What help does the state provide to single mothers? Benefits for single mothers

Unfortunately, a single mother is a common phenomenon both in modern Russia and throughout the world. There are many reasons for a woman to raise a child alone, but the result is the same: mother and child need help. Assistance to single mothers from the state is expressed as follows: additional child benefits and payments, benefits in labor and tax legislation, preferential waiting lists when enrolling in kindergarten, and much more. You will learn more about all the rights, benefits and benefits in 2019 for single mothers in this article.

Single mother status 2019

The legal definition of single mother status is as follows: “A single mother is a woman whose child does not have information about the father on the birth certificate.” It would seem that this formulation explains a lot, but, in fact, it explains nothing. After all, we are talking about a morally and often socially disadvantaged person who is responsible for the maintenance and upbringing of a child - a growing citizen of our state.

Single mother	Not recognized as single mothers
A woman who gave birth and is raising a child (children) out of wedlock, if the paternity of the child is not properly established: there is no joint application of parents to the registry office regarding paternity there is no court decision to establish paternity	A woman raising children in a single-parent family, i.e. after a divorce (divorced or already divorced) and for some reason not receiving alimony from her ex-spouse.
A woman who gave birth to a child during marriage or within 300 days after divorce, if the child’s father is registered as a spouse (former spouse), but paternity is disputed in court and there is a court decision that has entered into legal force that the spouse (former spouse) is not the father of the child.	A woman who gave birth to a child within 300 days after the divorce, annulment, or death of the spouse. In this case, the father of the child is recognized as the spouse (former spouse) (Part 2 of Article 48 Family Code) and the civil registry office will register the child in the name of the spouse (former spouse), even if he is not the biological father of the baby.
A woman who, while not married, took in an adopted child.	An unmarried woman raising a child whose paternity has been established voluntarily or in court, even if this man does not live with her.

Payments and benefits for single mothers 2019

First of all, it is worth noting that all parents, including single mothers, are entitled to federal payments and benefits upon the birth of a child.

How much do single mothers earn? Additional benefits are established by regional legislation and to obtain a comprehensive list of payments and benefits, you should contact the regional office of the center social protection population. Let's look at payments using the example of Moscow.

Additional payments to single mothers in Moscow

Benefits paid in 2019 to single mothers from the city budget are provided for by Moscow Government Decree No. 805-PP dated October 31, 2017. However, the resolution states that families with income below the subsistence level can count on some payments.

A single mother in Moscow is entitled to the following payments, regardless of family income:

• Monthly compensation payment due to the rising cost of living for single mothers (fathers) for children under 16 years of age (students under 18) - 750 rubles. for those receiving monthly allowance per child, 300 rub. - for those who do not receive such benefits.
• Monthly compensation payment to compensate for the increase in the cost of food for single mothers, as well as families in which a parent evades paying child support, for children under 3 years old - 675 rub.
• The monthly compensation payment to a single mother (father) caring for a disabled child of group I or II under 18 years of age (up to 23 years for a disabled person since childhood) is paid only if the child does not work, and amounts to 12,000 rub.

Payments to single mothers if their income is below the subsistence level:

• from 0 to 3 years - 15,000 rub.
• Monthly allowance for single mothers for aged children from 3 to 18 years old - 6,000 rub.

To the social services department protection must provide a certificate of income for the last 3 months. The optimal period for filing applications for these benefits is one during which maternity payments do not fall into your income.

Labor benefits

Talking about labor benefits For single mothers, the following points should be noted:

• In the event of a reduction in staff at an enterprise, a single mother cannot be fired if she supports a child whose age has not reached 14 years. Dismissal is illegal when there is a change in management at the enterprise and even when such an employee is not suitable for the position held. However, precedents are being recorded in which a single mother was fired due to regular serious disciplinary offenses.
• In addition, a single mother, in the event of layoffs due to the liquidation of an enterprise, can count on being provided with another job. By the way, responsibility for subsequent employment lies directly with the administration of the enterprise where the layoffs were carried out.
• A single mother, like any other mother, is provided with benefits if she is caring for a sick child. The benefit paid for inpatient treatment is calculated depending on length of service. Outpatient treatment involves payment of benefits to a single mother for the first 10 days in full size and in the amount of 50% of wages the rest of the time.
• Caring for a sick child under 7 years old includes payment for sick leave without any restrictions. If the child is over 7 years old, you can expect to receive 15 days of sick leave.
• A single mother has the right to receive leave at her own expense at any time convenient time for up to 14 days.
• Single mothers with a child under 5 years old cannot be required to work overtime, work at night, on holidays or weekends.
• The mother of a child under 14 years of age (including single mothers) has the right to part-time work, determined at her own request.
• In addition to the above, single mothers can count on employment benefits, since a potential employer does not have the right to refuse to hire due to the presence of children. In case of refusal to hire, the administration of the enterprise must provide a clearly formulated reason for the refusal.

