Why some children don't get sick. Headache in children: how to help and how to observe? The child has a stomach ache

Teething is an important and sometimes difficult period for babies and their parents. The formation of the rudiments of teeth and their proper growth and health occurs in the womb of the expectant mother.

For each baby, teething is an individual process.

The average baby faces this process from the age of three months, and the period ends by the age of three. There are cases when a newborn is born with 1-2 teeth.

1. Restlessness during sleep.
2. Runny nose with clear, watery fluid.
3. Redness of the throat.
4. Decreased or lack of appetite.
5. Constant scratching of the gums and excessive salivation. The child begins to put everything in his mouth.
6. Increase in temperature from subfebrile to pyretic (37-40°C).
7. Capricious behavior (crying, lethargy, restlessness, irritation).
8. Biting the mother's breast or pacifier.
9. The gums become red and swollen. Sometimes a white or purple stripe appears at the site of the future tooth; this will indicate the appearance of the tooth in the next few days.
10. Diarrhea, vomiting.
11. Regurgitation.
12. An unpleasant odor from the oral cavity of a baby is a rare sign, but occurs when an infection occurs during this period.

Signs may be mixed or absent altogether. Some children exhibit 1-2 signs just before the tooth emerges from the gums.

Video from an expert:

The danger of redness of the throat during this period

During teething, the baby's body weakens and becomes vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria or colds.

When a baby is teething, the child endlessly puts various objects into his mouth, which are not always sterilely clean. It introduces an infection and hyperemia of the tonsils occurs (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sore throat occur), this is a very dangerous disease for such young children.

If some symptoms intensify and last more than 2-3 days (fever, red sore throat, runny nose with yellow or green discharge, cough or wheezing in the chest), you should consult a pediatrician.

Redness in the throat of a baby may be a sign of diseases:

• mechanical, thermal damage;
• tonsillitis;
• pharyngitis;
• laryngitis;
• tonsillitis;
• allergic reaction;
• ARVI;
• diseases of the stomach, esophagus;
• problems with the nasopharynx.

How can I help my baby?

During this period, the child needs maximum attention, kindness and affection from the mother - this the best remedy to calm down.

To remove pain There are special gels, ointments, syrups, drops:

• Kalgel;
• Dentokind;
• Holisal;
• Pansoral “First teeth”;
• Kamistad Baby gel;
• Dentol;
• Dentinox-gel;
• Nurofen syrup;
• Panadol syrup;
• Dantinorm drops;
• Viburkol (suppositories);
• Baby doctor "First teeth".

When using any of the products, you must consult your pediatrician and read the instructions.

It is important to carefully monitor the child’s behavior after using the drug and examine for allergic reactions. If they occur, the drug is discontinued.

There are several more ways to help the baby overcome this difficult period:

1. Massage the gums (to do this, wash your hands well with soap, wrap a sterile bandage around your finger, moisten it with warm, boiled water or herbal decoction).
2. Massage with a teether, rubber toy, toothbrush for infants.
3. Massage using a whole apple or carrot, but this method requires additional attention for the child so that he does not bite off a large piece that can get stuck in the respiratory tract.
4. It is necessary to reconsider the child’s diet, add more foods containing calcium (cheese, milk, cottage cheese).

Help needs to be comprehensive, then there will be a chance to overcome the teething period unnoticed by the baby and parents.

Video from Dr. Komarovsky:

If your throat is red, there is a runny nose and fever, then you should use antipyretics:

• Panadol;
• Paracetamol;
• Ibuprofen;
• Nurofen;
• Viburcol;
• Analdim;
• Tsefekon D.

It is important to strengthen the immune system during this period, then the disease will pass faster and without complications.

The following tools are suitable for this:

• Viferon;
• Anaferon;
• Arbidol;
• Wilosen;
• Taktivin.

To cleanse the nose and treat a runny nose, sprays, drops, and solutions are used:

• Nazivin;
• Naphthyzin;
• Otrivin;
• Rhino Stop;
• Rinofluimicil;
• Sinupret.

To eliminate redness in the throat, sprays, solutions, and wiping with a cotton swab or gauze are used.

For rubdowns:

• Miramistin;
• Chlorophyllipt;
• Furacilin.

For treatment:

• Orasept;
• Inhalipt;
• Neo-Angin;
• Bioparox;
• Hexoral;
• Lysobacter;
• Lugol.

Traditional methods:

1. For babies, rubs made from chamomile, mint, and sage are used. Make a decoction with 500 ml of water, choose one of medicinal herbs- 1 tbsp. l. and boil for 5-10 minutes. Warm broth is taken into a glass and rubbed on the throat 3-4 times a day.
2. Rubbing the gums and throat with a soda solution is effective.
3. For children over 1 year old, use rinsing the mouth with a solution of propolis and honey, decoctions of mint, sage, lavender, St. John's wort, and valerian.
4. Drinking tea with linden blossom and honey, raspberry and currant jam will have an antipyretic effect.

Video from Dr. Komarovsky about the first teeth:

The main thing for parents during this period is to be patient and not get annoyed by another hysteria or crying. Everything will pass with time, this is a natural process.

Teething is a difficult test for a child’s body and this condition is accompanied by various side effects; The nasopharynx is often an indicator of the disease process. It is important to be able to distinguish whether it is teething or an infection. Regardless of the root cause of the ailment, especially if the child has a red throat during teething, the help of a specialist is necessary.

Timing and order of teeth appearance

The appearance of the first teeth in children occurs between six months and one and a half years. And by the age of three, a child has about 20 of them. So, the first, at 6-10 months, are the lower central incisors, followed by the upper central incisors. Next, the upper and lower lateral incisors erupt. Thus, by the age of one and a half years, there are already 8 incisors present. Afterwards, the first molars begin to grow, then the canines, and finally the second molars. A baby's teeth should appear only one at a time, but sometimes they appear simultaneously.

First signs of teething

The first general signs of teething in infants may also indicate the presence of a cold or infection, as well as changes in environmental conditions. These include: anxiety, sleep disturbance, general malaise, weakness, loss of appetite, fever. Local symptoms include: excessive salivation, swelling and redness of the gums, slightly red root of the tongue, breast refusal, the child puts fingers, fists, toys in his mouth, less often there is slight nasal congestion, red throat.

