How much work experience is needed for a pension? Minimum length of service for an old-age pension: what it should be in Russia

The new law also contains a restriction on how to take advantage of such a benefit not earlier than 55/60 years. However, the very amount of length of service that gives the right to such a benefit during the discussion of the bill for women and men was reduced by 3 years compared to the original version.

Let us recall that the government draft law initially established standards allowing one to obtain pensioner status ahead of schedule, in the values 40 years for women and 45 for men. It was with this content that the draft was adopted by deputies in the first reading in July.

During a televised address to the population of the country, Vladimir Putin, so that such a benefit would become more accessible. Corresponding amendments to the draft law were introduced by the President in September. They include experience requirements were relaxed to 37 and 42 years(that is, for 3 years).

What insurance periods count towards early retirement?

The length of service for early retirement is calculated in calendar order. But it is worth noting that the procedure for calculating length of service for early retirement will differ from the standard calculation of length of service. According to paragraph 4 of Art. 8 of Law No. 350-FZ of October 3, 2018, the length of service for early retirement will only include:

Periods of work, during which insurance premiums were paid to the Pension Fund (Part 1, Article 11 of Law No. 400-FZ of December 28, 2013);
Periods of temporary incapacity for work, during which compulsory social benefits are paid. insurance (Clause 2, Part 1, Article 12 of Law No. 400-FZ).

Thus, only periods of official work and time spent on sick leave will be counted towards the preferential length of service - all other periods (for example, being on maternity leave for up to 1.5 years) will not be included here.

For reference

In general, the insurance period includes:

Periods of work or other activity on the territory of the Russian Federation, during which payments were made to the Pension Fund.
Other periods, during which contributions to the Pension Fund were not deducted, but in accordance with clause 1 of Art. 12 of Law No. 400-FZ of December 28, 2013 “About insurance pensions” they are counted towards the insurance period (pension points can also be awarded for them).

In particular, countable “other periods” include those during which the Russian:

looked after each child until he was 1.5 years old, but no more than 6 years in total;
cared for a disabled person of the 1st group, a disabled child or a citizen who has reached 80 years of age;
served in the military or other equivalent service;
received social benefits insurance during temporary disability;
received unemployment benefits;
upon the direction of the employment service, moved to another area for further employment;
participated in paid community work;
was in custody as a person unjustifiably brought to criminal liability, etc. periods.

According to paragraph 2 of Art. 12 of Law No. 400-FZ, the above periods will be counted towards the insurance period if there were periods of work or other activity before or immediately after them, during which insurance contributions were paid to the Pension Fund.

Early pension based on length of service from 2019 (table)

Having accumulated the required number of years of service (37 for women, 42 for men), a citizen will be able to apply for an old-age insurance pension early - two years earlier than the retirement age provided at that time. However, due to the fact that this age standard is from 2019, not all citizens who have worked the required number of years will be able to become pensioners 2 years earlier.

In fact, in the first years of the reform this reduction will be fewer years:

In 2019 The retirement age in Russia on a general basis is 55.5 and 60.5 years. Citizens who have worked the required number of years for early retirement will be able to reduce their retirement age in 2019 only for 6 months. That is, they will be able to become pensioners at 55 and 60 years old (according to the standards of the old law). This change will affect women born in 1964 and men born in 1959.
In 2020 the reduction will be already 1.5 years, since the retirement age standard this year will be 56.5 and 61.5 years. According to these conditions, people will be able to become pensioners early based on length of service at the ages of 55 and 60 years. women born in 1965 and men born in 1960

Early retirement by year of birth in the presence of long insurance (work) experience can be presented in the following table:

Table - Retirement length in Russia according to the new law 2019

Women	GR	1964	1965	1966	1967	1968
	General PV	55,5	56,5	58	59	60
	Preferential PV	55		56	57	58
Men	GR	1959	1960	1961	1962	1963
	General PV	60,5	61,5	63	64	65
	Preferential PV	60		61	62	63
Year of early retirement based on length of service		2019	2020	2022	2024	2026 and beyond

Note: GR - year of birth; PV - retirement age.

After the final retirement ages for Russians are established - 60 and 65 years old, the age for early retirement will also be finalized fixed at 58 and 63 years. According to these standards, they will be able to become pensioners women born in 1968 and men born in 1963

Question answer

What length of service is required to receive a pension under the new law in 2019?

With the implementation of the pension reform since 2019, no additional conditions for receiving an old-age insurance pension have been introduced. However, the requirements for the minimum required experience began to increase even earlier - in 2015.