Tax deduction for a child of a single mother

A single mother has the right to receive a double tax deduction for the costs of maintaining each of her children up to the age of 18. If a child who has reached the age of 18 is a university student, the double tax deduction will continue until the age of 24. This means that a certain amount of income will not be subject to income tax, namely 1,400 rubles for the first and second children and 3,000 for the third and subsequent ones.

What benefits cover other aspects of life for single mothers?

• the right to receive free sets of baby clothes for a newborn baby;
• the right to a temporary waiver of payment for the removal of solid food waste and for cleaning the territory of an apartment building if the child is under 1.5 years old;
• the right to receive free meals at a dairy kitchen for a child under 2 years of age;
• the right to purchase a number of medications at reduced prices with a discount of up to 50%;
• the opportunity to visit a massage room free of charge, if there is one in the children's clinic;
• In addition, children of single mothers in secondary schools should receive two free meals a day in the school canteen.
• children of single mothers upon admission to additional educational establishments, such as art and music schools, can expect to receive a 30% discount on tuition fees.
• again, such children enter preschool institutions out of turn and with a 50% discount.
• and finally, every year children of single mothers can count on receiving a sanatorium voucher.

Housing for single mothers

Of particular note is the target program “Affordable housing for young families.” Under this program, mothers under 35 years of age can apply for compensation for part of the cost of housing. Single women who decide to take out a mortgage also have the opportunity to acquire housing. Read about how real this is in our detailed material.

In all countries, a single mother is a separate socially unprotected category of citizens. In the Russian Federation, such persons are provided with special payments and benefits, which are paid in the manner established at the legislative level.

Before you understand how much a single mother earns, you should find out who is hiding behind this status. Indeed, according to the law, not only a woman who independently raises minor children, but also other categories of citizens can become a mother with this status.

Of course, for such a mother, funds are paid to raise her child, as well as for all other women. However, this category of citizens is entitled to increased payments, which can only be received by mothers who find themselves in a difficult life situation.

In Russia, this status can be obtained for a mother only if she has special conditions, defined at the legislative level:

1. If the newborn was born in an unregistered marriage, and the registry office staff did not establish the fact of paternity;
2. If the child appeared in a registered marriage or within 8 months from the date of its official annulment in the registry office, and the mother has a court order indicating that the ex-husband is challenging his paternity;
3. The child was adopted by an unmarried woman;
4. If in the document about the birth of the baby, which was issued to the registry office, information about the father of the newborn was entered according to the words of the mother. In such a situation, a document is issued in a special form, which means that all data about the second parent was indicated according to the mother, which is not evidence of paternity in relation to the baby;
5. If there is a dash in the “Father” column on the child’s certificate.

Until 2006, a special single mother certificate was in force. Now all cash payments and other privileges are provided to this category of citizens upon presentation of a birth certificate and a corresponding certificate from the registry office.

Available until age 18. According to the law, government social support measures cannot be provided again if the mother has previously received and used them.

Payments upon birth of a child

The amount of benefit for a single mother in 2017 is just over 16,000 rubles. In 2018, it is planned to index this amount paid for the birth of the first child.

A lump sum payment is made at the birth of each child, without any exceptions. Funds are transferred within 6 days after the birth of the child.

Any parent can apply for such one-time payments.. In the case of a single mother, only the woman who gave birth to the child can apply for such a payment. In this case, the peculiarity of receiving such social benefits is that the mother does not need to obtain a certificate from the second parent’s place of work confirming that he has not previously received such funds.

Registration of a one-time benefit is possible in two ways:

1. For working women, such benefits are paid at the expense of the employer;
2. If a woman is unemployed, documents for obtaining benefits from the state are submitted to the Social Security institution;

At the legislative level, there is no provision for the possibility of bringing to justice the second parent who refuses to provide a certificate of non-receipt of benefits. In this case, the mother has the right to contact his employer or file a claim in court.

But you should understand that such events take a lot of effort, time and nerves, which can affect the condition and health of the newborn child.

Monthly child care allowance

At the legislative level, monthly payments are provided for single mothers to support their children. The transfer of such funds is made because a woman, after the birth of a child, cannot perform labor functions.

According to the law, a monthly allowance must be paid to the child’s mother until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years. The amount of such child care benefits for a working woman directly depends on her average salary for the previous two years. calendar years. Such payments must be transferred from the employer’s accounting department.

If the mother is not officially employed or did not work at all, payments are made as follows:

1. For the first baby a little more than 3,000 rubles;
2. For the second and each subsequent child, the payment amount is slightly more than 6,000 rubles.

In relation to a single mother, such benefits should be received by the woman who brought the newborn child into the world. If the family is complete, monthly payments are received only if the child’s father provides a certificate indicating that he did not go to prison. maternity leave and did not register the receipt of this benefit for himself.

Additional payments to single mothers are possible only if there are significant circumstances.