Teeth and problems during teething

Since teething is not an easy process for a small organism, it can significantly reduce immunity. As a result, the child may have an increase in body temperature, abnormal stool, increased anxiety, tearfulness, moodiness, and unpleasant diseases such as thrush, stomatitis, and caries may appear. The symptoms that appear may indicate either inflammation or an infectious disease.

Cold or teeth

How to figure out whether a child has a cold or teeth? Determining what is the source of a baby’s teething discomfort is not easy. But there are some signs of the disease:

• loose, foamy, unpleasant-smelling stools;
• profuse snot, accompanied by lacrimation, and acute pain in the throat;
• severe fever or fever lasts more than two days

In all these cases, you should immediately consult a doctor.

In cases where the temperature lasts no more than two days, the stool changes, the snot is slight, even with some nasal congestion, the throat is red, and all this is accompanied by profuse salivation - most likely the reason is teething. In this case, antibiotics will not help, but will only worsen the situation.

Colds and hypothermia

Colds occur as a result of decreased immunity. It manifests itself as inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, and often resolves under the influence of a chronic bacterial infection on the body; but also a common cause of colds is hypothermia.

Inflammation of the tonsils, adenoids

The throat is red - could this be an infectious inflammation, and how to distinguish between these conditions? Tonsillitis, or inflammation of the tonsils, manifests itself in two forms - acute and chronic; it often occurs in conjunction with chronic adenoiditis, inflammation of the adenoids. The symptoms of both conditions are easy to distinguish from the teething condition: fever, bad smell from the mouth, whitish plaque on the tonsils, pain and redness in the throat, difficulty swallowing and breathing, against the background of proliferation of lymphoid tissue and narrowing of the respiratory lumen.

Allergy

Cytokine surge, or allergic rashes during the eruption of baby teeth. Teething is stressful for a child, his nervous system experiences increased stress, against this background the immune system is weakened, and the body responds either with the development of infectious conditions or with a decrease in resistance to chemicals and hygiene products.

For allergic rashes, air baths, daily hygiene of problem areas and care using special antihistamines are indicated.

Infections

The main rule for distinguishing an infectious disease from teething is to monitor the timing of elevated temperature and accompanying conditions (diarrhea, irritability, snot, redness of the throat, etc.). If the temperature lasts for more than two days, a white coating or blisters appear on the tongue, gums, lymphoid tissue, it’s time to consult a doctor to avoid possible complications and exclude symptoms of diseases not associated with teething.

Treatment

No special care is required during teething. It is important to spend more time with the child, distracting him from the constant aching pain. In exceptional cases, symptomatic treatment is used, for example, the use of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory drugs.

Rinse

Mouth and throat rinses are used both for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and to relieve pain during teething. For this, it is recommended to use decoctions of sage, chamomile, and saline solutions. It is advisable to rinse thirty minutes before or thirty minutes after meals.

Lubricating the throat

Lubricating the throat is used to relieve inflammation in infectious diseases and relieve pain during teething. For lubrication use: Chlorophyllipt solution, Miramistin (also used as a spray), sea ​​buckthorn oil, propolis oil. Lubrication is carried out either thirty minutes before or thirty minutes after meals, using a stick with a cotton swab at the end.

Traditional medicine to protect the baby

Traditional medicine offers its own ways to alleviate the condition of a child during teething:

• A decoction of chamomile flowers or honey (if you are not allergic to bee products) will help relieve teething pain. If you raise the head of the bed, the rush of blood during lying down will decrease and the pain will subside a little;
• You can relieve inflammation with anti-inflammatory drugs - a decoction of sage or valerian root;
• To facilitate teething, especially if the gums are very swollen, it is recommended to massage with rubber rings or vegetables (fresh carrots, cucumber) and fruits (apple, pear).

It should be borne in mind that when using one or more methods of helping your child, it is important to exclude possible contraindications.

How to remove a red throat and runny nose in infants Komarovsky

Dr. Komarovsky is not a supporter drug treatment, for this reason he advises against taking special measures to combat inflammation associated with teething. The cause of a runny nose in a baby during teething may be increased activity of the glands in the nasal passages. If there is discomfort or nasal congestion, Komarovsky advises using vasoconstrictor drops, saline solutions, and an aspirator to remove mucus. For a sore throat in a baby, if the gums are swollen, the doctor recommends gargling with herbal decoctions and warm drinks.

What are baby teeth used for?

How does a child cut teeth?

Teeth eruption and replacement

Why you need to treat and protect baby teeth

On the second day my daughter’s temperature jumped to 38.4. Typically, I apply the gel - it drops to 37.4, then over time it rises again. Yesterday, as soon as I got up for the first time, we immediately went to the clinic. The doctor looked at me, said, “teeth, but my throat is red,” and sent me home. They gave my daughter Ibuprofen in the evening, she slept all night without a fever. And it wasn't until lunchtime. Then the doctor came, looked again and said again that my throat was red and prescribed us an antibiotic. Like, if the temperature rises again, then start giving. And now I’m at a loss: I really don’t want to give an antibiotic, since the beginning of the year I’ve already taken it three times. The temperature keeps jumping from 38.0 to 37.4. But my daughter is alive, eats everything, even plays, all the symptoms of teething: saliva, and chews on everything, and is capricious. What to do? Is it worth watching for another day or not? Has anyone else had a red throat when teething?

Can there be a cough during teething in children (Komarovsky)

Teething is a difficult time that parents have to face sooner or later. This period passes differently for everyone, for some children they come out painlessly and unexpectedly, for other children their incisors come out with pain, hysterics and poor health.

Can there be a cough during teething?

As a rule, when teeth come in, children’s immunity is weakened, so along with their appearance the following signs of illness may appear:

• runny nose;
• cough;
• sputum discharge;
• red throat;
• hoarse voice;
• wheezing in the throat;
• temperature;
• poor appetite;
• sleep disturbance.

Many parents are interested in the question of whether there can be a cough during teething. Reply #8212; positive. This symptom often appears, but you should not think that it is obligatory; there are many children whose appendages come out painlessly.