Annually the minimum required value of this standard increases by 1 year:

for 2018, the standard was set at 9 years;
in 2019 it will take 10 years;
will be established in 2024 final value - 15 years.

But it is worth recalling that in addition to long-term work activity there are 2 more conditions, the fulfillment of which is required for registration of old-age insurance payments, these are:

achievement (will gradually increase from 01/01/2019 to 60/65 years for women/men);
availability of the minimum required quantity (standards increase by 2.4 points annually until the standard of 30 points is reached).

Therefore, to retire in 2019 you need to reach the age 55.5/60.5 years, have at least 10 years of experience and 16.2 IPC. In 2020, these standards will be changed to 56.5/62.5 years, 11 years of work and 18.6 points.

The minimum required requirements will continue to be adjusted in the future. All planned changes to retirement conditions by year are presented in the table below:

Note: PV - retirement age

Total length of service is a value that becomes important for determining the amount of the accrued pension, taking into account periods of work before 01/01/2002. Let's consider which periods are included in the length of service, what documents can be used to confirm it, and also tell you how it is calculated correctly.

The concept of total work experience

The total length of service, which includes all periods of work, as well as socially useful activities of a citizen, plays a special role in taking into account the periods of work before 01/01/2002 in the calculation of pensions. After this date, in connection with the entry into force of the Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” dated December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ, this concept is replaced by the definition of “insurance period”, information about which begins to accumulate directly in the Pension Fund.

Fundamentally, these 2 types of length of service are distinguished by the fact that in the general work experience the periods of labor and socially useful activities carried out by the citizen are taken into account, and in the insurance period the periods of payment of contributions from his income to the Pension Fund are taken into account. With the introduction of Law No. 173-FZ of December 17, 2001, the size of the pension began to depend on different values depending on the period of labor activity:

for the period before 01/01/2002 - on the duration of the total length of service and the amount of average monthly earnings;
for the period from 01/01/2002 - from the amount of contributions paid to the Pension Fund and the presence of a minimum insurance period.

The new and old algorithms for calculating pensions turned out to be incomparable. Pension rights earned by a citizen before 01/01/2002 could not be taken into account when applying the new rules without appropriate data linking. For this purpose, paragraph 1 of Art. 30 of Law No. 173-FZ of December 17, 2001 provided for the possibility of recalculating these rights into an amount comparable to the new rules: the estimated pension capital accumulated on the date of the change in legislation. The formula for calculating this capital includes the value of the estimated size of the labor pension, which can be determined by one of 2 algorithms given, respectively, in clause 3 or clause 4 of Art. 30 of the law of December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ.

Types of total length of service that affect the calculation of pensions

Differences in establishing the estimated size of a labor pension are not limited to the difference in the formulas for their calculation: the lists of periods that form the total length of service involved in them also differ.

For calculations according to clause 3 of Art. 30 of the law of December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ, the total length of service consists of the periods:

any types of work (including creative activities) in the Russian Federation or abroad;
military service;
illness that occurred during work, or disability of 1-2 groups related to work;
unjustified excessive detention;
registration with the employment service in connection with unemployment.

For calculations according to clause 4 of Art. 30 of Law No. 173-FZ of December 17, 2001, the total length of service, in addition to the above periods, additionally includes the time:

vocational training;
caring for a disabled person;
maternity leave and child care up to 3 years (but not more than 9 years);
lack of opportunity to work for the wives of military personnel staying with their husbands at the place of service, and the wives of persons sent to work abroad. In the latter case, this period should not exceed 10 years;
being in the occupied territories, in concentration camps or in besieged Leningrad during the Second World War.

What is included in the length of service and how to calculate the periods?

The periods included in the total length of service are taken into account in this calculation according to their actual calendar duration by summation (clauses 3-4 of Article 30 of Law No. 173-FZ of December 17, 2001). However, there are a number of exceptions, according to which the corresponding intervals are taken into account in an increased amount. For example, for both options for determining the total length of service for a full year, the time worked during a full season in seasonal industries is taken.

In calculating the length of service under clause 4 of Art. 30 of the Law of December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ additionally increases the time:

work in the Far North, in areas equivalent to it, in the zone of the Chernobyl accident - 1.5 times;
conscript service in the army, work in leper colonies, anti-plague institutions, work during the Second World War (except for areas of occupation), living in besieged Leningrad, being in a concentration camp - 2 times;
participation in hostilities and service in the zone of the Chernobyl accident, treatment of war injuries, work in besieged Leningrad, unjustified detention in places of detention - 3 times.