Additional payments in the regions

Additional payments that mothers receive in the regions of the country, for example, in Moscow and the region, are established in the regulations of the given subject of the Russian Federation. Hotel legislative acts establish that part of the measures social assistance can be provided only to those citizens whose income is lower than that established in the region or, in exceptional cases, around the country, living wage.

Regardless of her family’s income, a single mother has the opportunity to receive the following types of regional benefits:

1. Monthly compensation for increased cost of living. Only single mothers raising children under the age of sixteen can receive such a payment. The amount of compensation is 300 rubles;
2. Compensation paid to compensate for the increase in the cost of food in the amount of just under 700 rubles. Only single mothers and families where one of the parents avoids making child support payments can receive this kind of money;
3. Compensation to a mother or father who is raising a child with a group 1-2 disability under the age of 18. Receiving such compensation for a child under the age of 23 is possible if the citizen has had a disability since childhood. The payment amount is 6,000 rubles;
4. Life growth benefit paid to mothers with children under 16 years of age. The benefit amount is 750 rubles;
5. Monthly benefit for children under 1.5 years of age and from 3 to 18 years of age in the amount of 2,500 rubles;
6. Payment for caring for a child aged from one and a half to 3 years in the amount of 4,500 rubles.

By contacting the social security institution in the region of his residence, a citizen can receive other types of social assistance. For example, in some regions it is possible to receive compensation for kindergarten. And as a benefit for the second child, the cost of attending kindergarten is not paid.

How to apply for child benefits

To apply for benefits for a minor child, his mother must contact the social security authority at her place of registration. The package of documents provided and the procedure for their consideration are established at the level of regional legislation.

One-time payment

A one-time payment for childbirth and subsequent care of a newborn child is always paid, regardless of the region of Russia, regardless of the order in which children appear in the family. In the case of single mothers, such benefits should be paid in an increased amount (two or three times).

When applying for such a benefit, the mother must remember to observe certain features of this procedure.

1. According to the law, a woman is considered a single mother if the father is not listed in the documents for her child. That is, if the parents of the newborn did not submit a joint application to the registry office about the need to establish paternity of the newborn;
2. If a woman is simply divorced from her husband, but information about him is included in the documents for the child, she will not be able to count on receiving an increased benefit.

Additional payments

The opportunity to receive additional benefits is available only in 50 regions of the Russian Federation, and only in cases where the mother is raising 3 or more children.

There is an unemployed mother, paperwork for social support is carried out at the local social security office. All documents can also be submitted through the MFC.

If the mother is officially employed, then some of the support measures are provided by her employer. Therefore, after the birth of a child, you also need to provide documents confirming the presence of such status to the office of your organization.

It is advisable to receive additional payments before the child reaches six months of age. Otherwise, no compensation will be paid for this period of time.

The Russian Federation is a socially oriented state. Taking care of citizens is a priority task of the authorities. An extremely relevant topic today is the provision of benefits to single women with children. What benefits are available to a single mother in Russia? This article will provide a detailed answer to this question.

Single mother: who is this according to the law?

The number of divorces in the Russian Federation is only growing over time. You can guess and argue for a long time what is the reason for this. This may be an economically unstable situation in the state, or perhaps an ordinary change in morals. Most broken families have children. As a rule, the court leaves the children with their mother. Today, a single mother is far from a rare phenomenon. Moreover, according to the law, not all divorced women with children have this status. Why does this happen?

According to current legislation, a divorce from a spouse does not automatically make a woman a “single mother.” Only those women who gave birth have a similar status. A single mother in Russia is a person to whom the following factors can be attributed:

• there is no joint statement from both parents;
• in the same statement there is a dash in the paternity column;
• the woman gave birth to a child less than 300 days after the divorce (but in this case, a confession from the woman is required that her ex-husband is not the father of the baby);
• a woman adopted a child without being married.

It is also worth considering that a woman is not capable of possessing it if the following criteria apply:

• her husband was deprived of parental rights;
• her husband died;
• the baby’s father has been identified and his details are included in the documents; Moreover, he himself is not the spouse of the woman who gave birth to the child;
• for one reason or another, the mother does not receive child support from the child’s father.

Thus, not all single women with a child are able to have the legal status of “single mother”.

Rights of single mothers

Women who have the legal status of “single mothers” have a number of rights that should be outlined further. Russian law states the following:

• State monthly benefits to single mothers must be paid on time and in full, without delays or other problems. A woman should find out about the amount of money she receives from the social protection department located at her place of registration.
• In addition to the full state benefit, a single woman with a child has the right to receive regional payments. Such subsidies to single mothers should be paid on a regular basis.

• A woman with the status in question has the right to place her child in some preschool institutions out of turn (but not all!). It is also worth noting the benefits for paying for the maintenance of a child in kindergarten.
• Benefits, subsidies and various payments remain with the woman even when she gets married. The right to the benefits provided will only be lost when new spouse will adopt a child.
• If a single mother is officially employed, then she has the right to leave at any time convenient for her.
• A single woman with a child cannot be involved in overtime work without her own consent.
• School meals, as well as a set of textbooks for a child of a single mother, will be free.
• A single mother is entitled to certain benefits when purchasing certain medications for her child; the child has the right to a free visit to the massage room at the local clinic.