Cough during teething in children occurs for the following reasons:

• nasal congestion;
• salivation that accumulates in the larynx;
• hidden disease that has nothing to do with the appearance of incisors;
• long-term cold.

Also, all the signs mentioned above can appear during the eruption of molar processes. Most often, teeth hurt during sleep and symptoms of the disease appear at night.

What kind of cough occurs in children during teething?

Many people are concerned about the question of what kind of cough is possible when teeth are being cut. In fact, it can be anything: dry, wet or wet (with phlegm). None of these types require treatment, because medications can only progress the disease.

Wet occurs due to phlegm and saliva accumulated in the throat - for these reasons, hoarseness appears. Children may also cough up accumulated mucus several times during the day.

As a rule, this type of symptom lasts no more than 3 days. If it becomes severe, and shortness of breath and wheezing appear, the help of a doctor is needed, as these are signs of complications of the cold.

Dry #8212; in infants it occurs after prolonged crying, due to the fact that there is dryness in the throat, the baby begins to cough. Such phenomena last no more than two days. If your baby's voice is hoarse, don't panic ahead of time - this is within normal limits.

If you are interested in why a baby hiccups in the womb, simply click here. After all, the causes of intrauterine hiccups in a baby can be due to various reasons.

How to remove a red throat and runny nose in infants (Komarovsky)

Of course, many parents begin to worry about their baby getting sick and wonder how to treat it. Special approach not required, you just need to spend as much time as possible with him and constantly distract him from the aching pain.

Snot during teething occurs for various reasons, one of the common ones is increased activity of the glands in the nasal passages. Usually, a child does not develop a runny nose, but so-called mucus, which secretes for up to 4 days. If it causes discomfort, then you should use vasoconstrictor drops. You can also use an aspirator to remove your baby's mucus or snot.

If you don’t know whether nasal congestion can occur from teeth, you can watch the video at the end of the publication, in which Dr. Komarovsky talks about how these phenomena are related. To relieve a baby's throat pain, you need to gargle with herbal infusions and drink warm teas. You can read recipes on the forum, ask a doctor, or use your own experience.

In order to get rid of accumulated mucus in the nose, it is recommended to use AquaMaris in the form of drops or spray. It is recommended to use this drug 3-4 times a day, especially since sea water is completely safe.

Read useful articles:

Alena*Tashkent. In my opinion, it is better to solve such problems as they arise. Nothing significant is bothering the child now - it’s worth getting by with minimal effort - cool, moist air, plenty of fluids, minimal food, perhaps multivitamins.
Now I can handle the situation much more calmly when a child has a runny nose - the most I can do is rub the feet at night with a warming ointment, or warm them in a bath with pine extract (plus the regimen described above). I’ve just had my own observations a couple of times already - I don’t overdo it with treatment, especially in the future - everything goes away by itself, I start fussing - I get the full program: nasopharyngitis, fever, seriously and for a long time. And it’s difficult to check - would it have been like this if I had left her alone and fought on her own?

assistant moderator Messages: 9061 Registered: Fri Jul 27, 2007 16:02 Where: Sillamäe, Estonia Thanked: 22 times Thanked: 19 times Contact Information:

The child is one year and 7 months old, today we went to kindergarten and he was taken out with a red throat. How can you cure a sore throat in 3 days? I don’t want to sit on sick leave, and when we approached the apartment the child got hysterical and didn’t want to go home, he’s very much in kindergarten. like

Messages: 1234 Registered: Mon Mar 28, 2005 11:03 Where: Kaliningrad Thanked: 1 time Contact Information:

latiffa. Is there anything besides the red neck? Last week we also left the kindergarten with sniffles and a red throat, but it was still warm. The doctor prescribed an inhalant for my throat. It’s better to stay at home and wait for a full recovery.

Messages: 99 Registered: Sun Dec 02, 2007 12:58 Where: Ivanovo, Russia

Hello. and we have such a problem. Yesterday afternoon I fed the babies (9 months) kefir + cottage cheese + fruits from the refrigerator. After dinner (vegetable puree), the boy started vomiting half an hour later, then pooped liquid. The girl is fine. An hour after the last feeding (formula), the boy vomited again. And at night the temperature rose to 39 and again he pooped loosely. I gave him an antipyretic (Efferalgan), the temperature dropped, and the boy slept almost peacefully until the morning. In the morning the temperature rose again to 38.1, I drank some water and pooped loosely again. I called the doctor. The doctor said that the baby has a very red throat and swollen gums (teeth are creeping out). And that vomiting and loose stool- these are predecessors, and then the result of high temperature. And she prescribed an antibiotic - amoxicillin in suspension. I don’t know what to do, I don’t want to give my baby antibiotics

Can babies have a runny nose when teething?

The development of teeth in a child begins while he is still in the womb, where the development of tooth buds in the gums of infants occurs. It is a very common belief that a baby’s teeth should appear only in a strictly defined sequence and only at a certain age. In fact, there is neither a strict order nor a strict distinction by age. For all babies this happens strictly individually and depends on many factors. That is, the appearance of teeth in children is as individual as weight gain, growth, and development.
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Timing and order of teething

Timing and order of teething

Naturally, there are certain general trends in teething; for most children, their first teeth appear at approximately 4-7 months. Deviations, up or down, should under no circumstances worry parents. In general, the lower and upper incisors appear first, then the second incisors, the first molars, the canines, then the second molars. The order in which teeth appear in each baby may also be different. By about three years of age, each baby becomes the owner of a row of 20 baby teeth, which are preserved (with proper care) he has until he is 6-7 years old, after which their replacement with permanent teeth begins.
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First signs of teething

First signs of teething

The symptoms accompanying the process of teething in infants are as specific as the timing and age of teething. So some children endure teething absolutely easily and painlessly, while their happy parents discover teeth completely by accident. In other children, teething is painful and is accompanied by various conditions that cause discomfort for the baby. Soreness and swelling of the gums, increased salivation - these are the symptoms that appear in children a month or two before teething (this period may be shorter). Children begin to be disturbed by these factors, resulting in anxiety, irritability, and disturbed sleep and appetite. The gums begin to itch, and in response, the baby begins to put everything in his mouth. Closer to the moment when the tooth appears, a small whitish spot, a whitish line, or a thin white protrusion appears on the gum.

