tradition that is typical for Italy is breaking dishes at midnight. This helps to get rid of negative emotions and mental pain that have accumulated over the whole year. In Italy, it is customary to give red linen as a gift for the New Year. The most interesting thing is that this gift must be thrown away the next day! Otherwise, don't expect anything good.

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Japan The main attribute of the Japanese New Year is kadomatsu - “pine tree at the entrance”. This is how the Japanese greet the New Year deity Toshigami. Also, the Japanese always pull a rope before entering the house. They believe that an evil spirit will not be able to enter their home and harm them. The Japanese decorate their home for the New Year with bamboo or willow bouquets, on which they hang small mochi loaves in the shape of flowers, fruits, and fish. All this is painted in yellow, pink and green colors and is hung at the entrance to the house or placed in the most visible place. The most unusual tradition in Japan is to buy a rake before the New Year, which “will help you rake more happiness.”

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India Hindus celebrate New Year more than four times a year - this is their national peculiarity... India is one of the countries where many cultures and subcultures intersect. Christians, Muslims, and Buddhists live there, but, nevertheless, the bulk of the population professes the ancient religion of Hinduism. And their New Year, accordingly, begins according to the prescriptions of the Hindu calendar. The New Year celebration lasts more than one day and is accompanied by various carnival processions, fairs and other paraphernalia. We can say with complete confidence that India is the most... New Year's country in the world.

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Scotland In Scotland, the New Year's holiday is called Hogmany. According to ancient tradition, on New Year's Eve they set fire to barrels of tar and roll them along the streets, burning them in an interesting way, old year and inviting the new one. The Scots believe that whoever enters their home first in the new year determines the success or failure of the family for the entire next year. In their opinion, great luck will be brought by a man with dark hair who brings gifts into the house. On New Year's Eve, the Scots light the fireplace and the whole family sits around it, waiting for the clock to strike. When the clock hand approaches twelve, the owner of the house must get up and, without saying a word, simply open the door. He will keep it open until the clock strikes its final stroke. So he will let out the old year and let in the coming one.

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Cuba In Cuba, on New Year's Eve, they fill all the dishes in the house with water, and at midnight they start pouring liquid out of the windows. Thus, all residents of Liberty Island wish the New Year a bright and clear path, like water. Instead of a fluffy beauty spruce, Cubans dress up their Araucaria coniferous tree or an ordinary palm tree. Cuba has its own Santa Claus, not just one, but three! And they are called Gaspar, Balthasar and Melchior; they are considered the kings of magic. Children write letters to them with their deepest desires and expect gifts from them.

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Iceland The mission of Santa Claus in Iceland is traditionally carried out by “trolls”. This company is quite numerous, it includes as many as thirteen Joulasveinn. Boys and girls in Iceland begin to put the red boot in the window as early as the thirteenth of December, as each of the Christmas naughty people who secretly arrive at people's houses for the holiday brings gifts with them. Therefore, in Iceland, throughout the entire New Year's month, December, parents know how to calm down mischievous children. The children believe that some of the Joulasveinn may unexpectedly drop by any day from December 1st to December 24th. If they behave badly, they may find not a gift in their shoe, but a potato.

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Spain In Spain, there is a New Year's custom: while the clock is striking, you must have time to swallow twelve grapes - then you will be fulfilled. cherished desires. It happens that grapes are washed down with wine. Anyone who eats grapes on New Year's Eve will have money all year. It is also believed that grapes eaten on this night drive away evil spirits. In the Basque Country, Santa Claus is called Olentzero. He is dressed in national homespun clothes and always carries a flask of good Spanish wine with him. On New Year's Eve in Spain, when visiting someone, according to tradition, you should put in gift basket champagne and a piece of nougat.

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Finland The real Santa Claus lives in Finnish Lapland. It is from here that Santa Claus or Joulupukki goes on a reindeer sleigh to children all over the world. The Finns are luckier than others, because they can come to visit Santa Claus and meet him in person in his mansion in the Arctic Circle. The Finnish New Year's feast certainly consists of plum jelly and rice porridge. Finnish New Year (as a holiday) ends early. Perhaps because an old Finnish belief says: whoever gets up early on the first day of the New Year will be cheerful and fresh all year. By the way, Finns believe that if you don’t scold children on January 1, they will be obedient all year long.

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Denmark Main dishes of the New Year's menu: fish and potatoes. At 12 o'clock festive table a huge bowl of sweet rice porridge with a secret is served. The surprise of this porridge is that there is a nut or almond hiding at the bottom of the bowl. This tradition is especially popular among unmarried Danish women: if you come across a nut, next year will get married. For everyone else, this sign simply promises a happy New Year. There are two Santa Clauses in Denmark, and both of these characters are quite unusual. Their names are Julemanden and Julenisse. According to existing legend, grandfathers will live in Greenland amid the eternal cold. Yulemanden, the big grandfather, has personal assistants - elves. And Yulenisse is the youngest Santa Claus, lives in the forest and rides on a cart pulled by foxes. For the New Year, children in Denmark are given a wooden or plush Christmas tree with a troll peeking out from under its green paws. The Danes believe that the forest prankster is the embodiment of the soul of the tree.