These are not all the rights that an unmarried woman with a child legally has. What is due to single mothers besides all of the above? This will be discussed further below.

About the work schedule of a single mother

Regardless of where exactly an unmarried woman with a child works, enterprise management must adhere to the requirements of the Labor Code. What exactly does this document say about single mothers? If we are talking about the work schedule, then it is worth highlighting the following points:

• An unmarried woman with a child under 5 years old is able to work at night (from 10 pm to 6 am) only if she herself agrees to it and if she has no health contraindications. An employer does not have the right to force a single mother to work night shifts (only if the work itself does not involve night service - for example, the profession of a night watchman).
• If a woman has a child under three years of age, then her involvement in business trips and overtime work is possible only with written consent.
• A single mother with a child under 14 years of age or a disabled child under 18 years of age is able to apply for a part-time job.
• A woman with a disabled child can claim four additional days off per month.
• A woman raising a child under 14 years of age, under a collective agreement, can be provided with two weeks of unpaid leave at any convenient time.

The salary of a single mother (if we are not talking about benefits) cannot be increased just like that. A woman cannot legally claim a special salary or increased hourly pay simply because she has a child.

We should also talk about the dismissal procedure. A woman raising a child under 14 years of age, or a disabled child under 18 years of age, cannot be fired due to layoffs. The only exceptions may be the following cases:

• the organization is completely liquidated;
• a woman periodically fails to perform, or performs her job duties poorly;
• the woman committed a major immoral act;
• the employee violated her duties (came in drunk, committed theft, violated labor protection, divulged professional secrets, etc.);
• a woman got a job using fictitious documents.

In case of illegal dismissal, a woman can be reinstated in her job or seek compensation through the court.

Tax deduction

What is a tax deduction? Experts give the following formulation - this is a set amount of income for workers, on which personal income tax is not charged. Thanks to the tax deduction, the amount of wages paid increases.

Tax deductions are available to certain categories of citizens, including single mothers. The deduction is always standard and independent of the person’s wealth. So, as of 2017, it is worth highlighting the following figures:

• 2,800 rubles for the first two children;
• 6 thousand rubles for the third and any subsequent child;
• 24 thousand rubles for a child with a disability.

At the same time, personal income tax will begin to be collected in the case when a particular citizen receives more than 350 thousand per year (about 30 thousand per month). This rule also affects a person’s status as a “single mother”. The second child, unfortunately, will not play any role here. Depending on how much a single mother receives, the status of the tax deduction will depend.

We should also talk about how exactly you can get All documents must be submitted at your place of work. A statement is written, which will be provided by the employer; the following documents are attached to it:

• certificate from the housing office confirming residence;
• document from the registry office confirming the absence of the father;
• mother's passport;
• if necessary, a certificate of disability of the child or a certificate from an educational institution.

All deductions will be provided by the employer.

About sick leave for care

What do single mothers have to do when receiving sick leave? Oddly enough, nothing special. It is immediately worth noting that there are no special benefits for single mothers when receiving sick leave. In this case everything is exactly the same as in the case with married women; talk about any priorities and “lack of queues” will be nothing more than rumors. Nevertheless, it is still worth paying attention to this topic.

The Federal Law "On Compulsory Social Insurance", namely its sixth article, establishes the following rules for obtaining sick leave:

• if the child is under 7 years old, then the entire treatment period should be no more than 60 days per year (for one specific child). If the illness is particularly serious, the period of sick leave can be up to 90 days.
• If the child is from 7 to 15 years old, then the period of sick leave for the mother cannot be more than 15 days per year.
• If the child is between 15 and 18 years old, the mother can take sick leave for no more than 3 days (can last up to one week).

Are single mothers entitled to hospital subsidies? The law mentions payments for outpatient treatment. So, single mothers in this case can be:

• 100% of earnings with work experience of more than eight years;
• 80% of the average salary for five to eight years of experience;
• 60% of average earnings with less than five years of experience.

Thus, the question of what single mothers are entitled to when taking sick leave can be considered closed. The answer here is simple: practically nothing; The same rules apply here as for other persons.

Admission to kindergarten: what benefits are available to a single mother?

As is known, the activities of kindergartens in the Russian Federation are regulated at the municipal level. This means only one thing: the conditions and features of admitting children to such institutions can vary greatly depending on the region.

What benefits does a single mother have when registering her child for kindergarten? Until 2008, there was a legal recommendation in the country to accept children of single mothers without waiting lists. This provision was later removed. For some reason, some citizens, even ten years later, are confident that uniform benefits still exist here. This is, of course, not true. As of 2017, unfortunately, there are no concessions for single mothers in this area. Of course, some kindergartens can still accept groups of people without a queue. This is done, as a rule, for the purpose of self-promotion or increasing ratings.