Childhood illnesses are inevitable in most cases. However, every parent would like to reduce their number or at least prevent the development of complications. How can you help if a child gets sick? How to treat a cold or ARVI?

Cold in childhood occurs very often. Usually this term also means ordinary acute respiratory viral infections. How are these diseases different, and what can be done as first aid?

ARVI is caused by viruses. They can be very different:

• rhinovirus;
• adenovirus;
• parvovirus;
• influenza and parainfluenza;
• respiratory syncytial virus;
• enterovirus and others.

To get an ARVI, you need contact with a sick person. Infection usually occurs through airborne droplets.

A cold is always preceded by hypothermia. It can develop due to being in a draft or walking in too light clothes.

Sometimes, on the contrary, parents dress the child warmly, and he quickly sweats, after which he freezes in wet clothes. Overheating is no less dangerous than hypothermia.

The result is a decrease in the body's defenses and activation of opportunistic microflora. Most often, a cold is an exacerbation of chronic diseases, such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, adenoiditis, otitis media, bronchitis.

But sometimes hypothermia makes it easier for the virus to penetrate the body, and a common ARVI develops. What can you do if your child starts to get sick?

First aid

Any parents want their baby to recover as soon as possible. And often they are ready to give the child the most expensive and, in their opinion, the most effective drugs. Many people also expect appropriate prescriptions from their pediatrician—medicines for every symptom.

However, polypharmacy (excessive use of drugs) is not only not useful, but most often it is harmful to the child’s body.

When the first symptoms of a cold appear in children, you need to remember simple but effective measures and start with them.

First of all, you need to take care of the following points:

• Ventilation.
• Humidifying the air in the apartment.
• The right clothes.
• Moisturizing mucous membranes.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Decrease in body temperature.

Ventilation

From temperature environment and its moisture depends on the course of the disease and its duration. You should always be more careful with children than with adults. Too warm and dry air contributes to overheating of their body.

This is especially dangerous when the temperature rises. It is also an excellent habitat for pathogenic viruses and bacteria. It is in dry air that they can live for a long time and retain the ability to reproduce.

In conditions of central heating, it is not easy to influence the ambient temperature. The only way to achieve cooling and air circulation is ventilation. It is this method that can quickly and effectively reduce the concentration of microbes in the apartment. Ventilation will not only ease the course of the disease, but also protect other family members from infection.

Many parents and especially the older generation are afraid to ventilate the room, because staying in a draft is dangerous even for healthy child. This is certainly true. And therefore, when the windows open, the sick baby must be transferred to another room.

How often should you ventilate? The more often this happens, the faster the concentration of pathogenic microbes decreases, and the less likely it is that the disease will develop complications.

The optimal temperature in a room when a child is ill ranges from 18 to 20 °C. And it’s better to let it be 17 °C than 22 °C.

Hydration

Microbes thrive in dry air, but high humidity prevents their normal movement. In addition, humidified air is beneficial for breathing and mucous membranes even when not sick. It is advisable that the humidity in the child's room is at least 70%. Even figures of 75–80% are preferable to 40–50%.

How to quickly and effectively increase air humidity if your baby starts to get sick? Previously, pediatricians advised hanging wet diapers or towels on radiators. However, with the advent of indoor humidity meters - hygrometers - it became clear that these measures are ineffective. Humidity, if it increased, was to an insignificant extent.

The most effective were devices called “humidifiers.” Today's market offers parents wide choose these devices. They come from different manufacturers and sometimes differ significantly in price. However, even the cheapest humidifier normalizes air humidity faster than wet laundry. These devices must be used in combination with hygrometers.

Also, if a child suddenly gets sick with a cold, it is advisable to wash the floors more often. On the one hand, this helps to humidify the air, and on the other hand, it effectively rids the room of dust in which microbes live.

The right clothes

Previously, there was an opinion that if a child had a cold, he should sweat. To do this, they put on warm pajamas and woolen socks, covered him with a thick blanket and gave him tea with raspberries. And the air in the room was warmed using improvised means.

However, in case of illness, these measures are dangerous, especially if the baby has a fever. Warm, tight clothing prevents the body from cooling and increases fever.

But even if a sick child does not have hyperthermia, there is no point in overheating him. The air temperature in the room should be no higher than 20 °C, and clothing should correspond to it. Usually this is a lounge suit or pajamas with long sleeves made of natural fabric. At a temperature of 20 °C it can be thin, cotton, and at 17–18 °C it can be thicker, for example, from a flannel. It is better to dress your baby warmly at a lower temperature than to undress him at 25–30 °C.

Moisturizing mucous membranes

You can often hear recommendations from modern doctors on how to moisturize mucous membranes during colds. The famous pediatrician Evgeny Komarovsky speaks about this especially often - in his programs and books.

Why is this measure so important? In addition to general immunity, which operates throughout the body, there is also local immunity. Saliva and mucous secretions contain special antibodies that prevent pathogenic bacteria and viruses from penetrating deep into the body. They are the first line of defense.

But the less fluid in the mouth and nose, the lower the effectiveness of local immunity. With dry mucous membranes, it practically does not work.

First of all, parents need to prevent these areas from drying out. The child must receive sufficient fluids. In addition, you should pay attention to his toothpaste. Sometimes an incorrectly selected product contributes to the development of dry mouth.

However, most effective measure is moisturizing the mucous membranes with saline solutions.

Saline solutions

When a child gets a cold, what is the first thing to do? You need to go to the pharmacy for saline solution. In the future, they should always be at hand.

Ready-made saline solutions are very convenient to use. They are often available in the form of sprays. Some - for example, Salin - are sold in bottles in the form of a solution.

The main disadvantage of such drugs is their price. Often it is quite high. However, this does not mean that during illness you need to give up moisturizing the mucous membranes.

At the pharmacy you can buy a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride, which is a saline solution, and its price is quite affordable for most people.

If you can’t buy medicine, you can prepare the solution yourself. To do this, dissolve a teaspoon of ordinary table salt in one liter of warm boiled water. Then the liquid is poured into a bottle; you can use a thoroughly washed container to remove vasoconstrictor drops.

The drier the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose, the more often they need to be irrigated. It is almost impossible to overdose on saline solution.