The right to choose a calculation formula and, accordingly, to evaluate the total length of service is reserved by law to the insured person. However, in practice, such a calculation is made by the Pension Fund based on the documents it has, choosing from 2 options the most profitable for the pensioner.

The length of service is assessed in years, months and days. In this case, 30 calendar days are taken for a full month, and 12 months for a year (clause 47 of the Government of the Russian Federation Resolution No. 1015 of October 2, 2014 and clause 35 of the previous Government Resolution of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2002 No. 555).

According to the new law, according to which from January 1, 2019 in Russia a gradual increase in the retirement age will begin, for Russians with extensive insurance experience will be provided new pension benefit- the possibility of early retirement (2 years earlier than generally established periods). They will be able to exercise this right women over 37 years old And men with 42 years of experience.

However this does not mean that the new law increases the requirements for mandatory length of service for pension calculation. On the contrary, such a benefit was offered by the Government and the President of Russia as mitigation measure pension reform planned from 2019.

If a citizen works for the specified number of years, he will be able to retire 2 years earlier the retirement age established in the corresponding year, but not earlier than 55 years for women and 60 years for men. Due to the fact that the retirement age will be raised gradually, in 2019, if you have a long period of service, it will be possible to become a pensioner early only six months ahead of schedule(so the general retirement age in 2019 will be 55.5 and 60.5 years, respectively - see. early retirement table).

The main limitation is that it will be possible to become a pensioner early due to prolonged work no earlier than upon reaching the age of 55 or 60 years(for women and men respectively). That is, it will not be possible to reduce the general retirement age valid until the end of 2018 in this way.
In the first 2 years of the new reform(in 2019 and 2020) take advantage of the new pension benefit it won't work in full- i.e. It will still be impossible to reduce the retirement period by 2 years, since in any case it cannot be less than now - 55/60 years (see. retirement table by length of service).

When determining eligibility for benefits, consideration will be given to all periods included in the insurance period(i.e., both periods of work and other taken into account “non-work” periods determined by law - for example, caring for each child until the age of 1.5 years).

It is also necessary to understand that the benefit provided for by the new law for a long insurance period of 37 years for women and 42 years for men will not affect general experience requirements! Those conditions, the fulfillment of which is already provided for in order to receive an old-age insurance pension on a general basis, during the reform do not change and will remain the same.

Experience giving the right to early retirement

Already since 2019 an additional preferential basis is planned for the opportunity to become a pensioner early - availability at least 37 years of insurance experience for women and at least 42 for men. With the adoption of such changes, Russians will have the opportunity to process payments 2 years earlier, than will be provided for by the new retirement age (and from 2019 it will begin to increase from 55 to 60 years for women from 60 to 65 years for men).

However, the President's requirements for length of service were softened by 3 years - up to 37 and 42 years. Vladimir Putin already sent the corresponding amendments to the State Duma on September 6, 2018. During the second reading of the bill on raising the retirement age for Russians, such amendments were approved by deputies, and on September 27, 2018, the bill was adopted in its final content.

It is also necessary to clarify that this standard (37 years for women and 42 years for men) optional to receive a pension in the general case - it only allows you to make early payments “on preferential terms”. And for registration of an insurance pension in the general procedure for such a long work activity not required. For example, in 2019, to obtain the right to become an age pensioner, you will need to earn only 10 years of experience.

In general, according to current legislation, in order to receive an old-age insurance pension, it is enough to fulfill three mandatory conditions:

Achieving the established retirement age will gradually change, starting from 01/01/2019, until it is set at 60/65 years for women/men, respectively.
The presence of a mandatory (minimum) insurance period - these values are gradually adjusted from 01/01/2015 with an annual increase of 1 year.
Availability of the minimum required number of pension points (IPC) - this value is also adjusted annually in annual increments of 2.4 points.

For example, to become a pensioner in 2019, you will need to have 10 years of insurance experience and 16.2 pension points. If in 2019 a citizen lacks these indicators, then you need to keep in mind that next year the requirements will be even higher - already 11 years and 18.6 points.

The schedule for increasing the minimum (mandatory) requirements for obtaining an old-age pension in Russia by year is given in the table below:

The final mandatory values after the end of the transition period are noted in the table in bold- this is respectively a retirement age of 60 years for women and 65 years for men (from 2023), 15 years of insurance experience (from 2024) and 30 pension points (from 2025).

is calculated in calendar terms based on the periods actually worked by the citizen, taking into account the benefits provided by law. We’ll talk about the role of length of service in calculating a pension in this article..