In which cities do kindergartens accept children from single-parent families out of turn? Of course, data may change; but for 2017 this is Moscow (according to order No. 1310), Yekaterinburg, Angarsk, Irkutsk region and some other regions.

What conclusion can be drawn here? Kindergartens today do not operate according to uniform rules. Even a “poor single mother with a disability” will not be able to claim any benefits if they are not established in the region. Single mothers are also not entitled to compensation for kindergarten - all this is a thing of the past. There can be only one way out here: find out whether admission benefits apply in a particular area, in a particular kindergarten.

Getting housing as a single mother

Are single mothers entitled to cheap or even free housing? Unfortunately, it is not possible to give a definitive answer here. It’s worth starting with the most important thing: there are no special benefits or rules for obtaining housing for single mothers in Russia. There is an opportunity to get on the waiting list for an apartment, to participate in government subsidy programs - but nothing more. The entire procedure for obtaining housing will take place in exactly the same way as with ordinary, two-parent families.

On this moment The country has a “Young Family” program, according to which from 2015 to 2020 the state will pay citizens with children about 35% of the total cost of purchased housing. Program details, as usual, will depend on the region.

What are the benefits for single mothers under the presented program? Everything is the same as for ordinary families. To obtain housing under the terms of the “Young Family” you must:

• have Russian citizenship;
• prove the absence of other housing;
• contact the district administration at your place of residence;
• join the general housing queue.

If a family needs to improve their living conditions, the state will take into account the following factors:

• the area of ​​the actual living space is below regional standards;
• living in a home does not meet sanitary and hygienic standards;
• the family lives in a communal apartment;
• there is a sick person in the family, living next to whom can be dangerous to health.

The woman’s income must also be taken into account. So, depending on how much a single mother receives, the state program will be calculated.

Additional payments

Moscow Government Decree No. 816-PP provides for regular payment of benefits to single mothers from the city budget. Thus, a single woman with a child has the right to receive the following subsidies:

• 300 rubles per month for children under 16 years of age;
• 675 rubles per month are due to mothers, as well as parents whose ex-spouses do not pay child support for children under three years of age;
• 6 thousand rubles every month is due to a single mother or father whose child has not reached 18 years of age and is a disabled person of group 1 or 2. If such a child is employed, payments stop.

We should also talk about payments to women whose income is below the subsistence level. The law states the following:

• the amount of benefit for a single mother with a child under 16 years old should be 750 rubles per month;
• 2,500 rubles are allocated to single mothers whose children have not reached the age of 1.5 years, or whose age ranges from 3 to 18 years;
• 4,500 rubles are paid to single mothers whose children are between 1.5 and 3 years old.

In order for each of the payments submitted to be received on time and in full, every three months you will have to submit a certificate of income to the social protection authorities. The optimal period for filing such an application will be one in which maternity payments do not fall into the total income.

Required Documentation

How can a single mother confirm her status? What documents must be collected for this? It is immediately worth noting that different types documentation will be needed for various kinds situations. It all depends on what kind of subsidies and benefits a single woman with a child wants to receive.

The first and most important thing a single mother should have is a child’s birth certificate with a dash in the column about the father. Only with the help of this document will a woman be able to confirm her status as a single mother. If the certificate still contains information about the biological father, but from the words of the mother, then you will have to obtain a special form No. 25. They usually apply for it to the registry office. It will also need to be filled out there. Having received a certificate of assignment of “single mother” status, the woman takes it to the district department of city social protection.

What documents must a mother collect to receive monthly child benefits? The law in this case regulates the following types of documentation:

• mother's passport;
• statement about the status of “single mother”;
• child's birth certificate;
• stamp in the mother’s passport about the child’s citizenship;
• a certificate from the Housing Office about the composition of the family (it is necessary to confirm that the mother actually lives with the child);
• if necessary - form No. 25 from the registry office;
• statement of mother’s income (paper from the employment service, or a regular work book).

Naturally, each of the submitted documents must be photocopied and attached to the main package.

Bottom line

It is worth summarizing all of the above, briefly illustrating all the main types of benefits for single mothers. If we are talking about social benefits, then it is worth mentioning:

• baby trousseau sets for a newborn baby;
• compensation for the price of children's food products (if the child is under three years old);
• benefits in kind for a child under three years of age;
• the opportunity not to pay the housing office for garbage removal and cleaning if the mother has a child under one and a half years old;
• free medications for a child under three years of age.

If we are talking about labor benefits, then it is worth highlighting:

• the inability to fire a single mother during layoffs;
• benefits for a single mother upon liquidation of an organization;
• full payment of sick leave if the employee’s child is under seven years old;
• the right to small additional holidays;
• the right to establish part-time work (if the child is under 14 years old);
• impossibility of refusing a single mother a job (otherwise, the reason for the refusal must be described in detail and proven).