The most well-known ready-made preparations for moisturizing are:

• Humer.
• Lamisol.
• Salin.
• Aquamarine.

Drink plenty of fluids

Drinking plenty of fluids when you have a cold is an excellent detoxifier. Besides, a large number of warm liquid softens dry cough and facilitates sputum discharge.

• Warm sweet tea.
• Fruit drinks and compotes at room temperature.
• Table or alkaline water without gas.
• Herbal teas - for example, chamomile.

The drink should be warm, not hot, otherwise it will burn and irritate the inflamed mucous membranes.

It is very important to feed your child when he is sick, even if he doesn’t really want it. Parents should be offered a variety of drinks to choose from. In addition, the drink should be sweetened. You can use sugar or honey for this purpose.

When sick, energy consumption in the baby’s body increases significantly, and its universal source is glucose.

In conditions of sugar deficiency, metabolism starts in a different way, and ketone bodies begin to accumulate in the blood. They are then excreted in the urine, as a result of which it acquires the characteristic odor of acetone.

Acetonemia worsens the child's condition and causes the following symptoms:

• nausea and vomiting;
• weakness, severe lethargy;
• lack of appetite.

Prevention and treatment of acetonemia is drinking plenty of sweet drinks.

Temperature reduction

The first symptom of an onset of illness is often an increase in temperature. Many parents are wary of hyperthermia and strive to rid their baby of fever as soon as possible. However, this is not always necessary.

An increase in temperature is considered a protective reaction. At the same time, the body actively produces interferon, which destroys viruses. As soon as hyperthermia is stopped, the production of this natural protector stops.

It is necessary to reduce the temperature when it worsens the child’s condition. This usually occurs when the thermometer readings are 38.5–39 °C. Some babies do not tolerate fever well even at 37.8–38.0 °C. In this case, the fight against hyperthermia needs to start earlier.

Regular ventilation and cooling of the air helps normalize body temperature. You can also use warm water wipes. It is important that it is not cool or cold, as this will cause vasospasm and increase hyperthermia.

You should not rub your babies with alcohol or vodka - alcohol will easily penetrate the skin and begin to poison the body. Water-vinegar rubdowns in children are also not recommended.

However, even with a common cold, the temperature can rise very quickly. And in this case, you cannot do without antipyretic drugs.

Antipyretic drugs

In childhood, two main drugs are approved to reduce fever. These are ibuprofen (Nurofen) and paracetamol (Efferalgan).

Analgin is not recommended for use in children due to its toxic effect on the blood system. But, despite this, it continues to be used in hospitals and by ambulance teams when a quick antipyretic effect is required. And yet, this medicine has no place in a home medicine cabinet.

Previously, a drug containing nimesulide was widely used in children. The children's suspension was called "Nise". Nimesulide has established itself as a highly effective antipyretic, but toxic kidney damage observed in some studies during treatment led to a ban on this medicine in children.

The most dangerous is the previously popular Aspirin. It has been proven that treating colds, ARVI and flu with this remedy in children under 12 years of age is fraught with the development of Reye's syndrome - a formidable and extremely dangerous liver injury. Currently, pediatricians do not use Aspirin in their practice at all.

There are a number of other medications that should not be used at the onset of a cold in children.

What other medications are not advisable when the baby is just starting to get sick? First of all, these are antiviral agents. Currently, there are no etiotropic drugs around the world that would effectively fight ARVI. Perhaps the only effective remedy is oseltamivir (Tamiflu), but the indications for its use are quite narrow, and self-medication with it is unacceptable.

Antiallergic medications for the common cold are also pointless, although they can often be seen in the prescriptions of some pediatricians.

Pharmacists often recommend that parents purchase immunostimulants or immunomodulators that will help the child quickly cope with the infection. However, there are currently no truly effective drugs for this purpose, as well as antiviral ones. Most often, they only have a psychotherapeutic and calming effect on parents.

It should also be remembered that drug intervention in a child’s normal immunity is unacceptable, and it does much more harm than good.

At the onset of a cold, cough tablets and syrups are not needed. Suppressing the cough reflex is possible only with whooping cough; in all other cases it is dangerous.

If you prescribe drugs to thin the mucus and make it easier to clear, this will most likely worsen the cough.

Antibiotics

Do you need antibiotics for a cold? These drugs do not act on viruses and such treatment is pointless. In addition, uncontrolled prescription of antibiotics to a child who has been sick more than once leads to the development of drug resistance of microbes and suppression of the immune system.

The doctor thinks about these medications if on the fourth day of illness the little patient’s condition only worsens. But even this is not an indication for starting antibiotic therapy. Only data from an objective examination and laboratory tests or radiography are important.

When a baby gets sick, you can and should help him overcome the infection. However, in most cases this does not require medication.

But foreign doctors are of the opinion that for a child who actively attends children's institutions and groups (in other words, for those kids who go to kindergarten or school, and also walk on the playground, go to children's matinees and to the cinema, etc. .) getting viral infections 6 to 10 times a year is absolutely normal and even useful in a certain sense. After all, every time, coping with another infection, the child’s immunity becomes stronger and stronger. In fact, this is exactly the way it is formed.

So, it is quite possible that your worries called “my child is often sick”, from the point of view of Western doctors, have no basis at all for anxiety and panic.

The frequency of episodes of viral infections directly depends on how intensely you and your children come into contact with other people and other children. After all, every human body is a carrier of a gigantic amount of viruses and bacteria, which we constantly exchange during communication. Living in a metropolis, leading an active lifestyle and not getting sick often is almost impossible. It is important to simply change the very attitude towards this circumstance: getting sick often for children 1-10 years old is not scary, it is normal in the conditions of modern urban realities.

As the baby grows older, the child’s immunity will become stronger and the often sick child will turn into a rarely sick teenager.

It is important not how often a child gets sick, but how quickly he recovers

So, let us remind you: if a child gets sick often, this does not indicate any anomaly immune system, and there is no threat to his health. The child continues to remain completely normal even after the doctors wrote “ChBD” on his medical record.

The main thing in this whole situation is not how often the child gets sick, but at what cost the baby gets better. If every viral infection (ARVI) in a child proceeds within the acceptable limits, without complications, and goes away without leaving a trace within about 7-8 days, then parents simply have no reason to worry. Even if the baby picks up such viral infections once a month.