The importance of length of service for calculating pensions

Before the new law on pension provision for citizens of the Russian Federation came into force in 2002, length of service was of primary importance, since the size of the pension was determined by the number of years worked by the citizen. In addition, in the old pension system, continuous work experience had a significant impact on the amount of benefits.

Since 2002, the situation has changed dramatically: now, in order for a citizen to have the right to a pension, it is enough for him to have 5 years of insurance experience (which legally coincides in length with labor). The fact is that during the period when a person works under an employment contract, is in the service of state and municipal bodies, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia or the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to pay insurance premiums for him. It is their volume over the total period of work that will determine what pension will be accrued to the employee after his retirement. Persons who carry out business activities without forming a legal entity - individual entrepreneurs - are also required to pay insurance premiums for themselves and their employees.

As a general rule, when calculating length of service, calendar calculation is used, and the amount of time actually worked is taken as the basis. However, the law provides for cases when this rule does not apply. The most common example of this kind is the length of service of military personnel: when citizens serve under conscription, it is calculated on the basis of 1 day of service for 2.

When calculating length of service, there may be other features provided for by current legislation. For example, spouses of military personnel living together with them have the right to count such time of residence into their work experience: before 1992 - in full, regardless of the location of the unit, subsequently - only for periods during which the spouses were forced not to work in due to the lack of employment opportunities in their specialty at the place of deployment (provided that they were officially recognized as unemployed at that time).

Don't know your rights?

It must also be said that the length of service includes both the time that a citizen worked on the territory of the Russian Federation and periods of work outside its borders. If, at the same time, a citizen carried out labor activities outside the country, he has the right to apply for pension provision only in cases provided for by Russian legislation and international treaties of the Russian Federation, or if he independently paid pension contributions to the Pension Fund.

Pension experience for men

The retirement age of a man in Russia, as a general rule, begins when he reaches 60 years of age. There are also pensions for long service when serving in municipal or government service. Depending on the type of work carried out and in the presence of certain conditions established by special legislation, retirement age may even occur at 45 years or earlier.

At the same time, the length of service taken into account when assigning a pension usually includes the following periods:

military service (including conscription);
receiving insurance payments due to disability;
being on parental leave for a child up to 1.5 years old (one of the parents for each of the children, but not more than 3 years in total);
care by a citizen for a disabled person of group 1 or 2;
caring for a disabled child or an elderly person over 80 years of age;
detention of citizens who were subsequently rehabilitated (as well as illegally repressed).

It should also be noted that these periods should be taken into account only if they were preceded or followed by periods of official labor activity of the given citizen. In other words, if a person cared for a disabled child, but did not work either before or after this leave, this period will not be taken into account when calculating his pension.

Women's pension experience in Russia

Women have the right to receive a pension upon reaching the age of 55, as well as in the case of early retirement due to the nature of their work activities in cases provided for by law.

Calculation pension experience in Russia for women occurs in the same order as for men. It should also be said that in addition to the above-mentioned features of calculating length of service for women, length of service includes periods of maternity leave, as well as additional leave provided, guaranteed by legislation aimed at protecting motherhood and childhood.

The duration of work or any other socially useful activity is called seniority. It is on the basis of work experience that a citizen receives the right to regular annual leave, pensions and disability benefits. Also, at some enterprises, salaries are calculated according to length of service. All data about him is entered into the work book, which is the main document confirming his experience.

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Kinds

Currently, according to the law, there are 3 types of seniority. The classification is made in accordance with legal facts, the emergence of which allows the legislation to divide into several types of social security.

The following types of work experience are distinguished:

Insurance work experience. Everything is quite simple here. The total duration of work activity during which insurance contributions to the Pension Fund were regularly paid is taken into account. The required minimum period of this experience is five years, only then can you apply for a pension. The absence of such a period of insurance coverage will deprive you of pension payments in old age. Also, the insurance period can be the basis for early retirement.
Continuous work experience. This is the time spent working for one organization. Also, length of service in different organizations is considered continuous, but when changing jobs, the break should be no more than a month. With a long continuous length of service, the benefit paid in connection with temporary incapacity increases. Bonuses and payments based on work results for a certain period of time also completely depend on this type of experience.
Special work experience. This type of work experience is different in that accounting occurs within the framework of a specific work activity. A long-service pension, a salary supplement for long service, a pension due to special working conditions are the results of long-term special work experience.

Calculation

Depending on the specialty and place of work, experience may be accrued differently. In the absence of special conditions, seniority is accrued on a calendar basis. However, there are exceptions here too.