Of course, there are other benefits. However, they all depend on the region and type of enterprise (educational, preschool, cultural, etc.).

A single mother is a woman who is not married and is raising a child or children alone, without a joint statement from the parents to register paternity rights when registering the child with the registry office. A single woman is often confused with a single woman (who has a child but no husband). In our case, we are talking about a woman whose child officially does not have a father. Such a mother does not have the opportunity to apply for the collection of alimony, because there is no one to legally collect it from.

If the father wants to obtain paternity rights, he can resolve this issue in court. If a woman does not want to register the second parent in the documents or he himself does not want to admit the fact of having a child, this can also be decided in court (Article 49 of the RF IC).

When a man was not a member official marriage with a woman who has a child from him, but recognized the baby and after some time passed away, the fact of paternity is also established in special proceedings (Article 50 of the RF IC, paragraph 4, paragraph 2, Article 264 of the Civil Procedure Code Russian Federation).

When can a mother qualify for single status?

• If there is a dash in the “Father” column on the birth certificate.
• When the mother did not submit an application to the registry office to register paternity.
• The mother adopted the baby without being married.
• If a man disputes his paternity based on genetic testing, which was certified in court.
• When the birth occurred after 300 days from the date of divorce.
• In the case of adoption, when the mother was married, but the husband refused to accept these obligations.

The Moscow Civil Registry Office has given the following definition of a single mother: “A single mother is the mother of a child who is not married, or her marriage has been dissolved, declared invalid by the court, or the husband of the child’s mother has died, and from the date of dissolution of the marriage, recognition of it as invalid, or from the date more than three hundred days have passed since the death of the mother’s spouse before the child’s birth, and paternity of the child has not been established.”

1. An application, a sample of which is issued by the social protection authorities.
2. Passport or driver's license.
3. Baby's birth certificate.
4. Certificate of family composition.
5. On the right according to form No. 25, which is issued at the registry office. It contains information about where and when the child was born, his parents are indicated, the registration number and the name of the registry office where it was made.
6. Income certificate certifying that .
7. A certificate from the employment service, which states that the mother is not registered for unemployment and does not receive such benefits.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, such matters are entitled to a monthly federal benefit, the amount of which depends on the specific region.

General terms and conditions that affect the amount of benefits for a single mother are:

• Fact of employment.
• Amount of children.
• Average family income per person.

Legally, such a woman is entitled to an amount that is equal to payments for children for two-parent families. The entire amount of payments at the state level is fixed in Federal Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995 “On state benefits for citizens with children.”

An additional payment is the federal child benefit, the amount of which depends on the region. As a rule, we are talking about a small amount.

In order to receive such benefits, you need to contact specialized authorities state protection by providing the following documents:

1. An application that also includes information about family income.
2. Child's birth certificate.
3. A certificate from the housing office confirming that the child lives with the mother.
4. Employment history.
5. Passport.
6. Coordinates of the card or bank account where the money will need to be transferred.

If verification of existing income is required, the social security authority within 10 days provides a preliminary response to the applicant’s request, which indicates the need for additional check. After all procedures have been completed, the final response is given no later than 30 days after the date of application.

If the mother is employed, after the birth of her second baby she can count on the same benefits as after the birth of her first. In this case, the amount of payments for a child up to 1.5 years old increases, and the woman already has.

Regional maternity capital is usually prescribed after the birth of the third child, but the law provides for exceptions.

If a single mother doesn't work

Such women are entitled to less benefits than working women. Payments are usually minimal and are carried out through the Social Security authorities, and not through the Social Insurance Fund in the case of working people.

During pregnancy, such women are also not entitled to financial benefits. They are paid only a lump sum after childbirth and monthly until the child reaches 1.5 years of age.
There are a number of benefits that mothers who do not work can count on:

1. Child benefit as low-income family, the size of which is calculated individually.
2. Maternity capital for the second child in the amount of RUB 453,026.00.
3. Monthly allowance for the third child until he reaches the age of three.

Students and military women are also officially equal to the status of non-workers. They are paid an amount equal to a scholarship or cash allowance.

Single mother - changes in legislation

Women who raise children without a father can enjoy a number of benefits and privileges, including:

1. Compensation for baby food until the child reaches three years of age.
2. Kindergarten without a queue. To do this, the mother needs to obtain a certificate and send it to the kindergarten. If the mother does not want to send her son or daughter to this institution, she has the right to receive compensation.
3. Benefits for paying for housing and communal services. This is a so-called subsidy, for which you need to apply to the responsible authorities.
4. No possibility of dismissal from work due to layoff. Dismissal can only occur in case of gross violation of labor discipline. These include theft, drunkenness, and truancy. The list also includes disclosure of trade secrets and forgery of documents.
5. Free two meals a day at school.
6. Prohibition on working night shifts, overtime and on weekends. This law is valid until the child turns 5 years old.