What does it mean to “get sick within the limits of what is permissible”? Normally, any standard acute respiratory viral infection in a child should go away on its own when certain conditions are created approximately 6-7 days after infection. Certain conditions mean:

• During ARVI, the child should receive plenty of fluids;
• a child with a viral infection should eat only if he/she asks for it(if the child has no appetite, it is absolutely forbidden to feed him!);
• a child with ARVI should be in a room with an air temperature of no more than 19 ° C(in this case, the baby must, of course, be dressed warmly) and a humidity of about 55-65%;

If these simple conditions are met, then, as a rule, the baby does not need any drug treatment(except for the use of antipyretics in cases where body temperature exceeds 38 ° C).

After 5 days from the moment of infection, the child’s body will independently produce such a quantity of interferons (cell protectors) that they themselves will defeat the disease, regardless of whether you give the child additional ones or not. That is why many pediatricians insist that during an acute respiratory viral infection without complications, one should not rush into drug therapy for a child, but it is quite possible to stick to drinking plenty of fluids and enjoying your favorite cartoons.

Individual symptoms, such as or even those who often suffer from ARVI, can also be treated quite effectively without medications - we have already written about this in detail.

If, under these conditions, your baby gets sick easily and recovers quickly, then no matter how often he suffers from viral infections, this should not cause a feeling of anxiety, much less a desire to “finally give him some more effective medicine.”

Can a frequently ill child eventually become a rarely ill teenager and adult?

And those children who get sick only 1-2 times a year, and those who manage to “catch” a dozen ARVIs in 6 months - both of them, growing up, equally develop stronger and more stable immunity. Accordingly, the older children become, the less often they get sick.

Frequently ill children (FIC) continue to get sick frequently in adulthood, usually only in those cases when they grow up (and endlessly “heal”) surrounded by hypochondriac relatives. And with adequate parents (who try not to “overfeed” the child with all kinds of syrups and tablets for “every sneeze”, do not soak his feet in boiling water every evening, etc.), children, even if they are often sick, always grow up to be rarely sick teenagers

All children, without exception, sometimes have a stomach ache - and there may be a dozen different reasons for this. How can you independently, without the help of a doctor, determine which abdominal pain in a child is dangerous and requires quick “rescue” measures, and which pain can be eliminated by self-medication?

There are no children in the world who never have a stomach ache. Adult children can talk in detail about where and how they hurt, younger children can point with their fingers, but babies, alas, cannot tell anything about their pain. Meanwhile, not only the method of treatment, but even whether the baby will stay at home or needs to be urgently hospitalized depends on the nature of abdominal pain in children and the location of its localization...

Abdominal pain – familiar from childhood

...And nearby are hippos
Grabbing their tummies:
They, the hippos,
Stomachs hurt...
...And Aibolit runs to the hippos,
And pats them on the tummies,
And everyone in order
Gives me chocolate
And sets and sets thermometers for them!...

From the point of view of pediatrics, Korney Ivanovich, of course, slightly embellished the situation - alas, it will not be possible to “really” cure abdominal pain in a child (even a “child” of a hippopotamus) with the help of chocolate and patting. You will have to choose a “real” and safe medicine. But the remedy for stomach pain can only be chosen correctly when you clearly understand the reason why the child has a stomach ache. And as it turns out, there are more than a dozen of them...

For example, in newborns and infants, the most common cause of abdominal pain is, of course,. About 70% of all babies suffer from this temporary phenomenon and cry bitterly during attacks. But, fortunately, colic in newborns and infants is a temporary attack, and, as a rule, they go away on their own by the age of 4-6 months.

Why does a child have a stomach ache: the most common causes of pain

So, newborns and infants most often cry because of a very specific and purely infantile misfortune - colic. What about older kids? Why do these children have stomach pain?

The older a child gets, the more potential causes for abdominal pain there are.

In older children (starting from the age when the child himself becomes more “mobile” and active), among the groups of causes of abdominal pain are usually listed:

1. The most common and most common reason why a child has a stomach ache comes down to one word - constipation. This misfortune happens to children, in turn, also due to various circumstances -.
2. Gastroenteritis (i.e. inflammatory diseases stomach and/or small intestine). Intestinal infections cause the greatest pain to children, both viral (the most common of them is) and bacterial (for example, dysentery).
3. Nutritional features (the baby ate a low-quality product that caused diarrhea, or one of the foods provoked diarrhea, or simply - the child ate much more than he can digest, etc.).
4. Poisoning with poisons and drugs (for example, most antibiotics can cause mild abdominal pain in children).
5. Diseases of a surgical nature, for example: intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, ulcer, hernia and others.

How to find out: is a child’s abdominal pain caused by some serious illness that requires hospitalization?

This is a fact - most often children’s stomachs hurt from colic (if they are still just babies) and from constipation (if their age has already “passed” 6-12 months).

A little less often - from (like rotavirus) and banal digestive disorders (ate “the wrong thing” or ate too much of something...). Other reasons why a child has a stomach ache are even less common.

However, when our baby, doubled over, cries from stomach pain, we usually imagine much more serious misfortunes - maybe the child has acute appendicitis? Or was he poisoned? What if he has an ulcer, gastritis or hernia? In a word, the parental imagination quickly paints a gloomy picture in the darkest colors...

But in reality, such dangerous and acute pain in the abdomen, which can actually indicate serious diseases that require urgent medical attention, can be identified by some special markers (signs). The most obvious and simple one is the exact location of the pain.

In the vast majority of cases, children who say that their “tummy hurts” point to the navel area. And this is, in a certain sense, a good sign! Remember: the further from the navel area the place that “according to” the baby is in pain is located, the sooner you need to call a doctor. Especially if the child grabs his side (any side) with his hands and says that it hurts a lot. In this case, call an ambulance immediately.

However, there are other symptoms associated with abdominal pain that require urgent medical attention. So:

A child has a stomach ache: in what cases should you urgently find a doctor?