Calculation of experience in:

One and a half size. This calculation applies to citizens exposed to radiation during work to eliminate the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Military personnel are excluded.
Double size. Here, work experience in leper colonies or other institutions for combating dangerous epidemics, as well as military service, is taken into account.
Triple size. Service in the active army, period of treatment and rehabilitation of post-war injuries.

What is included in work experience

On the Internet you can often see various questions tormenting the population. One of the most common questions is: “What will ultimately be counted towards my experience?”

Well, in addition to periods of work, or any other useful activity provided for by law, the length of service also includes:

Time to care for children under one and a half years old.
Period of receiving social insurance benefits.
Military service.
Period of receiving unemployment benefits.
Training related to employee development.
Industrial practice, if it is paid.

If you are experiencing difficulties with finding a job, you should definitely join the labor exchange, and you will be credited with work experience. Many, unfortunately, neglect this opportunity.

Calculation of continuous work experience

To maintain continuous experience, you need to know some rules. According to the law, when changing jobs, continuous work experience can be maintained if the break is no more than a month. When leaving at your own request, the break should not exceed 3 weeks. You can re-use the right only after 12 months. Otherwise, the internship will be interrupted. The exception is if there is a good reason.

In the event that the previous place of work was located in the Far North.
In the event that the previous place of work was a representative office of a Russian organization abroad.
In the event that a citizen entering work is a migrant from countries with which the Russian Federation has concluded agreements on social security.

If the reason for dismissal from your previous job was a reorganization of the enterprise.
If the reason for dismissal from your previous job was a disability or injury that resulted in temporary incapacity for work.
If the reason for dismissal from the previous place of work was the identification of a discrepancy between the state of health and the position held.

Continuous work experience is maintained during any break in work, provided that:

The reason for voluntary dismissal from a previous job was the transfer of a spouse to work in another area.
The reason for dismissal from the previous place of work was the fact of retirement.

The period of continuous service is interrupted upon dismissal in the following cases:

When executing a court sentence that makes it impossible to continue working in the organization where the convicted person is employed (detention for a long period, community service, etc.)
Violation by an employee of the terms of an employment contract.
At the request of the trade union.
Consumption of alcoholic beverages in the workplace, absenteeism, appearing drunk.
Fraud, theft.
Committing an immoral act when working with children.
Violation of disciplinary rules established in the organization.
Neglect of any other rules, failure to comply with which entails dismissal in accordance with the law.

There are also some cases of providing an unlimited break between work. They usually concern military personnel who have been in hot spots, as well as close relatives of seriously ill children.

Conditions of retirement

Everyone knows perfectly well what an old-age pension is. Every month, without fail, every pensioner receives the money they deserve from the state. The only condition for receiving these payments is the presence of the necessary length of service, as determined by law. Having reached a certain age (age is determined by gender), every citizen of the Russian Federation who has fulfilled the conditions has the right to pension payments.

So what are these conditions?

Age. It is worth noting that retirement age, under normal working conditions, for women reaches 55 years, and for men 60. Under difficult conditions, 50 for women, 55 for men.
Seniority. The total work experience must be 20 years for women, 25 for men.
Insurance. According to the law of the Russian Federation, a person applying for pension payments must be insured under the program “On Compulsory Pension Insurance.” But we should also not forget that the reform introduced in 2015 allows citizens to decide for themselves when to retire.

Minimum work experience

To qualify for pension payments in the amount of the subsistence minimum, you must have at least 5 years of work experience.

However, a new reform introduced this year aims to gradually increase the minimum work experience to 15 years. Thus, by 2024, the minimum insurance period of each citizen applying for pension payments will have to be at least 15 years.

At the moment, pensioners retiring will already need 6 years of experience. Pensioners who retired before January 1, 2015 will not be affected by this rule.

The minimum length of service also includes:

For women, the minimum insurance period may include up to 2 maternity and child care leaves, but not more than one and a half years each.
Men are given credit for military service.

Pensions

To summarize, you need to remember that since 2015 there are 2 types of pensions:

Funded pension. The calculation takes into account funds from the pension fund that were accumulated through payments of insurance premiums. Contributions are paid by the employer throughout the entire period of work from each transfer of funds in favor of the employee.
Insurance pension. Completely depends on experience.

Pension reform has raised many questions this year. But there is no need to worry, the transition to the new order was carried out as smoothly as possible, and without consequences for those who were already retired at the time of the reform. The basic provisions remained unchanged, only the minimum length of service required to receive a pension was increased. It will be many more years before the new pension system works 100%.