Single mother raising a disabled child

Mothers who have a disabled child under guardianship may qualify for additional monthly payments from the state:

1. In the case where official guardianship is issued over the child, the payment amount is 2,000 rubles.
2. When the mother is also disabled, she is entitled increased pension.
3. Regional surcharges are possible, the amount of which depends on legislative framework specific area.

Social guarantees that are provided in this case:

1. A woman must work part-time.
2. She is entitled to 4 days off, which are paid at the workers' rate.
3. The employer cannot fire the mother if she does not agree.
4. If a mother raises a child under 18 years of age, she has the right to retire upon reaching the age of 50.
5. A woman has the right to social housing.

Improving living conditions

A single mother does not have a priority right to housing. This becomes possible if the family has status.

There is a program “Affordable Housing for Young Families”. According to its rules, if a mother is no more than 35 years old and is raising 1 or more children, she can become a participant in this program under the item “Providing housing for young families.”

Who is not recognized as single mothers?

1. If a mother is raising children after a divorce.
2. When a woman has a child within 300 days after the divorce or the same period after the death of her spouse. In this case, the father is recognized ex-husband(Article 48 part 2 of the Family Code).
3. If paternity is established voluntarily or by court decision, but the woman still continues to raise the children herself.
4. Widow.
5. If the father is legally deprived of parental rights.

Even if a woman is not qualified for her position, by order of her superiors she cannot be dismissed from work until the child turns 14 years old. If the contract expires, management may dismiss, but provide continued employment. In this case, the job search should not exceed three months. During this period, the woman must receive the average salary from her previous place of work.
Sick leave is paid in full, regardless of its duration.

According to the law, if a child is between 7 and 15 years old, the mother has the right to take sick leave for up to 15 days. When outpatient treatment is indicated, wages are paid in full for the first 10 days. Starting from the 11th day, the salary is calculated at 50% of the rate.

As for leave, the mother is entitled to it every year. There are two types – paid and unpaid. The mother can take the second one at a time that is convenient for her.

If there is a need to get a job, and a woman has a son or daughter under 14 years of age in her care, the employer, in case of refusal of a job, must provide a written explanation where the reason must be substantiated. When a woman considers that the reason for refusal is unfounded, she can go to court to resolve this issue.

Can a single mother get a mortgage?

The bank does not provide separate lending conditions for this category of the population, however, if a woman has a stable income, she can easily get a mortgage. The presence of a husband in this case is not necessary. Family income is considered.

If a woman has two children, she will also need to prove her solvency. In this case, the income level must be high to cover the costs for three people. When you need to pay a down payment, you can use funds from maternity capital. Legislation provides for its use to improve living conditions. It can also be used to pay off the principal portion of the mortgage loan.

An initial fee

To date, there is no special program that would suggest taking out a mortgage without a down payment. Also, the state has not developed any legislative acts that would help a single mother repay a loan. There is a possibility of regional bills that could regulate this situation and provide assistance to single mothers in purchasing housing. Such possibilities need to be clarified locally with the administration of the locality.

Question answer

I'm a single mother. Recently, a man who is biologically the father of my child returned to the country. Can I file child support for him if, by law, I am raising the child alone?

In this case, a woman can file for alimony in court, but she will need to achieve recognition of paternity, voluntarily or forcibly.

Are there any benefits for providing vouchers for children to a sanatorium?

Eat. You need to contact the social protection center at your place of residence. In this case, it is necessary to draw up an application and a package of documents, which will be indicated there.

My baby is coming to school in a year. Who can tell me what benefits may be provided if I am a single mother?

At school it will be possible to have two free meals a day at the expense of the state. If you live in Moscow, you can apply for training in art schools, sports and other specialized sections on preferential terms. The benefit amount is 30% below the regular cost.

If a single mother gets married and her husband does not adopt the child, does the woman still have this status?

After marriage, the status of children born before marriage remains the same.

The rights of single mothers are protected by law. However, before entering into labor, family and other types of relationships, you need to familiarize yourself with the legislative rationale that works in a particular case. A specialized lawyer who works in the field of Family or Labor Law will help with this.

The status of a single mother is the choice of a woman who decides to have a baby without establishing paternity.

Based on this, the state provides proportionate types of assistance, not significantly different from the support of married women.

The status of single mother is granted only to those women who gave birth to a child without being married. And after the birth of the newborn, the father did not make a claim to enter information about him during registration. In this case, in the newborn’s certificate, it is permissible to put a dash in the information column about the father.

In other cases, at the discretion of the mother, it is allowed to enter information from words, but this status does not have legal capacity. The application is accompanied by a certificate from the civil registry office confirming this status.

Parents who meet these criteria have the right to claim commensurate benefits. However, at the birth of a baby, these are not provided.

The conditions for assigning all payments are based on the general norms of Federal Law No. 81-FZ, which came into force on May 19, 1995.

When registering with early dates pregnancy, additional payment is provided.

You can apply for benefits immediately after receiving your birth certificate (see). Working women register it in the accounting department, and non-working women - in the department of the Department of Social Protection of the Population (USZN). In both cases, the indicated amount does not change.