1. The child has a stomach ache, but the pain is not in the navel area;
2. Pain lasts more than 24 hours;
3. If your abdominal pain is accompanied by one or more of the following symptoms:

• the child broke out in a cold sweat and his skin became pale;
• the child's temperature has risen sharply;
• blood appeared in the stool or vomit (any amount - even one drop is enough to “fly” to the doctor!);
• it became painful for the baby to pee (painful urination);
• the child vomits and the vomit is yellow, green, or black;
• The baby has become very lethargic, sleepy, and refuses not only to eat, but also to drink.
• in boys, abdominal pain is combined with pain in the groin or testicles.

1. If a child has a stomach ache, but the pain is not constant, but episodic, and at the same time it is combined with diarrhea, which has lasted for more than 72 hours, or is combined with vomiting, which has not gone away for more than a day.

It is very important for parents to know that if their child is vomiting, they should never use antiemetic drugs on their own. None and under no circumstances!

The vast majority of cases of abdominal pain in a child that are not included in this list (that is, the pain is localized in the navel area and is not accompanied by the above symptoms) do not require medical intervention.

And yet - no one has canceled the pain! The child really suffers from having a stomach ache. How can you help him in such cases (since you have determined that he does not need emergency medical care)?

How to relieve a child from stomach pain

Naturally, first of all, measures to help a child who has a stomach ache will correspond to why the pain appeared. In other words, the cause always determines the treatment.

1. Find out if your baby is constipated. And if there is one, give a remedy for constipation based on lactulose syrup.
2. Stop feeding the baby. If pain appears due to the introduction of a new product into the complementary feeding program, immediately discontinue this product.
3. Introduce a drinking regime. Ideally, you should give special oral rehydration products (sold in pharmacies) to drink, which will restore the water-salt balance in the child’s body. If there are none, give us clean still water. Under no circumstances should you give: sweet soda (any lemonade and fizzy drinks), any fruit juices and dairy drinks.
4. If the cause of abdominal pain in a child is excessive gas formation, he can be given any drug based on the substance simethicone.

An extremely common way of parental help when a child has a stomach ache is a heating pad. However, in some situations (for example, with any inflammatory process), a heating pad for abdominal pain can cause a sharp deterioration in the condition. Therefore, only a doctor can prescribe a heating pad for the stomach, and only after making an accurate diagnosis.

A child has a stomach ache and a fever: what does this mean?

If a child has a stomach ache and there is heat, this gives a high chance of suspecting an intestinal infection in the child. By the way, in addition to the rise in temperature, there may be other symptoms, for example, the widespread nature of the disease.

With intestinal infections, people (including children) never get sick alone - such diseases are always widespread. Therefore, if you know that in kindergarten or cases of some kind of intestinal infection were discovered at school, and your baby began to complain of abdominal pain and fever - there is a high probability that he, too, “picked up” the infection “along the chain”...

If your baby has a stomach ache and a fever, get ready for the fact that the whole family will most likely have to be treated for an intestinal infection.

I love it infectious disease it is necessary to treat immediately, especially an intestinal infection. However, we have already said several hundred times - only a qualified doctor has the right to diagnose a child who is suspected of having an infection. And only he, relying on the diagnosis, is able to draw up a treatment plan as correctly as possible.

Thus, if your child complains of abdominal pain and at the same time his temperature rises sharply, seek medical help immediately.

By the way, interesting fact: most of the most dangerous diseases, which usually cause severe abdominal pain and require urgent surgical intervention, are never accompanied by elevated temperature. It turns out that fever willingly “keeps company” with infections, but almost always stays away from surgical diseases.

So, to summarize: the vast majority of children experience abdominal pain from time to time. The most common reason for this is constipation or some nutritional problems. There is no need to be particularly afraid of such pains - they pass (and most often pass quickly), do not require any serious therapy, and even moreover, often do not even require a doctor’s examination.

All children get sick, and all parents are very worried about this. Adults pay almost no attention to their illnesses, but children’s illnesses immediately become a cause of increased concern. In fact, this is normal, because we do not live in sterile conditions, and the body reacts to the environment this way. But what to do if the child is often sick? The answer lies not on the surface, but in the very depths - in the reason for such frequent morbidity.

As already mentioned, all children get sick. The only question is how often and where is the line between normal seasonal reactivity of the body and pathological morbidity.

Pediatricians generally believe that the normal incidence of illness in children under 12 months is no more than 4 times a year. Between the ages of three and six years, it ranges from 3 to 6 illnesses per year. In children school age– 2–3 times. This is due to the child being in a close group. IN kindergarten, in real conditions, the teacher is not able to make sure that everyone is well dressed and does not pick up anything from the floor.

Just like modern parents do not always have the opportunity to stay at home with sick children and send them, with colds, to kindergartens and schools, where they infect other children. This is especially noticeable in kindergarten groups. If one child gets sick, within a couple of days everyone gets sick. Thus, if a preschool-age child gets sick more than six times a year, and a school-age child more than three or four times, this is a sign of frequent illness and a reason to pay attention to the state of your child’s immunity.

In addition, it is one thing if a child often suffers simply from viral respiratory diseases, and quite another if almost every respiratory infection is complicated, for example, by a sore throat. The difference is that classic ARVI is caused by a virus and requires intensive antiviral therapy. A sore throat (in medicine - acute tonsillitis) is a complication in which a bacterial infection occurs against the background of a weakened immune system by the virus. And she will not be cured without antibiotics.

The main question, if a child often suffers from sore throat, is why? A bacterial infection can “attach” only to severely damaged tonsils, which are loose and inflamed, with enlarged lacunae - an ideal environment for bacteria to multiply. Sore throat is difficult to treat, and often parents stop treatment early, leaving traces of inflammation that make acute sore throat a chronic process. The most serious cause of frequent sore throats in children is improper treatment of viral infections, bacterial infections and weakened immunity. We will talk about the reasons for weakened immunity below.

What are the causes of regular illnesses?

There can be many reasons why a child may often suffer from colds and sore throats. The main one, as mentioned above, is the child’s presence in a children’s group. It is worth noting that many reasons, including this one, should not be eliminated. It is better to influence other factors and significantly reduce the risks of the disease.

Among the reasons why a child often gets sick, you need to pay attention to the following.

Lack of required vaccinations for the child . Unfortunately, many parents deliberately refuse vaccination. Word of mouth broadcasts about the danger, and that after vaccinations children allegedly get sick even more. It is not true. A vaccine is a greatly weakened or killed pathogen that provokes the formation of antibodies to a specific disease. These antibodies provide immunity that protects the child in the future. There are only two ways to form antibodies - vaccination (in which the child will simply have a fever for a couple of days, but will not get sick) or the disease in its entirety. And it is better to give the child immunity to the same measles, and protect him from the disease itself in the future.

Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract. No matter what pharmacists say, any sinusitis is a chronic disease. If a child has been diagnosed with some type of sinusitis, there is a very high chance that it will occur again. A chronic inflammatory process on the mucous membranes greatly weakens their protective properties. And the more often relapses (repeated diseases) occur, the stronger and more irreversible the mucosal defects become and the lower the immunity.

Lack of additional immune strengthening. All children, without exception, have a weaker immune system than any adult. Therefore, it needs to be further strengthened. Old, unforgotten methods and modern developments in medicine and pharmaceuticals can significantly reduce the incidence of illness in children, even in dangerous periods- autumn and spring.

Tendency to allergies. The first thing to remember is the hereditary nature of any allergy. That is, if one of the parents has a severe allergy in any of its variants, there is a very high probability that the child will also have it. Children with a tendency to allergic reactions get sick much more often. Therefore, any treatment they receive should include antihistamines (antiallergic) drugs.

Frequent stay in places with large crowds of people . This does not mean that it is necessary to limit the child’s communication. But still, it is worth considering that visiting such places by children under 10 years of age significantly increases the risk of disease. Prevention is necessary.

Congenital immunodeficiency . Bad habits mothers before and during pregnancy, the influence of negative environmental factors, poor nutrition of the mother during feeding, nutritional deficiency, birth defects, prematurity - all these are the causes of congenital immunodeficiency in the child.

Refusal of breastfeeding. Mother's milk is the best immunostimulant; neither man nor nature has yet come up with anything more effective. Breast milk has an absolutely individual composition, that is, milk from a particular mother ideally meets the needs of her child. It contains substances that cannot be recreated artificially and placed in mixtures for baby food. That's why breast milk irreplaceable. In addition, studies show that children who receive breast milk all the time they need get sick 3-4 times less and have good health.

As you can see, it is quite possible to take control of all the causes and thereby reduce the risks of the disease.

What to do?

First of all, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations to determine the cause, which includes consultations with the following specialists:

All of these specialists can and most likely will prescribe a series of tests and studies, including:

• general blood and urine analysis;
• blood biochemistry;
• coprogram and stool analysis for helminth eggs;
• immunogram;
• tests to determine sensitivity to allergens;
• blood test for HIV/AIDS - there is no need to ignore it or panic, this is a standard procedure;
• fluorogram;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.

When the cause is determined, the doctor will give specific instructions to eliminate the causes. You should do the following on your own, no matter how often the child gets sick:

If possible, you should pick up your child from preschool for the fall and spring period. You can socialize him yourself, as well as teach him important skills. And contacts with other children in confined spaces will be significantly reduced. These contacts are acceptable and even desirable fresh air where there is good ventilation.

Hardening . For children, hardening does not mean dousing them with cold water and walking in the snow. But playing sports, changing places, swimming in summer period can significantly strengthen the baby’s immunity and prevent respiratory diseases.

Correct treatment of acute respiratory infections. The doctor prescribes treatment not with the goal of increasing the welfare of pharmaceutical companies, but with the goal of curing the child. If the prescribed treatment turns out to be prohibitively expensive, contact your pediatrician again and ask if there are cheaper analogues or substitutes. In any case, it is important to remember that treatment of any acute respiratory infection should last at least five days, and during this time the child should not attend children’s groups, so as not to infect other children and not complicate the course of his illness. Also, you should not resort to self-medication and interrupt treatment before recovery.

Prevention . Today there are a number of drugs that stimulate the development of natural immunity in children. They are divided into interferons of natural origin and artificial. Natural interferons are more effective because they are completely compatible with the body. It will also not be superfluous to periodically take courses of poly- and monovitamins. For a detailed regimen of taking vitamins, you should contact your pediatrician.

Don't refuse vaccinations . If you have concerns about the quality of vaccines, consult and purchase the vaccines yourself. Try to keep up with the recommended schedule. Also, do not forget about preventive seasonal flu vaccinations. They should be done in the middle and end of summer, so that antibodies have time to develop by autumn.

Correct mode . A child’s food should be tasty, high in calories (not synonymous with fat), balanced and fortified. Don't forget that the usual benefits of tea with lemon disappear as soon as you pour in the lemon. hot water. The same applies to currant compotes and beets in borscht. Vitamin C breaks down at temperatures above 70 degrees.

There is no need to force your child to eat. The body itself knows when it is hungry. Children's is no exception. It is necessary to include as many fresh vegetables and fruits in your diet as possible. To get specific recommendations for your child, the mother should contact a nutritionist.

The child should sleep at least 7 hours a day at night. Young children have their own sleep patterns. It is individual and also depends on the needs of each individual baby. The right mattress, pillow, and comfortable temperature created by the blanket improve the quality of sleep. And warm milk with a little honey will help you fall asleep faster. To avoid overstimulation before bedtime, you should not allow children to watch TV or play on the computer in the last 2-3 hours before going to bed. But moderate physical activity On the contrary, it is welcome.

Drinking water. The child should drink a lot. In this case, portions of liquid should be limited to one glass of liquid every 2–3 hours. Urination should be regular.

Fresh air . Systematic ventilation, good room ventilation and regular walks improve lung function. In addition, it is important to maintain the correct temperature and water conditions in the room. The ideal temperature for a children's room is 18–22 degrees. The air in the room should be moist and cool. Warm, humid air promotes the growth of bacteria, while dry air dries out the mucous membranes, causing a runny nose and deterioration of the body's defenses.

Timely contact with a specialist . Regardless of the level of trust in medicine, children’s illnesses are entirely the responsibility of the parents. You shouldn’t be lazy looking for a good pediatrician, you shouldn’t neglect consultations with other specialists and put off treatment. Diseases tend to pile on top of each other if neglected. It is necessary to achieve high-quality diagnosis and treatment and insist on monitoring the healing process.