Benefits for a single mother at the birth of her second and third child

A single woman can decide to have a second or third child after getting married. In this case, the status of a single mother remains until the spouse of the illegitimate minor.

Or vice versa - after a divorce, an illegitimate newborn may appear. In this case, the designated status applies only to the child who.

The indicated situations do not affect the amount of payments provided for the birth of a second child. The woman also receives a one-time benefit in the established amount.

If she gives birth to twins (triplets), financial assistance is assigned to each baby. Accruals are made accordingly - at the employer or at the social security department for non-working citizens.

When a third child appears, it is possible to apply for an additional benefit.

At the birth of triplets, some regional regulations provide for additional benefits and subsidies, both in the form of one-time family support and in the form of preferential provision of housing, land and other benefits.

Also in this case, upon the birth of a second or subsequent child, a receipt is assigned. Except in cases of twins, if this was the first birth. This certificate is provided once. Having received it for the second child, for the third such right is considered exhausted.

The main condition for receiving maternity capital is that children are raised in a family. If the applicant for a certificate is limited in them, the authority to receive payments, subsidies and certificates is canceled. After restoration of parental legal capacity, it is permissible to apply for their return.

Single mother's allowance for a child up to 1.5 years old

You can receive this financial assistance only after completing maternity leave (MLE), which was paid in advance, before the onset of childbirth, in the amount of 100% of earnings. From the next day, upon completion of the BIR leave, , is accrued, provided that the woman applied to the destination of the benefit: to the employer or to the USZN.

The employer pays a monthly allowance of 40% of the total earnings for the previous year. All types of income are taken into account here, but minus the period the employee is on sick leave. The main condition is, in accordance with the norms of the Labor Code, with a salary of at least minimum size wages (minimum wage).

If a woman’s earnings turn out to be lower than 1 minimum wage, measures are taken to index it.

That is, the amount of payments increases to 40% of the minimum wage. Eventually:

• For the first child under 1.5 years of age, at least 2,908 rubles are charged monthly.
• For the second, third and subsequent ones - at least 5,817 rubles per month.

Equal amounts are awarded to unemployed citizens through social security authorities. Since here the calculation is also made based on the minimum wage and is 40% of the established minimum earnings standard.

The maximum amount of accruals from the employer is 21,547 rubles; exceeding these standards is not allowed, including for persons of the designated category.

The employer pays this maintenance without prejudice to his own budget, since he subsequently receives compensation from the Social Insurance Fund, which compensates for the costs of benefits. At the discretion of the employer, additional payments are allowed, which are not compensated by the Social Insurance Fund and are paid from company funds.

If a woman delegates the responsibility for caring for the baby to her parents who are underage retirement age, starting work, the right to receive them passes to the grandmother or grandfather.

If they receive a pension, the right to receive these payments is completely lost.

The provision of maintenance ceases when the child turns one and a half years old. After this, a single mother has the right to apply for an extraordinary place in nursery group kindergarten, the argument is the need to earn money (see).

If the administration refuses to provide a place in kindergarten, you should apply:

• about compensation for lack of a place in kindergarten;
• about payments due to low-income families.

These types of financial assistance are provided by local governments, mainly through departments of the USZN. The amount of assistance is set at the regional level and regulated by local regulations.

Regional monthly allowance for single mother

It is advisable to find out options for supporting low-income families, which are provided by local authorities, after the birth of the newborn. It is calculated based on the cost of living established in the region of residence.

An incomplete family that does not receive financial support in the form of alimony can contact the social security service. For low-income families, a guaranteed payment is established in the amount of 100 rubles.

For single mothers and other socially vulnerable groups of the population, payments are increased to 700 - 1,000 rubles per month, in accordance with the order of local authorities.

In addition, you should receive other types of support, which include providing free food to the artificial baby or free medicine.

It is possible to receive compensation for housing and communal services and other benefits (see).

Procedure for applying for benefits for a single mother

The state or municipality is not obliged to provide the listed types of maintenance and financial assistance unless the citizen fills out an application accompanied by documentation confirming the authority to assign and accrue them.

The application is submitted to the employer or social security authorities with the following attachment:

• certificates from the maternity hospital;
• certificates of early registration (if available);
• birth certificate of the newborn;
• the applicant's passports;
• certificate from the registry office confirming the absence of a spouse.

Sometimes married citizens who have terminated their relationship cannot receive money from their ex-spouse for objective reasons. In this case, you have to go to court for recognition of the status of a single mother.

Without confirmation of this status, one-time financial assistance is not assigned, since you will need to submit a certificate from the place of work of the baby’s father.

Parents of a single mother who have assumed the authority to care for them provide an application with the same documents attached, with the exception of a certificate of early registration - this benefit is assigned only to the mother in labor.

To assign additional types of assistance from the regional budget, a certificate of family composition at the place of residence is required. This certificate can be obtained from the management company or the district administration.